Thermodynamic Analysis of the First Stage of Heavy Water Production

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hilda Cha´vez ◽  
Javier de J. Guadarrama ◽  
Abel Herna´ndez-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Heavy Water ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Entropy Increase

The present paper describes the thermodynamic analysis of the first stage of enrichment of heavy water production by the Girdler Sulfide (GS) process. A very useful procedure for analyzing a proces is by means of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Thermodynamic analyses based on the concept of irreversible entropy increase have frequently been suggested as pointers to sources of inefficiency in chemical processes. Furthermore, this study points out where the irreversibilities of the process are located, and provides a generalized discussion from the successful application of the technique.

Capital and Operating Cost as Driving Forces of the First Stage of Heavy Water Production

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hilda Cha´vez ◽  
Javier de J. Guadarrama ◽  
Abel Herna´ndez-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Heavy Water ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Optimization Parameters ◽  
The Cost

The present paper describes the behavior of the capital and operating cost as driving forces for the design of the first stage of enrichment of heavy water production by the Girdler Sulfide (GS) process. A very useful procedure for analyzing a process or control system is by means of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Determining where the irreversibilities of a process or control systems are generally indicates where the greatest improvements can be made, particularly as they relate to operating cost. Thermodynamic analyses based on the concepts of irreversible entropy increase have frequently been suggested as pointers to sources of inefficiency in chemical processes. Furthermore, this study shows a generalized discussion of the cost with respect to the optimization parameters, it points out where the irreversibilities of the process are located, and provides a generalized discussion from the successful application of the technique.

Thermodynamic Analysis of the CO2 Gas Removal Process

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa-Hilda Chavez ◽  
Jazmin Cortez-Gonzalez ◽  
Javier de J. Guadarrama ◽  
Abel Hernandez-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Equilibrium Partial Pressure ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Removal Process ◽  
Gas Removal ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The present paper describes the thermodynamic analysis of the carbon dioxide (CO2) gas removal process in two separated columns with absorption/stripping sections respectively. This process is characterized as mass transfer enhanced by chemical reaction, in which the presence of an alkanolamine enhances the solubility of an acid gas in the aqueous phase at a constant value of the equilibrium partial pressure. A very useful procedure for analyzing a process is by means of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Thermodynamic analyses based on the concepts of irreversible entropy increase have frequently been suggested as pointers to sources of inefficiency in chemical processes. Furthermore, they point out where the irreversibilities of the process are located, and provide a generalized discussion from the successful application of the technique.

Thermodynamic Analysis of a Multi-Fueled Single Cylinder SI Engine

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Haq ◽  
M. R. Mohiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
Si Engines

The paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of a single cylinder four-stroke spark-ignition (SI) engine fuelled by four fuels namely iso-octane, methane, methanol and hydrogen. In SI engines, due to phenomena like ignition delay and finite flame speed manifested by the fuels, the heat addition process is not instantaneous, and hence ‘Weibe function’ is used to address the realistic heat release scenario of the engine. Empirical correlations are used to predict the heat loss from the engine cylinder. Physical states and chemical properties of gaseous species present inside the cylinder are determined using first and second law of thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, JANAF thermodynamic data-base and NASA polynomials. The model is implemented in FORTRAN 95 using standard numerical routines and some simulation results are validated against data available in literature. The second law of thermodynamics is applied to estimate the change of exergy i.e. the work potential or quality of the in-cylinder mixture undergoing various phases to complete the cycle. Results indicate that, around 4 to 24% of exergy initially possessed by the in-cylinder mixture is reduced during combustion and about 26 to 42% is left unused and exhausted to the atmosphere.

A Micro Combined Heat and Power Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Gholizadeh ◽  
M. B. Shafii ◽  
M. H. Saidi
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Entropy Production ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Entropy Production Rate ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Laws Of Thermodynamics

In modeling and designing micro combined heat and power cycle most important point is recognition of how the cycle operates based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics simultaneously. Analyzing data obtained from thermodynamic analysis employed to optimize MCHP cycle. The data obtained from prime mover optimization has been used for basic stimulus cycle. Assumptions considered for prime mover optimization has been improved, for example in making optimum operation condition by using genetic algorithms constant pressure combustion chamber was considered. The exact value of downstream and upstream pressure changes in the combustion chamber reaction has been obtained. After extraction of the appropriate relationship for the primary stimulus cycle, data required for the overall cycle analysis identified, By using these data optimum total cycle efficiency and constructing the first and second laws of thermodynamics has been calculated for it. After reviewing Thermodynamic governing relations in each cycle and using the optimum values that the prime mover has been optimized with, other cycles have been optimized. In best performance condition of cycle, electrical efficiency was 41 percent and the overall efficiency of the cycle was 88 percent, respectively. After using the second law of thermodynamics mathematical model Second law of thermodynamics efficiency and entropy production rate was estimated. Second law of thermodynamics yield best performance against the 45.14 percent and the rate of entropy production in this case equal to 0.099 kW/K respectively.

scholarly journals Distinguishability of non-orthogonal density matrices does not imply violations of the second law

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
PierGianLuca Porta Mana
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Density Matrix ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Density Matrices ◽  
Matrix Space ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Quantum Thermodynamic

The hypothetical possibility of distinguishing preparations described by non-orthogonal density matrices does not necessarily imply a violation of the second law of thermodynamics, as was instead stated by von Neumann. On the other hand, such a possibility would surely mean that the particular density-matrix space (and related Hilbert space) adopted would not be adequate to describe the hypothetical new experimental facts. These points are shown by making clear the distinction between physical preparations and the density matrices which represent them, and then comparing a "quantum" thermodynamic analysis given by Peres with a "classical" one given by Jaynes.

Entropy Increase as Tendency: Drive and Effector

2017 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Alberto Gianinetti
Keyword(s):  
Particle Motion ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Entropy Increase ◽  
Probable State ◽  
Definition Of

A useful definition of entropy is “a function of the system equilibration, stability, and inertness”, and the tendency to an overall increase of entropy, which is set forth by the second law of thermodynamics, should be meant as “the tendency to the most probable state”, that is, to a state having the highest equilibration, stability, and inertness that the system can reach. The tendency to entropy increase is driven by the probabilistic distributions of matter and energy and it is actualized by particle motion.

scholarly journals A GENERAL INFORMATION THEORETICAL PROOF FOR THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
QI-REN ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Quantum State ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
General Information ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Classical Physics ◽  
Interaction Information ◽  
Entropy Increase ◽  
Classical Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Social Statistics

We show that the conservation and the non-additivity of information, together with the additivity of entropy makes entropy increase in an isolated system. The collapse of the entangled quantum state offers an example of the information non-additivity. Nevertheless, the later is also true in other fields, in which the interaction information is important. Examples are classical statistical mechanics, social statistics and financial processes. The second law of thermodynamics is thus proven in its most general form. It is exactly true, not only in quantum and classical physics but also in other processes in which the information is conservative and non-additive.

Exergy Analysis of the Sequestration of CO2 Emissions

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa-Hilda Chavez ◽  
Javier de J. Guadarrama ◽  
Abel Hernandez-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Amine Absorption

Carbon dioxide capture from flue gas using amine-based CO2 capture technology requires huge amounts of energy mostly in the form of heat. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of obtaining the heat required for amine absorption for a particular recovery of carbon dioxide for a given a set of equipment specifications and operating conditions from the process and to develop a model that simulates the removal of CO2 using Monoethanolamine (MEA) absorption from flue gas and design a process that will minimize the energy of CO2 capture with Aspen Plus™ will be used. A very useful procedure for analyzing a process is by means of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Thermodynamic analyses based on the concepts of irreversible entropy increase have frequently been suggested as pointers to sources of inefficiency in chemical processes.

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