A New Approach for the Study of Reliability for MEMS Magnetic Actuator

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Berkcan ◽  
S. Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Actuator ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Reliability Design ◽  
Design For Reliability ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Device Reliability ◽  
Mems Device

This paper presents a summary of the design for reliability and the reliability test procedures used for the design, fabrication and testing of a MEMS magnetic actuator. The MEMS device reliability is determined incorporating device structure, its fabrication process, the packaging, & their interacting contributions. The goal of the MEMS actuator reliability design task is to increase the probability of failure free operation of a MEMS based system for a specified time period and the use environment. The design for reliability and the subsequent reliability testing procedures are used to determine the reliability of the MEMS actuator and enable the determination of the reliability of the final product that the MEMS device is becoming part of.

Dispersant Toxicity Test Procedures

1969 ◽  
Vol 1969 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G.J. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Fish Nursery ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Solea Solea ◽  
Static Water ◽  
Flow Apparatus ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

Abstract The toxicity of chemicals used to disperse oil is considered on the basis of British experience and in relation to effects on fisheries and marine life. It is concluded that although toxic dispersants may be of value in treating oil at sea, they should not be used in large quantities in shallow coastal water, over shellfish beds or fish nursery grounds, or in estuaries. When oil comes ashore the problem should be reduced by mechanical means and chemical methods used only on high-amenity beaches. Toxicity-testing procedures for dispersants have so far been based upon the determination of LC50 values in static-water aerated tanks at 15°C over a 48-hour period, but a continuous-flow apparatus is being devised. Test animals regularly used are Pandalus montagui, Crangon crangon, Carcinus maenas and Cardium edule, but the fish Solea solea and Limanda limanda and the lobster Homarus gammarus are now being included. A large number of commercially available dispersants have been tested and also some experimental formulations. Some recently-developed materials for use at sea have low toxicities but are of little value for treating oil which has come ashore. Tainting by oil and dispersants may affect fisheries by adding unwanted flavours to fish and shellfish and so affecting marketability over several weeks.

scholarly journals Modeling Population Spatial-Temporal Distribution Using Taxis Origin and Destination Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3727
Author(s):  
Fatema Rahimi ◽  
Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki ◽  
Mostafa Ghodousi ◽  
Soo-Mi Choi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Temporal Modeling ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Proposed Model

During dangerous circumstances, knowledge about population distribution is essential for urban infrastructure architecture, policy-making, and urban planning with the best Spatial-temporal resolution. The spatial-temporal modeling of the population distribution of the case study was investigated in the present study. In this regard, the number of generated trips and absorbed trips using the taxis pick-up and drop-off location data was calculated first, and the census population was then allocated to each neighborhood. Finally, the Spatial-temporal distribution of the population was calculated using the developed model. In order to evaluate the model, a regression analysis between the census population and the predicted population for the time period between 21:00 to 23:00 was used. Based on the calculation of the number of generated and the absorbed trips, it showed a different spatial distribution for different hours in one day. The spatial pattern of the population distribution during the day was different from the population distribution during the night. The coefficient of determination of the regression analysis for the model (R2) was 0.9998, and the mean squared error was 10.78. The regression analysis showed that the model works well for the nighttime population at the neighborhood level, so the proposed model will be suitable for the day time population.

Acute Sleep Restriction Affects Sport-Specific But Not Athletic Performance in Junior Tennis Players

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jacopo A. Vitale ◽  
Matteo Bonato ◽  
Lorenzo Petrucci ◽  
Giorgio Zucca ◽  
Antonio La Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Junior Tennis ◽  
Left And Right

Purpose: Little is known about the effect of sleep restriction (SR) on different domains of athletes’ physical performance. Therefore, the aim of this randomized, counterbalanced, and crossover study was to evaluate the effect of acute SR on sport-specific technical and athletic performance in male junior tennis players. Methods: Tennis players (N = 12; age 15.4 ± 2.6 y) were randomly allocated to either a sleep-restriction condition (SR, n = 6), where they experienced acute sleep restriction the night before the test session (≤5 h of sleep), or to a control condition (CON, n = 6), where they followed their habitual sleep–wake routines. Testing procedures included 20 left and right serves, 15 forehand and backhand crosscourt shots, and a repeated-sprint-ability test (RSA). The accuracy of serves and shots was considered for further analysis. One week later, players of SR joined CON, and players of CON experienced SR, and all test procedures were repeated. Results: Significant decrease in the accuracy of right (−17.5%, P = .010, effect size [ES] = 1.0, moderate) and left serve (−14.1%, P = .014, ES = 1.2, large), crosscourt backhand (−23.9%, P = .003, ES ≥ 2.0, very large), and forehand shot (−15.6%, P = .014, ES = 1.1, moderate) were observed in SR compared to CON, while RSA was similar in both conditions. Conclusion: Coaches and athletes at the team and individual level should be aware that 1 night of SR affects sport-specific but not athletic performance in tennis players.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an Alternative Staining Method Using SYTO 13 to Determine Reticulated Platelets

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (05) ◽  
pp. 779-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hille ◽  
Marco Cederqvist ◽  
Julia Hromek ◽  
Christian Stratz ◽  
Dietmar Trenk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Reticulated Platelets ◽  
Automated Assay ◽  
Rna Quantification ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Immature Platelet Fraction ◽  
Syto 13

AbstractReticulated platelets reflect the rate of platelet turnover and represent the youngest circulating platelets in peripheral blood. Reticulated platelets contain residual ribonucleic acid (RNA) from megakaryocytes which is lost in a time-dependent manner and can be transcribed into proteins even in the absence of a nucleus. An increased proportion of reticulated platelets is associated with higher platelet reactivity, cardiovascular events and mortality. At present, a fully automated assay system (SYSMEX haematology analyser) is available for analysis. This method, however, is not suitable for extended laboratory investigations like subsequent cell sorting. Flow cytometry analysis after staining with thiazole orange (TO) is frequently used in such settings despite several limitations. Here, we describe a new assay for determination of reticulated platelets by flow cytometry using the nucleic acid staining dye SYTO 13 and compare it with SYSMEX and TO staining as current standards. A significant correlation between immature platelet fraction (IPF) determined by SYSMEX XE-2100 analyser and results obtained with the SYTO 13-based assay was observed (r = 0.668, p < 0.001) which was stable during a reasonable time period. In contrast, the correlation between TO staining and IPF was weaker (r = 0.478, p = 0.029) and lost after 90 minutes of staining. SYTO 13 staining of platelets enabled sorting of RNAlow and RNArich platelets which was confirmed by RNA quantification of sorted platelets. Except for fixation of platelets, sorting of these platelet sub-populations was stable under various experimental settings. In summary, determination of reticulated platelets with the new SYTO 13 assay offers distinct technical advantages enabling further laboratory processing.

scholarly journals Experimental Testing of a Size-Exclusion Chromatography Method Used for Evaluation of Molecular Parameters of Equine Anti-Ebola Immunoglobulin

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Е. Yu. Mishalova ◽  
E. V. Gordeev ◽  
V. N. Lebedev ◽  
S. A. Melnikov ◽  
S. A. Nimirskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Molecular Parameters ◽  
Hplc System

Haemorrhagic fever caused by the Ebola virus is a highly hazardous infectious disease with a mortality rate of 50– 90 %. Heterologous immunoglobulins with a high virus-neutralizing titer are an important element of the WHO-endorsed set of measures for emergency prevention and treatment of the disease. Specific activity of these products is largely determined by their fractional composition, and, in particular, by molecular mass distribution (MMD). The size-exclusion-high-performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC) has traditionally been used for determination of the MMD of the target protein in human immunoglobulin-based products. The use of this method for evaluation of molecular parameters of heterologous immunoglobulin requires confirmation of its specificity, accuracy and precision, and establishment of the chromatographic system suitability criteria in the context of a new test object.The aim of the study was to test the applicability of the SEC-HPLC method to the assessment of molecular parameters of anti-Ebola immunoglobulin derived from horse serum.Materials and methods: three batches of purified equine anti-Ebola immunoglobulin were used in the study. Normal equine and human immunoglobulins of the IgG isotype were used as reference standards. The HPLC test procedures described in the European Pharmacopoeia 9.6 and State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14th ed., were used for determination of monomers and other immunoglobulin fractions. An Agilent 1260 Infinity (Agilent, USA) HPLC system with a diode array detector and an Agilent Bio SEC-3 HPLC column were used for quality evaluation of the tested products.Results: the resolution factor between IgG monomer and dimer peaks (1.69 and 2.10), and the chromatographic column efficiency (>2000) make it possible to use the SEC-HPLC system for evaluation of molecular parameters of heterologous immunoglobulin. The study demonstrated reproducibility of the test procedure.Conclusions: the study confirmed the applicability of the SEC-HPLC procedure for evaluation of molecular parameters of anti-Ebola immunoglobulin derived from horse serum. It demonstrated the compliance of the purified immunoglobulin to the national and international quality requirements in terms of «Molecular parameters».

scholarly journals Channel temperature analysis of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs in quasi-static and pulse operation mode

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-394
Author(s):  
Martin Florovič ◽  
Róbert Szobolovszký ◽  
Jaroslav Kováč ◽  
Jaroslav Kováč ◽  
Aleš Chvála ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operation Mode ◽  
Drain Current ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Saturation Velocity ◽  
Channel Temperature ◽  
Device Reliability ◽  
Source Resistance ◽  
Current Change ◽  
Voltage Saturation

Abstract GaN-based HEMTs’ high potential is deteriorated by self-heating during the operation, this has influence on the electrical properties as well as device reliability. This work is focused on an average channel temperature determination of power AlGaN/GaN HEMT prepared on SiC substrate using quasi-static and pulsed I-V characterization. There was analyzed the drain current change relation to temperature dependent electrical HEMT parameters such as source resistance, threshold voltage, saturation velocity, resp. leakage current which allows to calculate an average channel temperature versus dissipated power for various ambient temperature. Differential temperature of investigated device with and without heatsink was determined. Obtained results were discussed using simulated spatial temperature distribution.

scholarly journals Implementation and application of E-technologies in enterprise environment

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Roman Malo
Keyword(s):  
Short Time Period ◽  
Logical Model ◽  
System A ◽  
Theoretical System ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Business Area ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Base Platform

Nowadays, a problem of an e- technologies’ implementation represents one of the most important questions that are being solved within various subjects from business area. With respect of massive implementation of activities as e- commerce, e- payments and others the e- technologies’ implementation is the progressive way of these subjects’ expansion. However, due to relatively short time period in which enterprise subjects have solved there is a set of vague aspects going together with this problem. The paper analyses the area of e- technologies and defines relations between basic concepts. Following this theoretical system a few hypothesis are constructed and used as a base platform for a determination of the logical model for implementation of e- technologies in enterprise environment.

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