Heavy Truck Fuel Storage System Design for Improved Impact Protection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Leiss ◽  
Marcus A. Mazza ◽  
Erin M. Shipp
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Fuel Storage ◽  
Heavy Truck ◽  
Impact Protection ◽  
Tank Design ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Heavy (Class 8) truck fuel storage location and geometry has not significantly changed in several decades. Manufacturers have taken steps to improve their designs by eliminating cross over lines and making material property and thickness changes, among other changes, but there has been no mandate or significant effort to decrease the potential for post collision fuel fed fires in heavy trucks. Even with these design changes, FARS data indicates the number of fatal post-impact fires has not decreased over time. Several studies were conducted in the 1980’s and 1990’s that brought the unprotected design of the fuel storage on these vehicles to light. This paper combines these historical works with current FARS data on the subject and describes a different design approach that increases the impact protection of the fuel storage tank. This new approach uses the truck’s frame rails to guard the fuel storage tank and absorb and redirect impact energy. Currently, a heavy truck “saddle” mounted fuel tank’s integrity is tested through a 30 foot drop test prescribed by 49 CFR 393 and also listed in SAE Recommended Procedure J703. In this work, a crash test methodology used to test the integrity of a school bus side mounted fuel tank as prescribed in FMVSS 301S is discussed. Results of using this crash methodology on a current “saddle” tank design and a prototype of the new fuel storage system design are also presented.

scholarly journals Simulation and Modeling of Hybrid Fuel Storage System using Compressed Air Energy Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 778-787
Author(s):  
Mohd Suleman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Fuel Storage

In the present work, Hybrid fuel storage system of compressed air is an extensive technology that provides long duration energy storage. It is encouraged in balancing the large scale penetration of intermittent and dispersed sources of power. Such as wind and solar power into electric grids .The existing Compressed air energy storage (CAES) plants utilize natural gas as fuel. In this project we are replacing the natural gas with the composition of air (15 bar), copper oxide (5-20%), and water (50%). validated with the results obtained using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. Modeling of energy storage tank is done in Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application (CATIA) software, mesh has been created using ANSYS workbench software and Analysis is done in Fluent Software. The composition is sent from the inlet of the energy storage tank and temperatures are varied like 298k, 373k, 423k, and 473k. Velocities are also varied like 15m/s, 25m/s, 35m/s, 45m/s. This hybrid fuel storage deals with phase change material by using water and copper by heating at different temperatures to get the energy and re-utilized. This device is applicable for renewable energy application to avoid the heat losses new technique of energy saving in suitable forms. This has the lead to the emergence of fuel storage as a management of energy and allowing it to various levels of energy storage. In many parts of the world this storage of energy plays an important role and a new technique of energy saving in suitable forms. This has the lead to the emergence of fuel storage as a management of energy and allowing it to various levels of energy storage.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Hybrid Energy Storage System for Residential Buildings in Continental Climates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3820
Author(s):  
Noelia Llantoy ◽  
Gabriel Zsembinszki ◽  
Valeria Palomba ◽  
Andrea Frazzica ◽  
Mattia Dallapiccola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
The Impact

With the aim of contributing to achieving the decarbonization of the energy sector, the environmental impact of an innovative system to produce heating and domestic hot water for heating demand-dominated climates is assessed is evaluated. The evaluation is conducted using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and the ReCiPe and IPCC GWP indicators for the manufacturing and operation stages, and comparing the system to a reference one. Results show that the innovative system has a lower overall impact than the reference one. Moreover, a parametric study to evaluate the impact of the refrigerant is carried out, showing that the impact of the overall systems is not affected if the amount of refrigerant or the impact of refrigerant is increased.

Lighting energy performance determination in office environments through implementation of EN 15193-1 for Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 147715352098742
Author(s):  
FŞ Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
System Control ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
The Impact

Office buildings are building typologies where efficient and optimal use of lighting energy is crucial while providing comfortable visual environments. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of diverse architectural design alternatives on lighting energy requirements and lighting energy saving possibilities through a case study. In this study, a total of 3888 design alternatives are investigated in a comparative way in terms of daylighting system design alternatives, artificial lighting system design scenarios, artificial lighting system control types and shading system control options. Introducing the adaptation process of the EN 15193-1:2017 standard for Turkey’s specific climatic and geographical conditions and considering diverse lighting design scenarios, results of this parametric study aim to underline the significance of architectural design strategies in office buildings for the reduction of lighting energy requirements.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of an Innovative Compact Hybrid Electrical-Thermal Storage System for Residential Buildings in Mediterranean Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5322
Author(s):  
Gabriel Zsembinszki ◽  
Noelia Llantoy ◽  
Valeria Palomba ◽  
Andrea Frazzica ◽  
Mattia Dallapiccola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Electrical Consumption ◽  
The Impact

The buildings sector is one of the least sustainable activities in the world, accounting for around 40% of the total global energy demand. With the aim to reduce the environmental impact of this sector, the use of renewable energy sources coupled with energy storage systems in buildings has been investigated in recent years. Innovative solutions for cooling, heating, and domestic hot water in buildings can contribute to the buildings’ decarbonization by achieving a reduction of building electrical consumption needed to keep comfortable conditions. However, the environmental impact of a new system is not only related to its electrical consumption from the grid, but also to the environmental load produced in the manufacturing and disposal stages of system components. This study investigates the environmental impact of an innovative system proposed for residential buildings in Mediterranean climate through a life cycle assessment. The results show that, due to the complexity of the system, the manufacturing and disposal stages have a high environmental impact, which is not compensated by the reduction of the impact during the operational stage. A parametric study was also performed to investigate the effect of the design of the storage system on the overall system impact.

scholarly journals Simulation of Energy Absorption Performance of the Couplers in Urban Railway Vehicles during a Heavy Collision

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Sunghyun Lim ◽  
Yong-hyeon Ji ◽  
Yeong-il Park
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Force ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Railway Vehicle ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Railway Vehicles ◽  
Hydraulic Shock Absorber ◽  
Coupling Buffer ◽  
Absorption Performance ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Railway vehicles are generally operated by connecting several vehicles in a row. Mechanisms connecting railway vehicles must also absorb front and rear shock loads that occur during a train’s operation. To minimize damage, rail car couplers are equipped with a buffer system that absorbs the impact of energy. It is difficult to perform a crash test and evaluate performance by applying a buffer to an actual railway vehicle. In this study, a simulation technique using a mathematical buffer model was introduced to overcome these difficulties. For this, a model of each element of the buffer was built based on the experimental data for each element of the coupling buffer system and a collision simulation program was developed. The buffering characteristics of a 10-car train colliding at 25 km/h were analyzed using a developed simulator. The results of the heavy collision simulation showed that the rubber buffer was directly connected to the hydraulic shock absorber in a solid contact state, and displacement of the hydraulic buffer hardly occurred despite the increase in reaction force due to the high impact speed. Since the impact force is concentrated on the vehicle to which the collision is applied, it may be appropriate to apply a deformation tube with different characteristics depending on the vehicle location.

News personalization for peace: how algorithmic recommendations can impact conflict coverage

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariella Bastian ◽  
Mykola Makhortykh ◽  
Tom Dobber
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
System Design ◽  
News Media ◽  
Content Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Constructive Conflict ◽  
Peace Journalism ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
War Reporting

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for assessing what are the possibilities and pitfalls of using algorithmic systems of news personalization – i.e. the tailoring of individualized news feeds based on users’ information preferences – for constructive conflict coverage in the context of peace journalism, a journalistic paradigm calling for more diversified and creative war reporting.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a critical review of existing research on peace journalism and algorithmic news personalization, and analyzes the intersections between the two concepts. Specifically, it identifies recurring pitfalls of peace journalism based on empirical research on constructive conflict coverage and then introduces a conceptual framework for analyzing to what degree these pitfalls can be mediated – or worsened – through algorithmic system design.FindingsThe findings suggest that AI-driven distribution technologies can facilitate constructive war reporting, in particular by countering the effects of journalists’ self-censorship and by diversifying conflict coverage. The implementation of these goals, however, depends on multiple system design solutions, thus resonating with current calls for more responsible and value-sensitive algorithmic design in the domain of news media. Additionally, our observations emphasize the importance of developing new algorithmic literacies among journalists both to realize the positive potential of AI for promoting peace and to increase the awareness of possible negative impacts of new systems of content distribution.Originality/valueThe article particle is the first to provide a comprehensive conceptualization of the impact of new content distribution techniques on constructive conflict coverage in the context of peace journalism. It also offers a novel conceptual framing for assessing the impact of algorithmic news personalization on reporting traumatic and polarizing events, such as wars and violence.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a 1 MW, 250 kW-hr Battery Energy Storage System for Grid Services for the Island of Hawaii

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Stein ◽  
Moe Tun ◽  
Keith Musser ◽  
Richard Rocheleau
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Utility Company ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
The Impact

Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are being deployed on electrical grids in significant numbers to provide fast-response services. These systems are normally procured by the end user, such as a utility grid owner or independent power producer. This paper introduces a novel research project in which a research institution has purchased a 1 MW BESS and turned ownership over to a utility company under an agreement that allowed the institution to perform experimentation and data collection on the grid for a multi-year period. This arrangement, along with protocols governing experimentation, has created a unique research opportunity to actively and systematically test the impact of a BESS on a live island grid. The 2012 installation and commissioning of the BESS was facilitated by a partnership between the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) and the utility owner, the Hawaiian Electric and Light Company (HELCO). After the test period ended, HELCO continued to allow data collection (including health testing). In 2018, after 8500 equivalent cycles, the BESS continues to operate within specifications. HNEI continues to provide HELCO with expertise to aid with diagnostics as needed. Details about the BESS design, installation, experimental protocols, initial results, and lessons learned are presented in this paper.

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