Computational Design Method to Control Touch Feeling of Mattress With Geometric Surface-Shape

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Nishio ◽  
Atsushi Sakuma
Keyword(s):  
Contact Problem ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Foam Material ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Softness Parameter ◽  
Contact Part

Abstract Foam material is one of the ingredients that are frequently used for controlling of touch feeling on the contacting part of various products like bed mattresses. For better sleep, it is necessary to design to control the touch feeling of the mattresses. Touch feeling depends on various properties of the foam material, and the shape characteristics of the contact part also give humans various and complicated feelings. According to previous studies, it was possible to easily quantify the physical properties of foam materials by using indentation test. Furthermore, it is necessary to analyze the change in touch feeling due to the shape of contact part of foams for better mattress design. Therefore, in this report, the purpose is to analyze the contact problem including the material property and the shape property of the foam material. A new softness parameter was created by analyzing the contact problem using FEM analysis. Specifically, it is report a design technology based on multiple parameters of tactile sensation that change depending on the shape of the contact part of the foam material.

A Framework for Component Layout and Geometry Design of Mechanical Systems: Configuration Network and its Viewing Control

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kikuo Fujita ◽  
Shinsuke Akagi
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Design System ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Programming Technique ◽  
Geometry Design ◽  
Component Layout

Abstract A Framework of computational design method and model is proposed for layout and geometry design of complicated mechanical systems, which is named “configuration network and its viewing control”. In the method, a design object is represented with a set of declarative relationships among various elements of a system, that is, configurations, which is gradually extended from schematic structure to exact layout and geometry through design process. Since a whole of such configurations forms a too complicated network to compute all together, how to view subparts is controlled based on levels of granularity and width of scope range. Such a configuration network is made to grow and refined through embodying geometry and layout corresponding to a focused subpart with a numerical optimization procedure. The framework has also an ability to flexibly integrate with engineering analysis. Moreover, a design system is implemented with an object-oriented programming technique, and it is applied to a design problem of air conditioner units in order to show the validity and effectiveness of the framework.

Computational Design for Digitally Fabricated 3D Inductive Power Transfer Coils

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Jun Xu ◽  
Eugeni L. Doubrovski ◽  
Jo Geraedts ◽  
Yu Song
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Receiver Coil ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Coil Design ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Inductive Power Transfer ◽  
Transmitter Coil ◽  
Inductive Power

Abstract The geometric shapes and the relative position of coils influence the performance of a three-dimensional (3D) inductive power transfer system. In this paper, we propose a coil design method for specifying the positions and the shapes of a pair of coils to transmit the desired power in 3D. Given region of interests (ROIs) for designing the transmitter and the receiver coils on two surfaces, the transmitter coil is generated around the center of its ROI first. The center of the receiver coil is estimated as a random seed position in the corresponding 3D surface. At this position, we use the heatmap method with electromagnetic constraints to iteratively extend the coil until the desired power can be transferred via the set of coils. In each step, the shape of the extension, i.e. a new turn of the receiver coil, is found as a spiral curve based on the convex hulls of adjacent turns in the 2D projection plane along their normal direction. Then, the optimal position of the receiver coil is found by maximizing the efficiency of the system. In the next step, the position and the shape of the transmitter coil are optimized based on the fixed receiver coil using the same method. This zig-zag optimization process iterates until an optimum is reached. Simulations and experiments with digitally fabricated prototypes were conducted and the effectiveness of the proposed 3D coil design method was verified. Possible future research directions are highlighted well.

scholarly journals Multistate design of influenza antibodies improves affinity and breadth against seasonal viruses

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 1597-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Sevy ◽  
Nicholas C. Wu ◽  
Iuliia M. Gilchuk ◽  
Erica H. Parrish ◽  
Sebastian Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Large Panels ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Large Panel ◽  
Ha Protein

Influenza is a yearly threat to global public health. Rapid changes in influenza surface proteins resulting from antigenic drift and shift events make it difficult to readily identify antibodies with broadly neutralizing activity against different influenza subtypes with high frequency, specifically antibodies targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) on influenza HA protein. We developed an optimized computational design method that is able to optimize an antibody for recognition of large panels of antigens. To demonstrate the utility of this multistate design method, we used it to redesign an antiinfluenza antibody against a large panel of more than 500 seasonal HA antigens of the H1 subtype. As a proof of concept, we tested this method on a variety of known antiinfluenza antibodies and identified those that could be improved computationally. We generated redesigned variants of antibody C05 to the HA RBD and experimentally characterized variants that exhibited improved breadth and affinity against our panel. C05 mutants exhibited improved affinity for three of the subtypes used in design by stabilizing the CDRH3 loop and creating favorable electrostatic interactions with the antigen. These mutants possess increased breadth and affinity of binding while maintaining high-affinity binding to existing targets, surpassing a major limitation up to this point.

Indentation Tests Based on Gelatin Phantom

2013 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 386-390
Author(s):  
Lei Song ◽  
Tong Su ◽  
Li Ying Gao ◽  
Qin He Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Fem Model ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Viscoelastic Characteristics

In order to improve the accuracy of biopsy, an accurate FEM model is quite essential. To get the coefficients of the puncture target material which will be used in the Abaqus FEM analysis, the paper performed indentation test on gelatin phantom which is more stable than normal biological tissue. The Neo-Hookean and the improved Kelvin constitutive model were used to describe the mechanical properties of gelatin phantom demonstrated in the tests, including the hyperelastic and viscoelastic characteristics, then least squares method was used to fit the experimental data, finally the parameters of each constitutive model were achieved, which will be used to establish the material model in the further Abaqus FEM simulation.

Designing Optimal Origami Structures by Computational Evolutionary Embryogeny

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Daniel A. McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Pattern Design ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Evolutionary Operators ◽  
Origami Engineering ◽  
Profile Position

As the advantages of foldable or deployable structures are being discovered, research into origami engineering has attracted more focus from both artists and engineers. With the aid of modern computer techniques, some computational origami design methods have been developed. Most of these methods focus on the problem of origami crease pattern design — the problem of determining a crease pattern to realize a specified origami final shape, but don’t provide computational solutions to actually developing a shape that meets some design performance criteria. This paper presents a design method that includes the computational design of the finished shape as well as the crease pattern. The origami shape will be designed to satisfy geometric, functional, and foldability requirements. This design method is named computational evolutionary embryogeny for optimal origami design (CEEFOOD), which is an extension of the genetic algorithm (GA) and an original computational evolutionary embryogeny (CEE). Unlike existing origami crease pattern design methods that adopt deductive logic, CEEFOOD implements an abductive approach to progressively evolve an optimal design. This paper presents how CEEFOOD — as a member of the GA family — determines the genetic representation (genotype) of candidate solutions, the formulation of the objective function, and the design of evolutionary operators. This paper gives an origami design problem, which has requirements on the folded-state profile, position of center of mass, and number of creases. Several solutions derived by CEEFOOD are listed and compared to highlight the effectiveness of this abductive design method.

scholarly journals Toward the computational design of protein crystals with improved resolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1015-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeliazko R. Jeliazkov ◽  
Aaron C. Robinson ◽  
Bertrand García-Moreno E. ◽  
James M. Berger ◽  
Jeffrey J. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Protein Backbones ◽  
Crystal Space

Substantial advances have been made in the computational design of protein interfaces over the last 20 years. However, the interfaces targeted by design have typically been stable and high-affinity. Here, we report the development of a generic computational design method to stabilize the weak interactions at crystallographic interfaces. Initially, we analyzed structures reported in the Protein Data Bank to determine whether crystals with more stable interfaces result in higher resolution structures. We found that for 22 variants of a single protein crystallized by a single individual, the Rosetta-calculated `crystal score' correlates with the reported diffraction resolution. We next developed and tested a computational design protocol, seeking to identify point mutations that would improve resolution in a highly stable variant of staphylococcal nuclease (SNase). Using a protocol based on fixed protein backbones, only one of the 11 initial designs crystallized, indicating modeling inaccuracies and forcing us to re-evaluate our strategy. To compensate for slight changes in the local backbone and side-chain environment, we subsequently designed on an ensemble of minimally perturbed protein backbones. Using this strategy, four of the seven designed proteins crystallized. By collecting diffraction data from multiple crystals per design and solving crystal structures, we found that the designed crystals improved the resolution modestly and in unpredictable ways, including altering the crystal space group. Post hoc, in silico analysis of the three observed space groups for SNase showed that the native space group was the lowest scoring for four of six variants (including the wild type), but that resolution did not correlate with crystal score, as it did in the preliminary results. Collectively, our results show that calculated crystal scores can correlate with reported resolution, but that the correlation is absent when the problem is inverted. This outcome suggests that more comprehensive modeling of the crystallographic state is necessary to design high-resolution protein crystals from poorly diffracting crystals.

scholarly journals Computational Simulations of the Anterior Vertebral Surface for Optimal Surgical Instrumentation Design

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Casesnoves
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Grid Data ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Surgical Instrumentation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fitting Model

The engineering design of surgical instrumentation to apply mechanical forces and linear moments on the human bones during the operations constitutes a rather difficult task. This is due both to the natural and pathological irregularities of the human bone morphology and surfaces and also to the individual variations from one patient to another. Usually, the forces are applied by the surgeon only on a determined part of the bone surfaces. This paper describes an innovative computational design method to digitalize, simulate, and fit mathematically the anterior vertebral body facet. We used real experimental data from 17 human cadaveric specimens to get and store a large amount of numerical surface digital values. The complete anterior vertebral body side was visualized and analyzed with grid data Subroutine, which was also used first to select the so-called natural regions of interest (ROIs). These ROIs correspond to those parts of the surface in contact with the surgical instrumentation, where the mechanical forces are applied. Subsequently, a numerical mathematical fitting-model was implemented for these ROIs. This was carried out with the development of a 3D geometrical least-squares optimization algorithm and appropriate software designed according to the proper numerical method selected. In doing so, the 3D superficies equations of the anterior vertebral body (L3, L4, L5, and S1) were determined after these fittings were mathematically checked as appropriate. Statistical parameters and determination coefficients that define the error boundaries and the goodness of this optimal fitting-model were calculated and NURBS error data in similar studies were commented. It was proven that the principal source of error was the micro- and macro-irregularities of human bone facets. The final surface equations, and their geodesics, were used to obtain accurate data for the spinal surgery instrumentation manufacturing. The industrial bioengineering result was the application of these equations for the design of a new spinal vertebral surgical distractor. This innovative distractor separates two adjacent vertebrae while keeping them parallel. That is, at their natural inclination, avoiding hammering the vertebrae to make the intervertebral space wider. The device mechanics also minimizes the necessary force to be carried out by the surgeon during the operation.

Pipeline Design Method Against Large Displacement of Strike-Slip Fault

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita Oda ◽  
Takahiro Ishihara ◽  
Masakatsu Miyajima
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Limit ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Strike Slip Fault ◽  
Large Displacement ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Tensile Direction ◽  
Fault Displacement

This study proposes a method for designing a water pipeline system against fault displacement by incorporating earthquake resistant ductile iron pipes (ERDIPs). An ERDIP pipeline is capable of absorb the large ground displacements that occur during severe earthquakes by movement of its joint (expansion, contraction and deflection) and the use of the joint locking system. Existing ERDIP pipelines have been exposed to several severe earthquakes such as the 1995 Kobe Earthquake and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, and there has been no documentation of their failure in the last 40 years. In the case of a pipeline that crosses a fault, there is the possibility of the occurrence of a local relative displacement between the pipeline and the ground. It is known that an ERDIP pipeline withstands a fault of axial compression direction by past our study. Hence, this present study was targeted at developing a method for designing an ERDIP pipeline that is capable of withstanding a strike-slip fault of axial tensile direction for a pipeline. This was done by FEM analysis wherein the ERDIPs and spring elements were used to model the soil and ERDIP joints. An ERDIP pipeline can accommodate a fault displacement of about 2 m by joint expansion/contraction and deflection, while maintaining the stress in the pipeline within the elastic limit. However, additional countermeasure is required when the fault displacement exceeds 2 m because such could stress the pipeline beyond the elastic limit. The use of large displacement absorption unit is an effective countermeasure for displacements exceeding 2 m. The expansion/contraction capacity of a unit is 10 times that of an ERDIP joint and it is able to absorb a locally-concentrated axial displacement of the pipeline. It was confirmed in the present study that an ERDIP pipeline with large displacement absorption unit, referred to as a large displacement absorption system, could accommodate fault displacement in excess of 2 m within the elastic stress range of the pipeline.

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