Quantitative Evaluation of Indirect Inspection Reliability and Pipeline Reliability Based on Statistical Methods

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Mihell ◽  
David Coleman ◽  
Ryan Sporns
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Voltage Gradient ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Close Interval ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
External Corrosion ◽  
The Impact

To support an External Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA), Indirect Inspections were performed on a 44 km section of NPS 6 extruded polyethylene coated natural gas pipeline. Based on previous investigations of the pipeline, external corrosion defects were known to have occurred at coating holidays. Such holidays can often be detected using current voltage gradient surveys and close interval surveys. Two successive ACVG surveys over the pipeline were preformed. In addition, Close Interval Survey data were considered in order to complete the Indirect Inspection dataset. Statistical analysis methods were developed and employed against the data generated from these surveys so that the following objectives could be met: 1. Assess the reliability of the Indirect Inspection technique in terms of its ability to locate coating holidays and hence, its ability to locate potential corrosion features; and, 2. Assess, in quantitative terms, the reliability of the pipeline in terms of its potential for failure, and quantitatively establish the impact that the Indirect Inspection and dig program had in improving that reliability. In completing the first objective, duplicate survey results were compared with Direct Examination results. The statistical analysis provided a means of estimating technique reliability, which was conservatively estimated at 96%. Subsequent evaluation of factors affecting technique reliability indicated that the density of indications and consistency of applying the Indirect Inspection technique had a bearing on the overall reliability. The second objective was completed by applying the results of the Indirect Inspection reliability study to a statistical analysis of corrosion incidence data and corrosion size distributions that were derived from the Direct Examination data. Pipeline reliability was quantitatively expressed as a function of year of operation and the reliability of the Indirect Inspection technique. For the case examined, the Indirect Inspection techniques that were applied were found to increase pipeline reliability by approximately an order of magnitude.

scholarly journals The Effect of Work Pressures on Decision-Making: An Empirical Study on Al Rajhi Bank in Jeddah for the Period from 2018-2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Malak S. S. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact

This study deals with identifying the impact of work pressures on decision-making, at Al-Rajhi Bank in Jeddah - Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The main objective of this research is to answer the following research questions: - What is the effect of work stress on the decision-making process? To answer these questions, on which the problem is centered, the following scientific hypothesis has been put forward: - There is a statistically significant relationship between work pressures at the bank and decision-making. The descriptive analytical approach was used to describe the phenomenon under study, and the questionnaire was used to collect various data to distribute the questionnaire to the sample members, who numbered (35) employees, to do the statistical analysis for this study. The most important results that came out of the study, the level of work stress among the sample members is considered acceptable. The study also recommended more attention to the human cadre regarding the issue of work stress and the decision-making process, and more research on the effects of different work pressures, as well as other factors affecting the decision-making process.

scholarly journals STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MARIANA TRENCH GEOMORPHOLOGY USING R PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Lemenkova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Mariana Trench ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
R Programming Language ◽  
R Programming ◽  
The Impact

This paper introduces an application of R programming language for geostatistical data processing with a case study of the Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean. The formation of the Mariana Trench, the deepest among all hadal oceanic depth trenches, is caused by complex and diverse geomorphic factors affecting its development. Mariana Trench crosses four tectonic plates: Mariana, Caroline, Pacific and Philippine. The impact of the geographic location and geological factors on its geomorphology has been studied by methods of statistical analysis and data visualization using R libraries. The methodology includes following steps. Firstly, vector thematic data were processed in QGIS: tectonics, bathymetry, geomorphology and geology. Secondly, 25 cross-section profiles were drawn across the trench. The length of each profile is 1000-km. The attribute information has been derived from each profile and stored in a table containing coordinates, depths and thematic information. Finally, this table was processed by methods of the statistical analysis on R. The programming codes and graphical results are presented. The results include geospatial comparative analysis and estimated effects of the data distribution by tectonic plates: slope angle, igneous volcanic areas and depths. The innovativeness of this paper consists in a cross-disciplinary approach combining GIS, statistical analysis and R programming.

Evaluation of Wireless Tools for Determining Contact Status Between a Casing and the Carrier Pipe

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengmei Song ◽  
John McFarland ◽  
Xihua He
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Voltage Gradient ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Close Interval ◽  
Ac Current ◽  
External Corrosion

For more than half a century, cased crossings have been used to support oil and gas steel pipes for crossing highways, railways, or rivers. Leaks or ruptures of cased crossings have occurred that resulted in casualties and property damage. Unlike uncased pipes buried in soils, which can be assessed for external corrosion directly and indirectly, the presence of a steel casing wall makes it challenging, even if possible, to conduct these assessments. The effect of the casing wall on the external corrosion of the carrier pipe inside the annulus is not well understood; it is unclear what tools can be used to effectively inspect the cased pipes. Empirical experience from the pipeline industry has shown that a few tools can be used to detect the contact status between a casing and the carrier pipe, which can help assess the severity of the carrier pipe external corrosion. Unfortunately, the criteria used to detect a contact status vary by user for the same tool and thus, the effectiveness of these criteria is uncertain. This paper reports results from a recent study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of AC current attenuation, AC voltage gradient, and close interval (potential) survey as tools for detecting the contact status between a casing and the carrier pipe.

Reliability-Based Evaluation of Pipelines Using Above Ground Inspection Methods for External Corrosion

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark K. Fuglem ◽  
Mark J. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Special Consideration ◽  
Voltage Gradient ◽  
Direct Voltage ◽  
Close Interval ◽  
Ac Current ◽  
External Corrosion

Above ground inspection methods such as Close Interval, AC Current Attenuation, Direct Voltage Gradient and Pearson surveys are often employed to examine pipelines for external corrosion, especially when in-line inspection and hydrotesting are not feasible. Compared to in-line inspection, these methods can be superior in identifying general areas of corrosion, however, they generally have a higher probability of missing significant defects. This paper examines the use of quantitative reliability-based methods for assessing the integrity of pipelines that have been inspected using above ground methods where these inspections are followed up by a selective excavation and defect sizing process. Special consideration is given to the inference of the size distribution of undetected defects when the number of detected defects is small.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of the Mariana Trench Geomorphology Using R Programming Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Lemenkova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Mariana Trench ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
R Programming Language ◽  
R Programming ◽  
The Impact

This paper introduces an application of R programming language for geostatistical data processing with a case study of the Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean. The formation of the Mariana Trench, the deepest among all hadal oceanic depth trenches, is caused by complex and diverse geomorphic factors affecting its development. Mariana Trench crosses four tectonic plates: Mariana, Caroline, Pacific and Philippine. The impact of the geographic location and geological factors on its geomorphology has been studied by methods of statistical analysis and data visualization using R libraries. The methodology includes following steps. Firstly, vector thematic data were processed in QGIS: tectonics, bathymetry, geomorphology and geology. Secondly, 25 cross-section profiles were drawn across the trench. The length of each profile is 1000-km. The attribute information has been derived from each profile and stored in a table containing coordinates, depths and thematic information. Finally, this table was processed by methods of the statistical analysis on R. The programming codes and graphical results are presented. The results include geospatial comparative analysis and estimated effects of the data distribution by tectonic plates: slope angle, igneous volcanic areas and depths. The innovativeness of this paper consists in a cross-disciplinary approach combining GIS, statistical analysis and R programming.

scholarly journals Measurement of Uncertainty Costs with Dynamic Traffic Simulations

2008 ◽  
Vol 2085 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Marchal ◽  
André de Palma
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Dynamic Traffic ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Utility Loss ◽  
The Impact

Nonrecurrent congestion in transportation networks occurs as a consequence of stochastic factors affecting demand and supply. Intelligent transportation systems such as advanced traveler information systems and advanced traffic management systems are designed to reduce the impacts of nonrecurrent congestion by providing information to a fraction of users or by controlling the variability of traffic flows. For these reasons, the design of these systems requires a reliable forecast of nonrecurrent congestion. A new method is proposed to measure the impacts of nonrecurrent congestion on travel costs by taking risk aversion into account. The traffic model is based on the dynamic traffic simulation model METROPOLIS. Incidents are generated randomly by reducing the capacity of the network. Users can instantaneously adapt to the unexpected travel conditions or can also change their behavior through a day-to-day adjustment process. Comparisons with incident-free simulations provide a benchmark for potential travel time savings that can be brought about by a state-of-the-art information system. The impact of variable travel conditions is measured by describing the willingness to pay to avoid risky or unreliable journeys. Indeed, for risk-averse drivers, any uncertainty corresponds to a utility loss. This utility loss is computed for several levels of network disruption. The main result of the study is that the utility loss due to uncertainty is of the same order of magnitude as the total travel costs.

scholarly journals A Road Safety-Based Selection Methodology for Professional Drivers: Behaviour and Accident Rate Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12487
Author(s):  
Jurijus Zaranka ◽  
Robertas Pečeliūnas ◽  
Vidas Žuraulis
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Professional Drivers ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Road Users ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Selection Methodology ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we examine the factors affecting the behaviour of road users and the impact of these factors on professional drivers’ reliability and performance. A professional driver is considered as a driver involved in the processes of driving a vehicle as a matter of his/her business or the transportation of passengers or goods by bus or lorry, with higher liability in terms of road safety and requiring a higher degree of maintained attentiveness, constant concentration, and working capacity. This article highlights the process of selecting a professional driver by focusing on the driver’s individual and psychophysiological characteristics. An anonymous survey on professional drivers and a statistical analysis of the accidents caused by professional drivers was used to research the impact of fatigue on the behaviour of road users. The conducted statistical analysis demonstrates that the amount of professional driving experience most conducive to driving a vehicle safely was observed at between 29 and 33 years of experience. It was also found that a higher probability of causing an accident after rest days is related to the driver’s long period of engagement at work and inadequate rest. This study demonstrates that specific requirements should be applied to the methodologies for selecting professional drivers, the research on the reliability of which aims to develop a concept that enables opting for those drivers able to properly perform hired work, causing minimal losses due to road accidents.

DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN FISKAL TERHADAP KINERJA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI SULAWESI TENGGARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
La Ode Jabuddin ◽  
Ayub M Padangaran ◽  
Azhar Bafadal Bafadal
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Historical Simulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Expenditure

This study aims to: (1) Knowing the dynamics of fiscal policy and the performance of the agricultural sector, (2) Analyze the factors that influence fiscal policy and the performance                   of the agricultural sector, and (3) Analyzing the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector. The data used in this study were pooled 2005-2013 data in the aggregate. Econometric model the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector is built in the form of simultaneous equations, consisting of 7 equations with 25 total variables in the model, 7 endogenous variables, 12 exogenous variables, and 6 variables lag. The model is estimated by 2SLS method SYSLIN procedures and historical simulation with SIMNLIN procedure.The results showed that: (1) The development of fiscal policy in Southeast Sulawesi from year to year tends to increase, (2) The performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect of GDP has decreased, from the aspect of labor is still consistent, in terms of investment to grow positively, and assign roles which means to decrease the number of poor people, (3) factors affecting fiscal policy is local revenues, equalization funds, other revenues, as well as the lag fiscal policy, (4) the factors that affect the performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect GDP is labor, direct expenditure and GDP lag; from the aspect of labor is the total labor force, investment, land area, direct expenditure, as well as the lag of labor; from the aspect of investment is influenced by GDP per capita, land area, interest rates and investment lag; as well as from the aspect of poor people, are affected by population, investments, direct expenditure and poverty lag, (5). Fiscal policy impact on the agricultural sector GDP increase, a decrease in the number of poor, declining agricultural laborers, and a decrease in the amount of investment in the agricultural sector.Keywords: Fiscal policy, the performance of the agricultural sector, the simultaneous equations

Assessment of small businesses activities in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Igor Ponomarenko ◽  
Kateryna Volovnenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The subject of the research is a set of approaches to the statistical analysis ofthe activities of small business entities in Ukraine, including micro-enterprises. The purpose of writing this article is to study of the features of functioningof small business entities in Ukraine. Methodology. The research methodology isto use a system-structural and comparative analysis (to study the change in thenumber of small enterprises by major components); monographic (when studyingmethods of statistical analysis of small businesses); economic analysis (when assessing the impact of small business entities on socio-economic phenomena andprocesses in Ukraine). The scientific novelty consists to determine the features ofthe functioning of small businesses in Ukraine in modern conditions. The influenceof the activities of the main socio-economic and political indicators on the activities of small enterprises in recent periods of time has been identified. It has beenestablished that there is flexibility in the development of strategies by small businesses in conditions of significant competition, which makes it possible to quicklyrespond to changing situations in specific markets. Conclusions. The use of acomprehensive statistical analysis of small businesses functioning in Ukraine willallow government agencies to develop a set of measures to optimize the activitiesof these enterprises, which ultimately will positively affect the strengthening oftheir competitiveness and will contribute to the growth of the national economicsystem.

Effects of Quarantine Due to the COVID-19 on Sleep Duration and Quality in Algerians

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-193
Author(s):  
Kacem Abdelhadi ◽  
Houar Abdelatif ◽  
Zerf Mohamed ◽  
Bengoua Ali
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Algerian Population ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThis study tests the impact of COVID-19 on sleep of Algerian population before and during the COVID-19 quarantine by an estimated online survey, adapted from the PSQI Italian version. Including 1210 participants (age between 18-60 years old). The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22.0 software. Our results showed a significant change in sleeping quality during quarantine, the sleep timing markedly changed, we also noticed additional use of sleeping medications. Algerian scientists recommend to build public awareness and to provide necessary information regarding Algerian sleep quality, especially for Algerian adults.

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