Hardisty Cavern Storage Facility: Maximizing Process Equipment Utilization Through Innovative Automation Techniques

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Neufeld ◽  
Bruce A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Process Philosophy ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Salt Caverns

The Hardisty Cavern Facility at Hardisty, Alberta — consists of four underground salt caverns totalling 3.0 million barrels of petroleum products storage — was recently completed. This project is unique in that it integrates existing underground salt caverns into a significant North American crude oil transportation hub. Approximately 400 million barrels of oil move through this hub annually. This project utilizes existing caverns developed in the late 1960’s with significant upgrades and new infrastructure to integrate the Hardisty Cavern Facility into the crude oil transportation hub. This paper discusses the automation related innovations implemented and the challenges encountered during the course of the project. One example of innovation involves utilizing a single variable frequency drive (VFD) to perform multiple functions. Due to process requirements, the VFD was required to operate one or two cavern injection pumps. Electrical power grid constraints dictated that the VFD be used for starting and stopping the 1500 horsepower (1119 kW) pump motors. Process conditions also required that the pump motor loads be automatically transferred from VFD to the utility power grid without interruption to production. Operational flexibility was another key component of the facility automation requirements. Storage requirements for multiple petroleum products necessitated operator-selectable flow paths within the automation system. In addition, flexibility, safety, efficiency and maintainability requirements resulted in a distributed process philosophy across three separate process areas.

Design and Construction of Pipeline Integrated Oil Storage Caverns

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Broyles ◽  
Paul Dusseault ◽  
Frank Vanden Elsen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Control Centre ◽  
Salt Caverns ◽  
Design And Construction ◽  
Storage Facilities

In response to industry demand, Hardisty Caverns Limited Partnership (HCLP) has developed cost effective underground storage facilities with a capacity to store 480,000 m3 (3 million barrels) of crude oil. This project is unique through the integration of existing underground salt caverns into a significant North American crude oil transportation hub. Annually, 64 million cubic meters (400 million barrels) of oil move through this hub. This project utilizes existing caverns developed in the late 1960’s. Significant work was required to upgrade the cavern facilities and to construct new surface facilities to integrate the caverns into the crude oil transportation hub. Remote operation of the facility is performed from a control centre in Edmonton. In this paper, the key features of the design and construction of the Hardisty Cavern Storage Project will be presented. Of particular interest are the unique challenges presented due to hydraulic considerations related to cavern operation with multiple product characteristics and to provide crude oil movements exchanges between the cavern storage facilities and both low flow rate feeder pipelines and high flow rate transportation pipelines.

Energetic properties of peat saturated with petroleum products

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
E. S. Dremicheva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Initial Sample

This paper presents a method of sorption using peat for elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and the possibility of energy use of oil-saturated peat. The results of assessment of the sorbent capacity of peat are presented, with waste motor oil and diesel fuel chosen as petroleum products. Natural peat has been found to possess sorption properties in relation to petroleum products. The sorbent capacity of peat can be observed from the first minutes of contact with motor oil and diesel fuel, and significantly depends on their viscosity. For the evaluation of thermal properties of peat saturated with petroleum products, experimental studies have been conducted on determination of moisture and ash content of as-fired fuel. It is shown that adsorbed oil increases the moisture and ash content of peat in comparison with the initial sample. Therefore, when intended for energy use, peat saturated with petroleum products is to be subjected to additional drying. Simulation of net calorific value has been performed based on the calorific values of peat and petroleum products with different ratios of petroleum product content in peat and for a saturated peat sample. The obtained results are compared with those of experiments conducted in a calorimetric bomb and recalculated for net calorific value. A satisfactory discrepancy is obtained, which amounts to about 12%. Options have been considered providing for combustion of saturated peat as fuel (burnt per se and combined with a solid fuel) and processing it to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Peat can be used to solve environmental problems of elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and as an additional resource in solving the problem of finding affordable energy.

Software including the functions of automated analysis of electric power consumption in pipeline oil transportation

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
R.M. Bogdanov ◽  
S.V. Lukin
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Electric Power Consumption ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Relational Data Model ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Oil and petroleum products transportation is characterized by a significant cost of electric power. Correct oil and petroleum products accounting and forecasting requires knowledge of many factors. The software for norms of electric power consumption analysis for the planned period was developed at the Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Based on the principles of the relational data model, a schematic diagram/arrangement for the main oil transportation objects was developed, which allows to hold the initial data and calculated parameters in a structured manner.

scholarly journals Voltage Stability of Power Systems with Renewable-Energy Inverter-Based Generators: A Review

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Nasser Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Asma Aziz ◽  
Apel Mahmud ◽  
Ameen Gargoom ◽  
Mahbub Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Synchronous Generators

The main purpose of developing microgrids (MGs) is to facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into the power grid. RESs are normally connected to the grid via power electronic inverters. As various types of RESs are increasingly being connected to the electrical power grid, power systems of the near future will have more inverter-based generators (IBGs) instead of synchronous machines. Since IBGs have significant differences in their characteristics compared to synchronous generators (SGs), particularly concerning their inertia and capability to provide reactive power, their impacts on the system dynamics are different compared to SGs. In particular, system stability analysis will require new approaches. As such, research is currently being conducted on the stability of power systems with the inclusion of IBGs. This review article is intended to be a preface to the Special Issue on Voltage Stability of Microgrids in Power Systems. It presents a comprehensive review of the literature on voltage stability of power systems with a relatively high percentage of IBGs in the generation mix of the system. As the research is developing rapidly in this field, it is understood that by the time that this article is published, and further in the future, there will be many more new developments in this area. Certainly, other articles in this special issue will highlight some other important aspects of the voltage stability of microgrids.

Analyzing the connectedness between crude oil and petroleum products: Evidence from USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviral Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Suleman ◽  
Subhan Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Shahbaz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Products

Situational awareness for the electrical power grid

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 10:1-10:11 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Basu ◽  
M. Padmanaban ◽  
S. Guillon ◽  
L. Cauchon ◽  
M. De Montigny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Electrical Power

scholarly journals A Need for Investment in Nigerian Crude Oil Refining and Infrastructures: A Panacea to Refined Petroleum Shortages and Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucky Itsekor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Petroleum Refineries

Despite the abundance of occurring natural crude oil resources, Nigeria continually suffers shortages of refined petroleum products, which undermines economic development of the country. The purpose of this multicase study was to explore the strategic role of how investment in petroleum refineries and infrastructures can improve supply and hence mitigate shortages or scarcity of refined petroleum products in the petroleum supply chain and enhance economic development in Nigeria. The research participants comprise of ten senior leaders from two private-sector Nigerian downstream petroleum supply companies located in the Niger Delta region, who had effectively implemented strategies for petroleum supply. The conceptual framework for the study was the resource based view theory. Data were collected through semistructured face-to-face interviews and review of operational and policy documents from the supply or marketing petroleum companies. Data were transcribed, analyzed, and validated through member checking and triangulation. The discoveries indicate the need to establish more refineries, privatize the existing moribund refineries, and build more infrastructures in Nigeria. Findings may be used by petroleum leaders and investors to optimize available crude oil natural resources, and to create investment strategies in the petroleum supply chain, leading to product availability, sustainability, poverty reduction, and economic development in Nigeria.  

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