A Need for Investment in Nigerian Crude Oil Refining and Infrastructures: A Panacea to Refined Petroleum Shortages and Economic Growth

Despite the abundance of occurring natural crude oil resources, Nigeria continually suffers shortages of refined petroleum products, which undermines economic development of the country. The purpose of this multicase study was to explore the strategic role of how investment in petroleum refineries and infrastructures can improve supply and hence mitigate shortages or scarcity of refined petroleum products in the petroleum supply chain and enhance economic development in Nigeria. The research participants comprise of ten senior leaders from two private-sector Nigerian downstream petroleum supply companies located in the Niger Delta region, who had effectively implemented strategies for petroleum supply. The conceptual framework for the study was the resource based view theory. Data were collected through semistructured face-to-face interviews and review of operational and policy documents from the supply or marketing petroleum companies. Data were transcribed, analyzed, and validated through member checking and triangulation. The discoveries indicate the need to establish more refineries, privatize the existing moribund refineries, and build more infrastructures in Nigeria. Findings may be used by petroleum leaders and investors to optimize available crude oil natural resources, and to create investment strategies in the petroleum supply chain, leading to product availability, sustainability, poverty reduction, and economic development in Nigeria.

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Efficient Financing, Banking, and Foreign Exchange Operations in Mitigating Refined Petroleum Shortages In Nigerian Downstream Petroleum Supply Industry

Global Journal of Management and Business Research ◽

10.34257/gjmbrcvol19is2pg1 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Dr. Itsekor Lucky Ubini

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Foreign Exchange ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Study Data ◽

Letter Of Credit ◽

Product Availability ◽

Niger Delta Region ◽

Strategic Role

Eve ry enterprise in Nigeria depends on refined petroleum product for either transportation, power, or heat source.The recurrent shortages or scarcity of petroleum products in Nigeria cripples business activities, which undermines the development of the economy. The purpose of this multiple case study was to identify the strategic role of finance, banks, and foreign exchange in mitigating petroleum shortages in the petroleum supply chain and to sustain business development in Nigeria. The study participants include ten senior leaders from two private-sector Nigerian downstream petroleum supply companies located in the Niger Delta region, who had successfully implemented strategies for petroleum supply. The resource based view theory served as the conceptual framework for the study. Data were collected through semi structured face-to-face interviews and review of operational and policy documents from the supply or marketing companies. Data were transcribed, analyzed, and validated through member checking and triangulation. The findings indicate that petroleum leaders must engage with efficient banks to obtain loans or letter of credit, liquidate letter of credit on time, obtain foreign exchange at best rates, and avoid documentation hitches and delays on international transactions.Findings may be used by petroleum business leaders and investors to create effective and efficient financial resource management strategies in the supply chain, leading to product availability, sustainability, poverty reduction, and economic development.

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Application of Technology in Mitigating Refined Petroleum Shortages in the Nigerian Downstream Petroleum Supply Industry

International Journal of Business and Applied Social Science ◽

10.33642/ijbass.v5n2p1 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-13

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Technology Application ◽

Product Availability ◽

Tank Farm ◽

Strategic Role

Nigeria operates a petroleum-based economy but suffers refined product shortages. The continual shortages or scarcity of refined petroleum products cripples business activities, which undermines the development of the Nigerian economy. The purpose of this multiple case study was to identify the strategic role of technology application in mitigating petroleum shortages in the petroleum supply chain and to sustain business development in Nigeria. The research participants include ten senior leaders from two private-sector Nigerian downstream petroleum supply companies located in the Niger Delta region, who had successfully implemented strategies for petroleum supply. The conceptual framework for the research was the resource based view theory. Data collection was through semi structured face-to-face interviews and review of company’s operational and policy documents. Data validation was through member checking and triangulation, after transcription and analysis. The findings indicate that the oil and gas industry is technologically driven, and for efficiency and effectiveness of supply, petroleum leaders should apply required technology in all segment of the supply chain; (operations) vessel or marine, discharge operations, tank farm operations, logistics, and retail outlets, (no operations) administration, sales, safety, IT, finance, and marketing. Findings may be used by petroleum business leaders and investors to create effective and efficient technological resource management strategies in the supply chain, leading to product availability, sustainability, poverty reduction, and economic development.

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Not All Micro-Loans Were Created Equal: The Effect of Supply Chain Location on Micro-Lending

The American Economist ◽

10.1177/056943451105600209 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 69-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aaron Cooke

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Supply Chain ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Small Scale ◽

Production Chain ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Development Professionals

The positive effects of micro-loans on the impoverished has become veritable gospel to economic development professionals. Pioneered by Muhammed Yunus in the 1970s, the concept of making small loans to groups of poor entrepreneurs has become a mainstream tool of development and poverty reduction agents around the globe. However, little research has been done at this time into the microeconomic mechanics of small scale finance, especially the different outcomes of the loan depending on what sector of the economy the debtor is engaged in. A simulation designed to pursue further understanding of this subject, and conducted in partnership with Opportunity International, a micro-finance NGO, and the Westmont Investment Club, reveals whether different outcomes of a micro-loan were caused by a debtor's location in the production chain.

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Cluster model of supply chains management and development of transport-logistics infrastructure

Transportation Management ◽

10.24294/tm.v1i3.798 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Аntonyuk Victor S 1 ◽

Smerichevska Svitlana V 2 ◽

Remyha Yuliia S 3

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Supply Chain ◽

Supply Chains ◽

Value Added ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Effective Form ◽

Management And Development ◽

Strategic Role ◽

World Economic ◽

Transport Logistics

The article focuses on the strategic role and peculiarities of the cluster innovative structures formation for ensuring competitiveness and economic development. Based on the generalization of the cluster theory evolution and taking into account the current state of the world economic development, the expediency of a new fundamentally approach to the formation and development of clusters as an effective form of supply chain management and ensuring their competitiveness have been substantiated. The place of clusters infrastructure type in the supply chains management has been determined. The characteristic of modern properties, strategic role, goals and priority tasks of transport-logistics clusters of an innovative type in providing the transport-logistic infrastructure development and formation of perfect supply chains have been presented. The systematic presentation presents the advantages, disadvantages, and risks of cluster organizational management forms and their impact on the competitiveness of supply chains. The efficiency of cluster structures has been analyzed. The directions and sources for obtaining synergistic effect from the interaction of supply chain participants in cluster structures have been determined. The probability of obtaining the “value added” effect in cluster structures has been proved. The strategic prospects of transport-logistics clusters development in Ukraine have been determined.

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Energetic properties of peat saturated with petroleum products

Safety and Reliability of Power Industry ◽

10.24223/1999-5555-2020-13-2-105-109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 105-109

Author(s):

E. S. Dremicheva

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Energy Use ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Ash Content ◽

Motor Oil ◽

Initial Sample

This paper presents a method of sorption using peat for elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and the possibility of energy use of oil-saturated peat. The results of assessment of the sorbent capacity of peat are presented, with waste motor oil and diesel fuel chosen as petroleum products. Natural peat has been found to possess sorption properties in relation to petroleum products. The sorbent capacity of peat can be observed from the first minutes of contact with motor oil and diesel fuel, and significantly depends on their viscosity. For the evaluation of thermal properties of peat saturated with petroleum products, experimental studies have been conducted on determination of moisture and ash content of as-fired fuel. It is shown that adsorbed oil increases the moisture and ash content of peat in comparison with the initial sample. Therefore, when intended for energy use, peat saturated with petroleum products is to be subjected to additional drying. Simulation of net calorific value has been performed based on the calorific values of peat and petroleum products with different ratios of petroleum product content in peat and for a saturated peat sample. The obtained results are compared with those of experiments conducted in a calorimetric bomb and recalculated for net calorific value. A satisfactory discrepancy is obtained, which amounts to about 12%. Options have been considered providing for combustion of saturated peat as fuel (burnt per se and combined with a solid fuel) and processing it to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Peat can be used to solve environmental problems of elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and as an additional resource in solving the problem of finding affordable energy.

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Remittance and Economic Development of Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽

10.3126/pragya.v5i1.30475 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 196-208

Author(s):

Badri Narayan Sah

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Household Income ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Economic Status ◽

Poverty Rate ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Gulf Countries ◽

The World ◽

Internal Sources ◽

Sources Of Capital

Nepal is one of the least developed but high remittances recipient countries in the world. Nepal received remittance from US$ 8.1 billion in 2016 and it is ranked 23rd among the remittance receiving countries in the world. Remittance income is one of the major sources of capital formation in the context of Nepal. It is directly related with the labour migration in a country which in return enhances foreign employment. Remittances have become a major contributing factor to increasing household income as well as country’s GDP. About 30 percent of Nepal’s GDP comes in the form of remittance money which is sent home by Nepalese working abroad and it helps to reduce country’s poverty rate. Poverty reduction took place in Nepal from 42 percent (1995/96) to 25.2 percent (2010/11). Nepal’s remittance recipients reached 31.5 percent GDP in 2015. The total amount of remittance in the country is 259 billion and among which 20 percent is internal sources, 11 percent from India and 69 percent from Gulf countries. Remittance received by the households is mainly used for daily consumption (79 percent) and remaining other purposes. Moreover, Nepal’s economic status mostly depends on remittance received which is therefore migration driven economy.

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Polythene Waste Collection and Management as a Tool for Poverty Reduction: Implication for Education and National Security

10.36265/ijired.2019.010237 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 280-287

Author(s):

Adolphus Chukwuemeka Kate N.

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

National Security ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Raw Material ◽

Waste Collection ◽

Collection And Management

It has been discovered that absence of education and security in any society gives room to lawlessness and crises. This paper brings to bare the effect of waste collection and management on poverty reduction. Polythene is a by- product of crude oil. It is otherwise known as polyethylene. The use of polythene in the society is enormous and when poorly managed, constitutes at least 40% of the wastes that accumulate in the municipal. This paper views waste collection and management especially polythene as a tool for reducing poverty in the society. The emergence of recycling industries provided the platform for re-use of polythene materials thereby, making it an industrial raw material for some industries.

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Study of the Effect of Crude Oils on the Metallic Corrosion

Advanced Journal of Graduate Research ◽

10.21467/ajgr.5.1.43-54 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 43-54

Author(s):

Suresh Aluvihara ◽

Jagath K Premachandra

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Sulfur Content ◽

Salt Content ◽

Ferrous Metal ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Crude Oils ◽

Hardness Tester ◽

Corrosion Rates ◽

Ferrous Metals

Corrosion is a severe matter regarding the most of metal using industries such as the crude oil refining. The formation of the oxides, sulfides or hydroxides on the surface of metal due to the chemical reaction between metals and surrounding is the corrosion that highly depended on the corrosive properties of crude oil as well as the chemical composition of ferrous metals since it was expected to investigate the effect of Murban and Das blend crude oils on the rate of corrosion of seven different ferrous metals which are used in the crude oil refining industry and investigate the change in hardness of metals. The sulfur content, acidity and salt content of each crude oil were determined. A series of similar pieces of seven different types of ferrous metals were immersed in each crude oil separately and their rates of corrosion were determined by using their relative weight loss after 15, 30 and 45 days. The corroded metal surfaces were observed under the microscope. The hardness of each metal piece was tested before the immersion in crude oil and after the corrosion with the aid of Vicker’s hardness tester. The metallic concentrations of each crude oil sample were tested using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The Das blend crude oil contained higher sulfur content and acidity than Murban crude oil. Carbon steel metal pieces showed the highest corrosion rates whereas the stainless steel metal pieces showed the least corrosion rates in both crude oils since that found significant Fe and Cu concentrations from some of crude oil samples. The mild steel and the Monel showed relatively intermediate corrosion rates compared to the other types of ferrous metal pieces in both crude oils. There was a slight decrease in the initial hardness of all the ferrous metal pieces due to corrosion.

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