Experimental Setup for Full-Scale Testing of Pipes Under Combined Loads

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istemi F. Ozkan ◽  
Magdi Mohareb
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Combined Loads ◽  
Axial Tensile ◽  
Deformational Behavior ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
The University

A versatile experimental setup was recently built at the University of Ottawa Structural Laboratory with the capability of testing full-scale pipes under load combinations involving axial tensile/compressive force, twist, shear, internal pressure, and imposed bending deformations. This paper presents the innovative aspects of the new experimental setup and documents some aspects of the deformational behavior of pipe specimen of X65 material, 20 in. OD with a diameter to thickness ratio of 80, under the combined action of internal pressure, axial tensile force, torsion, and imposed curvature, which was recently conducted under the new setup. The results reported are part of a testing program, which is currently underway.

Residual Strength of 48-Inch Diameter Corroded Pipe Determined by Full Scale Combined Loading Experiments

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Grigory ◽  
Marina Q. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Residual Strength ◽  
Elastic Shell ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Combined Loads ◽  
Diameter Pipe

To provide a data base for the confirmation of computational and classical residual strength analyses of corroded pipelines subjected to combined loads, full scale experiments of 48-inch diameter pipe sections with artificial corrosion were conducted. Design of the experiments was guided by the prerequisite of testing pipe sections in full scale such that subsequent corrections for the uniform depth and extent of the degraded region, and D/t ratios were not required. The testing and analysis procedures were progressively developed through three distinct phases of the program: 1) one proof of concept experiment performed on smaller diameter pipe with artificial corrosion subjected to internal pressure and axial bending, 2) five 48-inch diameter pipe tests, each with artificial corrosion, subjected to internal pressure and axial bending, and 3) eight 48-inch diameter pipe tests, each with artificial corrosion subjected to pressure, axial bending, and axial compression. Combined loading on the test specimens followed a predetermined path until failure by either rupture or global buckling occurred, while the elastic-plastic load-deflection and large strain behavior was recorded. The uniform depth, axial length, and circumferential length of the degraded region were selected to represent commonly observed general corrosion dimensions found among in-service pipelines, with the maximum and minimum extents reflecting the typical wall loss characteristics at the girth and seam weld locations. The pipe behavior during the experiments and analyses was ultimately modeled and verified by an elastic-shell model capable of defining failure pressure and curvature for a corroded pipe subjected to combined service loads. This paper presents details on the test procedures, specimen preparation and design, and complex data acquisition techniques utilized in the generation of required global and location response information. In addition, significant experimental results from the program which enabled the development and validation of a new procedure for the assessment of corroded pipes under combined loads are reviewed.

Ultra Heavy Wall Linepipe X65: Severe In-Service Straining of Lined Pipes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Di Vito ◽  
Jan Ferino ◽  
Stefano Amato ◽  
Gianluca Mannucci ◽  
Stefano Crippa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Industrial Project ◽  
Axial Tensile ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Element Study

Tenaris and Centro Sviluppo Materiali (CSM) carried out a Joint Industrial Project aimed at developing heavy wall line pipes. The suitability for very severe applications, involving high service pressures and temperatures, the latter causing large strain fluctuations, in presence of an aggressive sour environment, is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally, including small and full pipe models and tests. Five papers have been already presented on this project, in previous OMAE conferences. The present paper focusses on Lined Heavy Wall Pipes for the adoption in presence of extremely aggressive conveyed fluids. As in-service large strains are involved in the JIP envisaged scenarios, the risk of liner buckling is necessarily concerned. To evaluate the suitability of lined heavy pipes in presence of in-service severe straining, a finite element study has been performed aimed at quantifying the limits for pipe deformability without occurrence of liner buckling. Two full scale tests on lined pipe strings have been also performed, imposing the very severe straining sequence previously determined as extreme for pipeline resistance. The sequence has been applied both in pure axial (tensile / compressive) loading and in bending conditions. The latter has been performed in very low internal pressure conditions to conservatively verify the resistance to liner buckling. In both cases, the lined heavy wall pipe resisted the severe straining sequence without any liner buckling, pipe excessive ratcheting or any other damage compromising the serviceability of the pipe.

Computational and experimental studies of the strength of full-scale samples of pipes with defects "metal loss" and "dent with groove"

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Neganov ◽  
◽  
Victor M. Varshitsky ◽  
Andrey A. Belkin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Sufficient Stability ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
The Moment

The article contains the comparative results of the experimental and calculated research of the strength of a pipeline with such defects as “metal loss” and “dent with groove”. Two coils with diameter of 820 mm and the thickness of 9 mm of 19G steel were used for full-scale pipe sample production. One of the coils was intentionally damaged by machining, which resulted in “metal loss” defect, the other one was dented (by press machine) and got groove mark (by chisel). The testing of pipe samples was performed by applying static internal pressure to the moment of collapse. The calculation of deterioration pressure was carried out with the use of national and foreign methodical approaches. The calculated values of collapsing pressure for the pipe with loss of metal mainly coincided with the calculation experiment results based on Russian method and ASME B31G. In case of pipe with dent and groove the calculated value of collapsing pressure demonstrated greater coincidence with Russian method and to a lesser extent with API 579/ASME FFS-1. In whole, all calculation methods demonstrate sufficient stability of results, which provides reliable operation of pipelines with defects.

scholarly journals Novel Design and Position Control Strategy of a Soft Robot Arm

Robotics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Al-Ibadi ◽  
Samia Nefti-Meziani ◽  
Steve Davis ◽  
Theo Theodoridis
Keyword(s):  
Position Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Soft Robot ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Bending Actuator ◽  
Muscle Actuators ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Bending Behaviour

This article presents a novel design of a continuum arm, which has the ability to extend and bend efficiently. Numerous designs and experiments have been done to different dimensions on both types of McKibben pneumatic muscle actuators (PMA) in order to study their performances. The contraction and extension behaviour have been illustrated with single contractor actuators and single extensor actuators, respectively. The tensile force for the contractor actuator and the compressive force for the extensor PMA are thoroughly explained and compared. Furthermore, the bending behaviour has been explained for a single extensor PMA, multi extensor actuators and multi contractor actuators. A two-section continuum arm has been implemented from both types of actuators to achieve multiple operations. Then, a novel construction is proposed to achieve efficient bending behaviour of a single contraction PMA. This novel design of a bending-actuator has been used to modify the presented continuum arm. Two different position control strategies are presented, arising from the results of the modified soft robot arm experiment. A cascaded position control is applied to control the position of the end effector of the soft arm at no load by efficiently controlling the pressure of all the actuators in the continuum arm. A new algorithm is then proposed by distributing the x, y and z-axis to the actuators and applying an effective closed-loop position control to the proposed arm at different load conditions.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Noble gas extraction procedure and performance of the Cologne Helix MC Plus multi-collector noble gas mass spectrometer for cosmogenic neon isotope analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Ritter ◽  
Andreas Vogt ◽  
Tibor J. Dunai
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The University

Abstract. We established a new laboratory for noble gas mass spectrometry that is dedicated for the development and application to cosmogenic nuclides at the University of Cologne (Germany). At the core of the laboratory are a state-of-the-art high mass resolution multicollector Helix MCPlus (Thermo-Fisher) noble gas mass spectrometer and a novel custom-designed automated extraction line. The Mass-spectrometer is equipped with five combined Faraday Multiplier collectors, with 1012 Ω and 1013 Ω pre-amplifiers for faraday collectors. We describe the extraction line and the automized operation procedure for cosmogenic neon and the current performance of the experimental setup. Performance tests were conducted using gas of atmospheric isotopic composition (our primary standard gas); as well as CREU-1 intercomparison material, containing a mixture of neon of atmospheric and cosmogenic composition. We use the results from repeated analysis of CREU-1 to assess the performance of the current experimental setup at Cologne. The precision in determining the abundance of cosmogenic 21Ne is equal or better than those reported for other laboratories. The absolute value we obtain for the concentration of cosmogenic 21Ne in CREU is indistinguishable from the published value.

Failure tests on full-scale models of grout laminated wood decks

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aftab A Mufti ◽  
Baidar Bakht ◽  
Dagmar Svecova ◽  
Vidyadhar Limaye
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
The Third ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Lower Load ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
The University

Grout laminated wood decks (GLWDs), representing the third generation of stressed wood decks, comprise either laminates or logs trimmed to obtain two parallel faces. The logs or laminates, running along the span, are held together by means of transverse internal grout cylinders that may be in either compression or tension. Two full-scale models of GLWD were constructed at Dalhousie University, Halifax, one with grout cylinders in compression and the other with the cylinders in tension. Service load tests conducted in Halifax showed that the former deck had better load distribution characteristics. Two years after the tests in Halifax, the models were shipped to The University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, where they were tested to failure under a central patch load. Because of miscommunication with the supplier, the logs of the GLWD with grout cylinders in compression were also trimmed to the third face that was kept at the bottom of the deck. The failure tests showed that despite its superior load distribution characteristics, the deck with grout cylinders in compression failed at a significantly lower load than the GLWD with cylinders in tension. It is argued that a planar surface in the logs at the flexural tension face not only reduces their flexural stiffness but also brings the defects of wood to the surface with maximum stress. The deck with the flat bottom surface underwent tension failure of the most heavily loaded logs, whereas the deck with the intact round surface of the logs at both top and bottom failed by horizontal splitting of all the logs.Key words: articulated plate, bridge deck, grout laminated deck, orthotropic plate, timber.

Inflation and Compression of Rubber Tubes between Parallel Plates

1971 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1380-1390
Author(s):  
J. M. Charrier ◽  
A. N. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Rubber Tube ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Compression Stiffness ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Different Dimensions

Abstract When a thin-walled rubber tube containing an incompressible fluid is compressed between two parallel plates the internal pressure rise depends on the restraints in the contact regions. When there is no friction in the contact zone the pressure rise is lower than when slip is prevented, so that the tube, regarded as a spring, has a compression stiffness which depends on the frictional conditions. The same considerations apply to the inflation of a tube between fixed parallel plates. In this case unstable inflation sets in at a critical pressure when the interfaces are frictionless; the tube develops a pronounced bulge when this pressure is approached. Simple theoretical relations are derived for the internal pressure and compressive force for both these deformations, and for both boundary conditions, assuming that the rubber is neo-Hookean in elastic behavior. Experimental measurements on tubes of different dimensions are shown to be in reasonably good quantitative agreement with these theoretical predictions in all cases.

Analysis of Jib Strength and Broken Jib Accident of High Pedestal Jib Crane from the Perspective of Mechanics

2012 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 322-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Dun Zeng ◽  
Fang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Solid Model ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Actual Working

According to an example of the broken jib accident of a high pedestal jib crane (HM2564) in a Shipyard Co., Ltd. in Guangdong province, this paper used a finite element software ANSYS to establish a solid model for the jib frame of the crane, calculated the stresses of jib system under various actual working conditions and checked the strengths. Simultaneously, the reasons of broken jib were quantitatively analyzed from the perspective of mechanics. The results show that the strengths of the jib system meet the requirements of safe use under all kinds of working conditions, but the related hoistman incorrectly operated the facility, cables can’t be winded normally in pulleys, thus resulting in that the tensile force of a cable was directly applied on the main jib by pulley spindle and the failure of the jib frame occurred under heavy compressive force of lifting cables.

Numerical investigations of the clinching process and the failure prediction of clinched joints for dissimilar sheets

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110250
Author(s):  
Qihan Li ◽  
Chuanwei Xu ◽  
Song Gao ◽  
Fenglei Ma ◽  
Qingming Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Axial Tensile ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element

The clinching process is more and more used in automotive design and manufacturing. Traditional quality inspection of joints needs a lot of destructive tests, which is time-consuming and material-consuming. In this paper, the clinching process and joints failure of dissimilar materials, 6061 aluminium alloy and HC340/590DP dual-phase steel, are studied. A two-dimensional finite element model is established. Experiments were carried out to verify the numerical model. Through the axial tensile test, the quality of clinched joints for upper steel-lower aluminium alloy and upper aluminium alloy-lower steel were measured, respectively, and the strength and safety of the joints met the requirements of design indexes. The conventional prediction model of maximum tensile force and its modified model was researched. Combined with numerical simulation results, the fracture load, the separation load, and the failure mode of two clinched joints were predicted, respectively. Furthermore, the results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The results show that the modified prediction model of maximum tensile force has a good prediction result, and the error rate is less than 10%. The modified prediction model of maximum tensile force can effectively predict the tensile failure test results, which provides a basis for the quality evaluation and strength prediction optimization of dissimilar materials clinched joints.

scholarly journals FIRE DYNAMICS IN FAÇADE FIRE TESTS, Measurement, modeling and repeatability

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Anderson ◽  
Lars Boström ◽  
Robert Jansson ◽  
Bojan Milovanović
Keyword(s):  
Test Specimen ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Set Up

Presented is a comparison between full-scale façade tests where SP Fire 105 and BS 8414-1 were used regarding repeatability and the use of modelling to discern changes in the set-ups. Results show that the air movements around the test set-up (the wind) may have a significant impact on the tests and that the heat exposure to the façade surface will among other depend on the thickness of the test specimen. Also demonstrated was that good results could be obtained by modelling of the façade fire tests giving us the opportunity to use these methods to determine the effect of a change in the experimental setup.

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