Improving Axle Performance

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Dedmon ◽  
Jay M. Galbraith ◽  
James M. Pilch
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Fretting Corrosion ◽  
Freight Car ◽  
Number Of Cycles

North American freight car axle performance is affected by load and number of cycles, fretting corrosion resistance, mitigation of surface damage and repair practices once damage has occurred. Manufacturers also affect axle performance through chemistry balance, melting practice, forging, and heat treatment and machining techniques. In this investigation, the authors describe several ways axle life has been improved by manufacturers and an assessment of each technique using appropriate analytical methods, including evaluation of mechanical properties and finite element analyses.

ALUMINUM 62S

Alloy Digest ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Magnesium Silicide ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Aluminum Company ◽  
Wrought Aluminum ◽  
Hardening Heat Treatment

Abstract ALUMINUM 62S is a magnesium silicide type of wrought aluminum alloy with high resistance to fresh and salt water corrosion. It responds to age hardening heat treatment for high mechanical properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-11. Producer or source: Aluminum Company of America.

RAFFMETAL EN AB-Al Si7Mg0.3 (EN AB-42100)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Casting Alloy ◽  
Permanent Mold ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Raffmetal EN AB-Al Si7Mg0.3 (EN AB-42100) is a heat-treatable, Al-Si-Mg casting alloy in ingot form for remelting. It is used extensively for producing sand, permanent mold and investment castings for applications requiring a combination of excellent casting characteristics, high strength with good elongation, and good corrosion resistance. This alloy can be produced to a wide range of mechanical properties by making small adjustments to the magnesium content and/or heat treatment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-480. Producer or source: Raffmetal S.p.A.

scholarly journals A Phenomenological Mechanical Material Model for Precipitation Hardening Aluminium Alloys

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Fröck ◽  
Lukas Vincent Kappis ◽  
Michael Reich ◽  
Olaf Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Welding Processes

Age hardening aluminium alloys obtain their strength by forming precipitates. This precipitation-hardened state is often the initial condition for short-term heat treatments, like welding processes or local laser heat treatment to produce tailored heat-treated profiles (THTP). During these heat treatments, the strength-increasing precipitates are dissolved depending on the maximum temperature and the material is softened in these areas. Depending on the temperature path, the mechanical properties differ between heating and cooling at the same temperature. To model this behavior, a phenomenological material model was developed based on the dissolution characteristics and experimental flow curves were developed depending on the current temperature and the maximum temperature. The dissolution characteristics were analyzed by calorimetry. The mechanical properties at different temperatures and peak temperatures were recorded by thermomechanical analysis. The usual phase transformation equations in the Finite Element Method (FEM) code, which were developed for phase transformation in steels, were used to develop a phenomenological model for the mechanical properties as a function of the relevant heat treatment parameters. This material model was implemented for aluminium alloy 6060 T4 in the finite element software LS-DYNA (Livermore Software Technology Corporation).

scholarly journals Influence of Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum-Copper Coating

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 966
Author(s):  
Mieczyslaw Scendo ◽  
Slawomir Spadlo ◽  
Katarzyna Staszewska-Samson ◽  
Piotr Mlynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Acidic Chloride Solution ◽  
Acidic Chloride ◽  
Electrical Discharge Alloying

Influence of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of the aluminum-copper (Al-Cu) coating on the aluminum substrate was investigated. The coating was produced by the electrical discharge alloying (EDA) method. The surface and microstructure of the specimens were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The phase analysis of the composite materials by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) indicated that intermetallic compounds (i.e., CuAl2 and Cu9Al4) were formed through reactions between Al and Cu. during the EDA process. A significant increase in the hardness of the Al-Cu coating was affected by the improvement of the alloy structure. The heat treatment of materials was carried out at 400 °C or 600 °C in the air atmosphere. A corrosion test of materials was carried out by using electrochemical methods. The corrosive environment was acidic chloride solution. After heat treatment at 400 °C the mechanical properties of the Al/Cu alloy increased significantly and the oxide layer protect of the alloy surface against corrosion. However, after heat treatment at elevated temperature, i.e., 600 °C it was found that the (Al2O3)ads and (CuO)ads coatings were destroyed. The mechanical properties of the Al/Cu alloy decreased, and its surface has undergone deep electrochemical corrosion.

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