Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Direct Metal Laser Sintered 15-5PH Steel Parts Using Bayesian Inference: A Preliminary Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala Qattawi ◽  
Durul Ulutan ◽  
Ala’aldin Alafaghani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Probabilistic Prediction ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Prediction Of Mechanical Properties

Abstract Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) is an additive manufacturing process where metal parts are created layer by layer. Mechanical properties of the final product can vary significantly based on processing parameters. In traditional processes, such effects of processing parameters on mechanical properties are well-established. However, additive manufacturing methods are relatively new, which means there is less consensus, if at all, on how processing parameters affect mechanical properties of the final product. This study is a preliminary effort toward understanding the effects of processing parameters on mechanical properties of the metal. Processing parameters studied were the fabrication direction and temperature. Mechanical properties that were studied were the yield and tensile strength of the built material. 15-5PH stainless steel parts were DMLS fabricated with varying temperatures and directions for this purpose and their mechanical properties were measured. Then, a statistical approach was followed in order to generate a probabilistic prediction model. In this approach, Gibbs sampling was used to randomly sample from population of coefficients, Metropolis algorithm was used for decision-making purposes based on performance of different coefficient sets, and an empirical model was hypothesized. Then, the model was trained using a training dataset, and the cloud of coefficient sets for the hypothesized equation were obtained. Using these coefficient sets, the probable normal distribution of other test conditions was predicted and verified using testing data. It was shown that all measurements were well within the confidence interval of predictions, with a maximum difference of 4% between mean predictions and measurements. It was also observed that with a coefficient of variation smaller than 18%, spread of predictions was low enough to suggest that predictions were precise as well as their accuracy.

Additive Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamardeen Olajide Abdulrahman ◽  
Esther T. Akinlabi ◽  
Rasheedat M. Mahamood
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Titanium Aluminide ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Laser Metal Deposition ◽  
Additive Process

Three-dimensional printing has evolved into an advanced laser additive manufacturing (AM) process with capacity of directly producing parts through CAD model. AM technology parts are fabricated through layer by layer build-up additive process. AM technology cuts down material wastage, reduces buy-to-fly ratio, fabricates complex parts, and repairs damaged old functional components. Titanium aluminide alloys fall under the group of intermetallic compounds known for high temperature applications and display of superior physical and mechanical properties, which made them most sort after in the aeronautic, energy, and automobile industries. Laser metal deposition is an AM process used in the repair and fabrication of solid components but sometimes associated with thermal induced stresses which sometimes led to cracks in deposited parts. This chapter looks at some AM processes with more emphasis on laser metal deposition technique, effect of LMD processing parameters, and preheating of substrate on the physical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of components produced through AM process.

Control of humping phenomenon and analyzing mechanical properties of Al–Si wire-arc additive manufacturing fabricated samples using cold metal transfer process

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622199840
Author(s):  
Yashwant Koli ◽  
N Yuvaraj ◽  
Aravindan Sivanandam ◽  
Vipin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Deposition Rate ◽  
Bead Geometry ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Geometrical Shapes ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Nowadays, rapid prototyping is an emerging trend that is followed by industries and auto sector on a large scale which produces intricate geometrical shapes for industrial applications. The wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technique produces large scale industrial products which having intricate geometrical shapes, which is fabricated by layer by layer metal deposition. In this paper, the CMT technique is used to fabricate single-walled WAAM samples. CMT has a high deposition rate, lower thermal heat input and high cladding efficiency characteristics. Humping is a common defect encountered in the WAAM method which not only deteriorates the bead geometry/weld aesthetics but also limits the positional capability in the process. Humping defect also plays a vital role in the reduction of hardness and tensile strength of the fabricated WAAM sample. The humping defect can be controlled by using low heat input parameters which ultimately improves the mechanical properties of WAAM samples. Two types of path planning directions namely uni-directional and bi-directional are adopted in this paper. Results show that the optimum WAAM sample can be achieved by adopting a bi-directional strategy and operating with lower heat input process parameters. This avoids both material wastage and humping defect of the fabricated samples.

Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Micro-Lines Fabricated by Laser-Assisted Maskless Microdeposition

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Alemohammad ◽  
Ehsan Toyserkani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Nanoindentation Test ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Effective Energy ◽  
Scanning Velocity

The present paper is concerned with the analysis of the microstructural properties of silver micro-lines produced by Laser-Assisted Maskless Microdeposition (LAMM). LAMM is a laser based direct write method used in microscale layered manufacturing. In LAMM, liquid-suspended nanoparticles of a variety of materials are deposited in a layer-by-layer fashion and cured by a laser radiation. In this work, conductive micro-lines of silver with widths of 20 μm are fabricated, and their microstructures as well as electrical and mechanical properties are studied. Investigations show that the microstructures are affected by the laser power and the laser scanning velocity. To find the effect of laser processing parameters on the electrical performance of the samples, the conductivity of the samples are expressed in terms of the effective energy absorbed during laser radiation. It is shown that the conductivity of the sintered samples is increased up to 2 × 105 S.m−1 by raising the effective energy density. In addition, mechanical properties, i.e. modulus of elasticity of one of the fabricated samples are obtained using the nanoindentation test.

scholarly journals Investigation of a Short Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polyamide and Comparison of Two Manufacturing Processes: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and Polymer Injection Moulding (PIM)

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Verdejo de Toro ◽  
Juana Coello Sobrino ◽  
Alberto Martínez Martínez ◽  
Valentín Miguel Eguía ◽  
Jorge Ayllón Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Polymer Injection ◽  
Fused Deposition

New technologies are offering progressively more effective alternatives to traditional ones. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is gaining importance in fields related to design, manufacturing, engineering and medicine, especially in applications which require complex geometries. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is framed within AM as a technology in which, due to their layer-by-layer deposition, thermoplastic polymers are used for manufacturing parts with a high degree of accuracy and minimum material waste during the process. The traditional technology corresponding to FDM is Polymer Injection Moulding, in which polymeric pellets are injected by pressure into a mould using the required geometry. The increasing use of PA6 in Additive Manufacturing makes it necessary to study the possibility of replacing certain parts manufactured by injection moulding with those created using FDM. In this work, PA6 was selected due to its higher mechanical properties in comparison with PA12. Moreover, its higher melting point has been a limitation for 3D printing technology, and a further study of composites made of PA6 using 3D printing processes is needed. Nevertheless, analysis of the mechanical response of standardised samples and the influence of the manufacturing process on the polyamide’s mechanical properties needs to be carried out. In this work, a comparative study between the two processes was conducted, and conclusions were drawn from an engineering perspective.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Part Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar P ◽  
◽  
Soundrapandian E ◽  
Jenin Joseph A ◽  
Kanagarajan E ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Additive manufacturing process is a method of layer by layer joining of materials to create components from three-dimensional (3D) model data. After their introduction in the automotive sector a decade ago, it has seen a significant rise in research and growth. The Additive manufacturing is classified into different types based upon the energy source use in the fabrication process. In our project, we used self-build CNC machine that runs MACH3 software, as well as the MACH3 controller is used to control the welding torch motion for material addition through three axis movement (X, Y and Z). In the project we used ER70 S-6 weld wire for the fabrication and examined its microstructure and mechanical properties. Different layers of the specimen had different microstructures, according to microstructural studies of the product. Rockwell hardness tester used for testing hardness of the product. According to the observation of the part fabricated components using the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing process outperformed the mechanical properties of mild steel casting process. The product fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing process properties is superior to conventional casting process.

scholarly journals Detection of Typical Metal Additive Manufacturing Defects by the Application of Thermographic Techniques

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
D’Accardi ◽  
Altenburg ◽  
Maierhofer ◽  
Palumbo ◽  
Galietti
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Metal Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Metal Additive

One of the most advanced technologies of Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) is the Laser Powder Bed Fusion process (L-PBF), also known as Selective Laser Melting (SLM). This process involves the deposition and fusion, layer by layer, of very fine metal powders and structure and quality of the final component strongly depends on several processing parameters, for example the laser parameters. Due to the complexity of the process it is necessary to assure the absence of defects in the final component, in order to accept or discard it. Thermography is a very fast non-destructive testing (NDT) technique. Its applicability for defect detection in AM produced parts would significantly reduce costs and time required for NDT, making it versatile and very competitive.

Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of ABS From Hybrid Additive Manufacturing by Fused Filament Fabrication and Shot Peening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham Hadidi ◽  
Brady Mailand ◽  
Tayler Sundermann ◽  
Ethan Johnson ◽  
Rakeshkumar Karunakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical

Abstract The mechanical properties of 3D printed polymers parts are process parameter dependent. Defects such as inadvertent voids between deposited rasters and layers lead to weakness in produced parts, which results in inferior mechanical properties as compared to injection molding. An alternative method to change energy absorption and stiffness of a polymer is hybrid additive manufacturing (AM). Hybrid-AM is the use of additive manufacturing with one or more secondary processes that are fully coupled and synergistically affect part quality, functionality, and/or process performance. In this study, fused filament fabrication (FFF) was coupled with layer-by-layer shot peening to study the dynamic mechanical properties of ABS 430 polymer using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). FFF is a heated extrusion process. Shot peening is a mechanical surface treatment that impinges a target with a stochastically dispersed, high velocity stream of beads. Compressive residual stress was imparted to preferential layer intervals during printing to modify the elasticity (stiffness), viscosity, toughness, and glass transition temperature. Viscoelastic and dynamic mechanical properties are important to the performance of polymers in automotive, aerospace, electronics, and medical components. Coupling printing and peening increased the storage and loss moduli as well as the tangent delta. DMA results suggest that preferential layer sequences exist that possess higher elasticity and better absorb energy upon sinusoidal dynamic loading.

Electrochemical Defect Analysis (EC-D) of Additive Manufactured Components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Sous ◽  
Tim Herrig ◽  
Thomas Bergs ◽  
Florian Karges ◽  
Nicole Feiling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Electrochemical Machining ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Defect Analysis ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Camera System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Abstract Due to more freedom in design and flexibility in production, parts produced by additive manufacturing technologies (AM) offer a huge potential for the manufacture of turbomachinery components. Because of the layer by layer built structure, internal defects like cracks or gaseous pores can occur. These defects considerably reduce the mechanical properties and increase the importance of quality control, especially in the field of turbomachinery. Therefore, in this study, an electrochemical defect analysis (EC-D) of additive manufactured components is introduced, performed and validated in comparison to a nondestructive X-ray testing of the same part. A test rig was developed, which allows an alternation between electrochemical machining and subsequent optical documentation of each removed layer. The documentation of the surface and the macroscopic defects in the AM-parts are captured by an integrated camera system.

scholarly journals Research and Implementation of Axial 3D Printing Method for PLA Pipes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4680
Author(s):  
Haiguang Zhang ◽  
Wenguang Zhong ◽  
Qingxi Hu ◽  
Mohamed Aburaia ◽  
Joamin Gonzalez-Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
G Code ◽  
Realization Process ◽  
Actual Stress ◽  
Printing Method

Additive manufacturing has been applied in many fields, but its layer-by-layer fabrication process leads to a weak inter-layer bond strength of printed parts, so it cannot meet the higher requirements for mechanical properties of the industry. At present, many researchers are studying the printing path planning method to improve the mechanical properties of printed parts. This paper proposes a method to plan the printing path according to the actual stress of pipe parts, and introduces the realization process of an algorithm in detail, and obtains the printing control G-code. Additionally, a 5-axis material extrusion platform was built to realize the printing of polylactic acid pipes with plane and space skeleton curves, respectively, which verified the feasibility and applicability of the method and the correctness of the planning path with standard material extrusion filaments. Finally, the tensile and bending experiments prove that axial printing enhances the mechanical properties of pipe parts.

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