Coupled Analysis of an FPSO and Dry Tree Unit Connected by a Gravity Actuated Pipe (GAP)

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoun Naciri ◽  
Helene Schaegis ◽  
Guillaume Ardoise
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Modal Analysis ◽  
South China ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Coupled Analysis ◽  
Transfer Lines ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Fluid Transfer ◽  
First Time

MURPHY Sabah Oil Co. Ltd. has developed the Kikeh Field located offshore Malaysia in the South China Sea in a water depth of 1325m. This field development is based on a Floating Production Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO) and a Spar Dry Tree Unit (DTU). Fluids are transported in fluid transfer lines (FTL) using SBM’s newly developed and patented Gravity Actuated Pipe (GAP) system. To our knowledge this is the first time two large moored floaters are connected together by a slender body closing a gap of 1600m. It was not clear at the beginning of the project to what extent the first and second order motions of the two floaters were coupled, if at all, owing to the presence of the GAP system. To investigate the extent of coupling, both frequency domain (modal analysis) and time domain analyses of the FPSO, GAP system and Dry Tree Unit were performed. The salient features and results are presented.

GAP Launch: Methodology, Constraints and Challenges

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Morin ◽  
Christophe Martin ◽  
Ron Alberts
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
The South ◽  
Transfer Lines ◽  
Field Development ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Fluid Transfer

MURPHY Sabah Oil Co. Ltd. has developed the Kikeh Field located offshore Malaysia in the South China Sea in a water depth of 1325m. This field development is based on a Floating Production Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO) and a Spar Dry Tree Unit (DTU). Fluids are transported in fluid transfer lines (FTL) using SBM’s newly developed and patented Gravity Actuated Pipe (GAP) system. The launch of the first GAP took place on the 8th and 9th of May 2007 in Bintulu (Malaysia). This was the first major milestone in the GAP system installation campaign. The overall length of the GAP, the weight of both towheads, the constraints imposed by the selected site and the need to cope with the environmental data made it a very challenging operation. This paper describes the constraints, pre-launch activities and the onshore and offshore spread used during the main steps of the launch.

Model Testing the 3D Dynamic Behaviour of the GAP System and Comparison With Numerical Computations

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Sergent ◽  
Bruno Thibault ◽  
Alexis Lenoble
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lateral Motion ◽  
Flow Lines ◽  
Transfer Lines ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Fluid Transfer ◽  
Neutrally Buoyant

MURPHY Sabah Oil Co. Ltd. is developing the Kikeh Field located offshore Malaysia in the South China Sea in a water depth of 1325m. This field development is based on a Floating Production Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO) and a wellhead Spar Dry Tree Unit (DTU). Fluids will be transported in fluid transfer lines (FTL) using SBM’s newly developed and patented Gravity Actuated Pipe (GAP) system to support a horizontal neutrally buoyant bundle of flow lines between two moored floaters. Fatigue and extreme analyses of the GAP system have been carried out with a fully dynamic numerical model. In order to verify the validity of the model, three dimensional tests have been performed by OCEANIDE in IFREMER basin in Brest (France). The complete GAP system was modelled at 1:37 scale by OCEANIDE (France). The model included the GAP bundle (carrier pipe with four flow-lines and one umbilical), two towheads located at each extremity of the bundle, a tether chain arrangement supporting the GAP bundle at its two attachments on the FPSO and the DTU. The paper will cover the salient results of the model test campaign. A comparison between tests-results and numerical simulations will also be presented. Furthermore, the occurrence of such dynamical behaviours as Heave Induced Lateral Motion (HILM) will be investigated.

Preparation and Execution of the GAP Surface Tow

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Morin ◽  
Philippe Jean ◽  
Cecile Melis ◽  
Yann Helle ◽  
Barry Shepheard
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
Transfer Lines ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Damage Reduction ◽  
Fluid Transfer ◽  
Substantial Effort

MURPHY Sabah Oil Co. Ltd. has developed the Kikeh Field located offshore Malaysia in the South China Sea in a water depth of 1325m. This field development is based on a Floating Production Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO) and a Spar Dry Tree Unit (DTU). Fluids are transported in fluid transfer lines (FTL) using SBM’s newly developed and patented Gravity Actuated Pipe (GAP) system. This paper highlights the challenges and solutions associated with the engineering and execution of the 188 nautical mile tow of the GAP from the SBM construction site in Bintulu (Malaysia) to the Kikeh Field. Substantial effort was invested at the engineering stage to study the tow-induced fatigue, including influence of wave direction, tow speed, trailing tug back tension, current and submergence of towheads in order to develop a tow strategy which was a compromise between fatigue damage reduction and realistic and cost effective marine operations. This process is detailed in the paper. Finally, all tasks associated with tow from the point at which the beach hold-back rigging was abandoned to the point at which field pre-entry tasks were carried out are also described in the paper.

Crown-of-thorns starfish outbreak at Taiping Island (Itu Aba), Spratlys, South China Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Khang Heng ◽  
Ming-Jay Ho ◽  
Chao-Yang Kuo ◽  
Ya-Yi Huang ◽  
Chia-Ying Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
South China ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Regional Collaboration ◽  
First Time

Outbreak of crown-of-thorns sea stars, Acanthaster cf. solaris, were documented in coral reefs around Taiping Island, Spratlys for the first time. The outbreak might be thereason for the significant decline in live coral cover in 2021. Comprehensive monitoring through regional collaboration is needed.

Submarine landslides in the west continental slope of the South China Sea and their tsunamigenic potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Pan ◽  
Linlin Li ◽  
Hong Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Dawei Wang
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Shear Zone ◽  
Continental Slope ◽  
South China ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Red River ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
The West ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Central Vietnam

<p>The 109 meridian fault is located in the west of the South China Sea (SCS) connecting to the offshore Red River Shear Zone. The evolution processes of the 109 meridian fault: striking-uplifting-subsidence of adjacent basin led to a nearly 1000m sharp bathymetric difference in the offshore region of central Vietnam. Combined with the high sediment input from numerous montane rivers in the rising hinterland, the continental slope near central Vietnam possesses the ideal condition for developing submarine landslides. Seismic data indicates many submarine landslides were developed along the steep continental slope. In this study, we analyze the possible trigger mechanisms of these landslides based on the local geological background and sedimentary environment, and assess their tsunamigenic potential along the coast of the Southern Central Vietnam (SCV). We point out that the landslide failures in this region could be triggered by several mechanisms, including seismic activities in the offshore SCV, volcanic activities, gas seep on the slope and the relative sea-level changes. The seismic and volcanic activities are related directly to the late middle Miocene volcanism generated by the change from left- to right-lateral motion on the Red River Shear Zone, showing that tectonism play a significant role in the generation of submarine landslide in the western continental slope of the SCS. To estimate the impact of tsunami waves on SCV coastline, we use two numerical models—NHWAVE and FUNWAVE-TVD to model 4 representative landslides with volume ranging between 1-4km<sup>3</sup> and water depth of 300-1000m. The submarine landslides were treated as rigid slump and deformable slide corresponding to two different sedimentary environments. Our results show that the tsunami waves generated by rigid slump can reach up to 20m height in the landslide source area and arrive earlier to the coast of SCV than waves generated by deformable slide. Among these simulated scenarios, tsunami waves generated by the worst-case scenario arrive at the populated cities including Quy Nhơn (109.3°E,13.77°N), Tuy Hòa (109.37°E ,13.08°N) and Vung Ro Bay (109.43°E，12.86°N) in less than 25mins with maximum height of 5m. It is worth mentioning that the Vung Ro Bay will be affected by tsunami waves in all simulated scenarios. We quantify the influence of landslide characteristics (volume, water depth and material) and highlight the local effect of coastal bathymetry on the tsunami generation and propagation which lead to different hazard level of SCV coast.</p>

Flow Assurance Challenges for China’s First Deepwater Gas Field Development in South China Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Khin Leong Lau ◽  
Kun An ◽  
Xian Di Tang ◽  
Fei Jian Luo ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Flow Assurance ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Field Development ◽  
China Sea

The Discovery of Spanish Colonial Coins from the Sixteenth through the Eighteenth Centuries in the Southeast Coast of China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Liu ◽  
Chunming Wu
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South China ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
New Era ◽  
Southeast Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The southeast coast of China played a key role in the ancient maritime history of East Asia. During the tenth to sixteenth centuries there was a common local maritime cultural community inside the South China Sea. Since the beginning of the sixteenth century, the maritime trading contact with Europeans had emerged, with Portuguese and Spanish navigation to eastern Asia, showing the new era of maritime history of early globalization. Since the Spanish conquest of America, European settlers mined and transported silver abundantly into Asia for trade. In the last 50 years, Chinese archaeologists have discovered hundreds of historical silver coins—which were originally from Spain and Spanish colonial settlements in the Americas and thus related to this globalizing trade—in the southeast coast of China. This chapter puts together a description of these materials, and so, for the first time, sheds a light to the early maritime trade between East and West.

scholarly journals First records of the seamoth, Pegasus nanhaiensis (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes: Pegasidae), from the southern South China Sea, with notes on fresh coloration

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Takahiro Akaike ◽  
Sirikanya Chungthanawong ◽  
Hiroyuki Motomura
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Northern South China Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Southern South China Sea ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
First Time

Three seamoth specimens (45.5–56.9 mm standard length; SL) (Syngnathiformes: Pegasidae), originally identified as Pegasus laternarius Cuvier, 1829, but now recognized as representing P. nanhaiensis Zhang, Wang et Lin, 2020, a species recently described from the northern South China Sea off Yangjiang and Beihai, China, were obtained at a local fish market in Maha Chai, Samut Sakhon Province, Thailand on 6 July 2012, having been caught in the northern Gulf of Thailand. In addition, single specimens, reported as P. laternarius or Spinipegasus laternarius from Bidong Island, South China Sea off the Malay Peninsula (46.1 mm SL) and from Ko Kradat, Trat Province, eastern Gulf of Thailand (66.1 mm SL), were re-identified here as P. nanhaiensis. Thai specimens and Malaysian record represent the first records of P. nanhaiensis from Thailand and Malaysia, respectively, and from outside Chinese coastal waters. Additionally, the Bidong specimen is the southernmost record for the species. The fresh coloration of P. nanhaiensis is described for the first time.

ASDD Technology in Deepwater Drilling and Its Process of Commercialization

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-feng Guo ◽  
Shao-jun Ji ◽  
Chang-quan Tang
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Large Trial ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Deepwater Drilling ◽  
China Sea ◽  
A Company

The paper had discussed on a new technology and equipment in deepwater engineering, ASDD (Artificial Seabed Deepwater Drilling), and its process of commercialization in COSL of China. The concept of ASDD had put forwarded by a Norway engineer in 1993, and COSL had introduced it to China since 2004 from Europe, which has been built the cooperation with a company from Norway to develop ASDD not only the technology but also equipment. The advantages of ASDD is both reduce cost of drilling in deepwater and use common semi submersible to replace of expensive platform in deepwater drilling until water depth of 1500 m. A series of tests and simulations had been done both abroad and domestic by COSL and two large trial operations had been gone in South China Sea between 2008 and 2009. The trial well operation had been completed in Apr. of 2009, and COSL dispatched many huge vessels, including to Nanhai V, which is one of the hugest semi submersible in Aria, and AHVs that power is over 10,000 HP, such as Nanhai 212, Nanhai 213, Nanhai 216 and so on. The trial well had taken great success. It is obvious that COSL intend to carry out process of commercialization for ASDD, and the two commercial wells had been planed to drill in South China Sea in 2010.

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