DYPIC - Dynamic Positioning in Ice: Second Phase of Model Testing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Haase ◽  
Peter Jochmann
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Model Testing ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dynamic Positioning ◽  
Station Keeping ◽  
Level Ice ◽  
Ice Field ◽  
Ice Model

DYPIC - Dynamic Positioning in Ice is a European research and development project where the main goal is to customize a dynamic positioning (DP) system for model testing in an ice model basin. To achieve this objective numerous ice model tests are performed. Overall they are divided into two main phases — DYPIC Phase I in 2011 and DYPIC Phase II in 2012. The first phase is documented and presented in [1]. This paper addresses the description of the second phase and the presentation of a selection of results. As the main goal of Phase II is to test the DP system developed in Phase I the trials of the second phase are mainly performed in DP mode, while very few tests that serve separate sub goals within the project are performed in the so called fixed mode where the model is towed through the tank. For the DP mode different configurations of the test setup itself are tested. In order to simulate station keeping the vessel travels either in front or behind the main carriage trying to hold its position relatively to the carriage. The relative motion is captured by optical cameras on the carriage and markers on the vessel. In addition real station keeping tests are performed while the model stayed in the middle of the ice basin and different ice field types are pushed along. The ice features tested in DYPIC Phase II include managed ice fields of different kinds and level ice.

DYPIC - Dynamic Positioning in Ice: First Phase of Model Testing

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Haase ◽  
Solange van der Werff ◽  
Peter Jochmann
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Model Testing ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dynamic Positioning ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Ice Conditions

DYPIC (Dynamic Positioning in Ice) is a research and development project within the MARTEC ERA-NET project of the European Union. Its objective is to contribute to the closure of the gap between DP in open water being an industry standard, and DP in ice which has some extra challenges to tackle. Two phases of model testing in ice form the back bone of the project and are facilitated by HSVA (Hamburg Ship Model Basin, Germany). The first test phase, which was executed from May to July 2011, involved two different model ships. Both were tested in free floating mode (where the model sailed solely by its own propulsion system) and fixed mode (where the model was connected to a carriage). In the free floating mode the controlling was performed by a prototype DP system scaled to model parameters. Four different managed ice fields with systematically varied ice concentration and ice floe size were prepared in the ice tank in order to investigate the influence of the relevant parameters. Tests were executed for several velocities and headings with respect to the approaching ice floes. In the free floating case ice loads on the hull were derived from the measured loads on the thrusters. The behavior of the model ship was captured by the position and heading tracking system Qualisys and several installed video cameras. The fixed mode tests serve well as a reference measurement. The results will be used to develop a model scale DP system for ice that is adjustable to different kinds of vessels and ice conditions and eventually to develop testing procedures for the assessment of the DP performance of a vessel in managed ice. A second phase of model testing for fine tuning and benchmarking the developed system will be carried out in August 2012. Within the scope of the paper is the description of the performed tests speaking of test setup and ice conditions. Analyses of results are not covered.

Different Ways of Modeling Ice Drift Scenarios in Basin Tests

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Haase ◽  
Peter Jochmann
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
Ice Drift ◽  
Ice Field ◽  
Ice Model

One known scenario from full scale sea ice investigations is a drifting managed ice field. This ice field may be driven by winds or currents or both and may eventually hit a vessel or an offshore structure. In case of a moving vessel the relative motion between vessel and ice may be determined by the vessels direction of motion or even its ambition to hold position against the drifting ice. All the above described scenarios deal with relative motions between several bodies. Along with the relative motion come the contact forces between the interacting bodies and last but not least the question of the failure of either of the bodies. As ice model tests are in general state of the art procedures to investigate the behavior of a vessel and the related loads in sea ice the question of how to model drift scenarios is of relevance here. Typically in ice model tests a drifting managed ice field is simulated by moving a model ship through a resting ice field. This paper addresses the differences in modeling the ice drift as described above and when moving the floes against a stationary vessel. For this purpose ice model tests of each kind are investigated and theoretical efforts are made to enlighten the topic. Also it is distinguished between the vessel being driven by its own propulsion system or by an external force. In summer 2011 and 2012 a comprehensive set of ice model tests was performed in the large ice tank of the Hamburg Ship Model Basin (HSVA). The tests are related to the research and development project DYPIC — Dynamic Positioning in Ice. Within the project two phases of model tests have been performed. The first phase has been documented and presented in [1] while the second phase is presented in [2]. The model setups described and analyzed in this paper all relate to tests performed within the scope of DYPIC.

scholarly journals Involvement of NO in Antinociception of NSAIDS in Murine Formalin Hind Paw Assay

Drug Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (04) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Noriega ◽  
Hugo F. Miranda ◽  
Juan Carlos Prieto ◽  
Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate ◽  
Fernando Sierralta
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Phase Phase

AbstractThere are different animal models to evaluate pain among them the formalin hind paw assay which is widely used since some of its events appear to be similar to the clinical pain of humans. The assay in which a dilute solution of formalin is injected into the dorsal hindpaw of a murine produces two ‘phases’ of pain behavior separated by a inactive period. The early phase (Phase I) is probably due to direct activation of nociceptors and the second phase (Phase II) is due to ongoing inflammatory input and central sensitization. Mice were used to determine the potency antinociceptive of piroxicam (1,3,10,and 30 mg/kg), parecoxib (0.3, 1,3,10 and 30 mg/kg), dexketoprofen (3,10,30 and 100 mg/kg) and ketoprofen (3,10,30 and 100 mg/kg). Dose-response for each NSAIDs were created before and after 5 mg/kg of L-NAME i.p. or 5 mg/kg i.p. of 7-nitroindazole. A least-squares linear regression analysis of the log dose–response curves allowed the calculation of the dose that produced 50% of antinociception (ED50) for each drug. The ED50 demonstrated the following rank order of potency, in the phase I: piroxicam > dexketoprofen > ketoprofen > parecoxib and in the phase II: piroxicam > ketoprofen > parecoxib > dexketoprofen. Pretreatment of the mice with L-NAME or 7-nitroindazol induced a significant increase of the analgesic power of the NSAIDs, with a significant reduction of the ED50. It is suggested that NO may be involved in both phases of the trial, which means that nitric oxide regulates the bioactivity of NSAIDs.

GERDA results and the future perspectives for the neutrinoless double beta decay search using 76Ge

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (09) ◽  
pp. 1843004 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
M. Agostini ◽  
A. M. Bakalyarov ◽  
M. Balata ◽  
I. Barabanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Beta Decay ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay ◽  
Double Beta Decay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Inverted Hierarchy ◽  
Phase Phase

The GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) is a low background experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) of INFN designed to search for the rare neutrinoless double beta decay ([Formula: see text]) of [Formula: see text]Ge. In the first phase (Phase I) of the experiment, high purity germanium diodes were operated in a “bare” mode and immersed in liquid argon. The overall background level of [Formula: see text] was a factor of ten better than those of its predecessors. No signal was found and a lower limit was set on the half-life for the [Formula: see text] decay of [Formula: see text]Ge [Formula: see text] yr (90% CL), while the corresponding median sensitivity was [Formula: see text] yr (90% CL). A second phase (Phase II) started at the end of 2015 after a major upgrade. Thanks to the increased detector mass and performance of the enriched germanium diodes and due to the introduction of liquid argon instrumentation techniques, it was possible to reduce the background down to [Formula: see text]. After analyzing 23.2 kg[Formula: see text]⋅[Formula: see text]yr of these new data no signal was seen. Combining these with the data from Phase I a stronger half-life limit of the [Formula: see text]Ge [Formula: see text] decay was obtained: [Formula: see text] yr (90% CL), reaching a sensitivity of [Formula: see text] yr (90% CL). Phase II will continue for the collection of an exposure of 100 kg[Formula: see text]yr. If no signal is found by then the GERDA sensitivity will have reached [Formula: see text] yr for setting a 90% CL. limit. After the end of GERDA Phase II, the flagship experiment for the search of [Formula: see text] decay of [Formula: see text]Ge will be LEGEND. LEGEND experiment is foreseen to deploy up to 1-ton of [Formula: see text]Ge. After ten years of data taking, it will reach a sensitivity beyond 10[Formula: see text] yr, and hence fully cover the inverted hierarchy region.

scholarly journals Stress, Coping Strategies, Quality of Life and Lived Experiences of Women with Pregnancyinduced Hypertension

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randhir Puri ◽  
A Raddi Sudha ◽  
S Nayak Baby ◽  
Prakash Ratna ◽  
MC Metgud
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale

ABSTRACT Objectives To explore and assess the levels of stress and its manifestation and different stressors in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension and to identifying the coping strategies used by women with PIH in response to stress. Methods The research approach for the first phase of study was corelational and the subjects were selected by convenience sampling technique and for the second phase qualitative using phenomenology to study the lived experiences. The study comprised of 65 women with PIH, in the Phase I and 6 women with PIH in the Phase II, who were admitted in antenatal wards of KLES Hospital and Medical Research Centre and District Hospital Belgaum. The data on coping strategies was collected using a standardized tool, the Jalowiec coping scale and data on quality of life of women with PIH was collected using another standardized tool — the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale (WHOQOL-BREF). The qualitative data was collected using a semistructured interview schedule and the audiotaping of the verbatum of lived experiences. Results In the Phase I it was found that majority (64.61%) of women had moderate stress levels. The finding indicated that there was no correlation between levels of stress and use and effectiveness of coping strategies. (r1 (65) = 0.1226, P > 0.05, r2 (65) = 0.1805, P > 0.01). The association between levels of stress and quality of life of women with PIH showed that quality of life was independent of levels of stress. The chi-square value (l2effect =12.137) between age and effectiveness of coping strategies was significant which showed that effectiveness of coping strategies were dependent on the age of the women with PIH. In the Phase II based on the analysis of data four themes emerged from the women's perspective of the phenomenon under study. Theme 1 Impact of bed rest. Theme 2 Unaware of PIH and its effect on self and unborn child. Theme 3 Fear of outcome of pregnancy. Theme 4 Psychological impact of symptoms of PIH. Conclusion All these four dimensions depict the importance of holistic and comprehensive care.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Dynamic Positioning in Level Ice

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Metrikin ◽  
Sofien Kerkeni ◽  
Peter Jochmann ◽  
Sveinung Løset
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Positioning ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Numerical Tests ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Pack Ice ◽  
Level Ice ◽  
Ice Floes ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Ice Model

Offshore operations in ice-covered waters are drawing considerable interest from both the public and private sectors. Such operations may involve a requirement for vessels to keep position during various activities, e.g. lifting, installation, crew change, evacuation, and possibly drilling. In deep waters, mooring solutions become uneconomical and therefore dynamic positioning (DP) systems are attractive. However, the ice environment is highly variable with ice features ranging from mild pack ice to pressure ridges and icebergs. This paper focuses on level ice as one of the primary ice types for DP operations in cold waters. The paper presents two major contributions: experimental and numerical. The experimental part is devoted to the description of ice model tests performed at the large ice tank of the Hamburg Ship Model Basin (HSVA) in the summer and autumn of 2012. Experimental design, instrumentation, methods and results are presented and discussed. The numerical part presents a novel model for simulating DP operations in level ice. In the modelling, the vessel and the ice floes are treated as separate independent bodies with 6DOF. The fracture of level ice is calculated on-the-fly based on numerical solution of the ice material failure equations, i.e. the breaking pattern is not pre-calculated. The numerical model is connected to the DP controller and the two systems interchange data dynamically and work in a closed loop. The structures of the models as well as the physical and mathematical assumptions are discussed in the paper. Furthermore, several ice basin experiments are reproduced in the numerical simulation and the results of the physical and numerical tests are compared. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, both accurate ice basin tests of DP in level ice and high fidelity simulations of such experiments are novel and have not been published previously.

The Screening Methodologies and/or Achievement Evaluation in Japanese FR Cycle Development Program With the Changing Needs for Evaluation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Shiotani ◽  
Nariaki Uto ◽  
Koichi Kawaguchi ◽  
Yoshihiko Shinoda ◽  
Kiyoshi Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Design Requirements

This paper argues the characteristics evaluation of Fast Reactor and fuel cycle concepts in the FS “Feasibility Study on commercialized fast reactor cycle systems” and the achievement of the performance evaluation conducted in FaCT (Fast Reactor Cycle System Technology Development) project in Japan. At the beginning of FS phase-I (JFY1999), a combinatorial number of candidate concepts with innovative technologies were screened. After the FS phase-I evaluation, the several promising FR cycle concepts were selected to achieve consistency between FR system and fuel cycle system. Analytical evaluation methodologies were developed to compare candidate FR cycle concepts in the FS phase-II (JFY2001 to JFY2005). Finally, the main concepts were decided mainly based on the technical summary (a kind of qualitative evaluation) of FR cycle concepts besides quantitative evaluation in FS phase-II. Sodium cooled FR combined with simplified pelletizing fuel fabrication, and advanced aqueous reprocessing was selected as “main concept” after Japanese government review. In the FaCT phase-I (JFY2006 to JFY2010), the achievement toward the performance criteria / design requirements for the conceptual design of the commercialized facility developed in the FaCT phase-I was also evaluated. However, the objectives of the evaluation were to confirm the direction and the problems of R&D plans, development targets and design requirements. No aggregation methodologies were used in the FaCT final evaluation. Since the design requirements were set as challenges to achieve higher performance, although some items of respective facilities showed an insufficient achievement, a comprehensive evaluation determined that the performance criteria set by the JAEC were achieved in general. The appropriate methodologies to evaluate the total FR and related fuel cycle system varies at different periods, according to our experience in Japanese FR cycle development program. This paper argues the way of methodologies with the changing needs and objectives of evaluation.

Influence of the Ice Concentration on the Ice Loads on the Hull of a Ship in a Managed Ice Field

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange van der Werff ◽  
Andrea Haase ◽  
René Huijsmans ◽  
Qin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Development Project ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Positioning ◽  
Ship Model ◽  
Ice Concentration ◽  
Ice Loads ◽  
Ice Field ◽  
Yaw Angle

The research and development project DYPIC (Dynamic Positioning in Ice) focuses on the challenges related to DP operations in Arctic environment. At the HSVA (Hamburg Ship Model Basin, Germany), model tests in ice were carried out using two configurations; one where the model was fixed to the towing carriage, and a free floating configuration, where the model ship was controlled by a DP system scaled to model parameters. During the model tests a number of parameters were systematically varied. Model ship velocity and yaw angle were the parameters related to the controlling of the model. In addition, the ice field characteristics were varied by applying two variations in ice floe size and two variations in concentration, resulting in four different ice field descriptions. The ice thickness was remained constant for all test implementations. Every test run with a particular controlling (velocity and heading) profile was executed in each of the four ice fields. In order to develop a DP controller which is optimally adjusted to the environment in which the system operates, it is important to find relations between the characteristics of the ice field and the forces they apply on the hull of the vessel or construction. An assessment of the measurements and observations during the testing is the basis of a study which has the objective to find how the ice field appearance and the ice loads on a structure relate to each other.

scholarly journals Two-Round Ca 2+ transient in papillae by mechanical stimulation induces metamorphosis in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis type A

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1945) ◽  
pp. 20203207
Author(s):  
Maiki K. Wakai ◽  
Mitsuru J. Nakamura ◽  
Satoshi Sawai ◽  
Kohji Hotta ◽  
Kotaro Oka
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Ciona Intestinalis ◽  
Type A ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Invertebrate Larvae ◽  
Phase Phase

Marine invertebrate larvae are known to begin metamorphosis in response to environmentally derived cues. However, little is known about the relationships between the perception of such cues and internal signalling for metamorphosis. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the initiation of metamorphosis in the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis type A ( Ciona robusta ), we artificially induced ascidian metamorphosis and investigated Ca 2+ dynamics from pre- to post-metamorphosis. Ca 2+ transients were observed and consisted of two temporally distinct phases with different durations before tail regression which is the early event of metamorphosis. In the first phase, Phase I, the Ca 2+ transient in the papillae (adhesive organ of the anterior trunk) was coupled with the Ca 2+ transient in dorsally localized cells and endoderm cells just after mechanical stimulation. The Ca 2+ transients in Phase I were also observed when applying only short stimulation. In the second phase, Phase II, the Ca 2+ transient in papillae was observed again and lasted for approximately 5–11 min just after the Ca 2+ transient in Phase I continued for a few minutes. The impaired papillae by Foxg -knockdown failed to induce the second Ca 2+ transient in Phase II and tail regression. In Phase II, a wave-like Ca 2+ propagation was also observed across the entire epidermis. Our results indicate that the papillae sense a mechanical cue and two-round Ca 2+ transients in papillae transmits the internal metamorphic signals to different tissues, which subsequently induces tail regression. Our study will help elucidate the internal mechanism of metamorphosis in marine invertebrate larvae in response to environmental cues.

Characteristic features of polytypism in compounds with the La18W10O57-type structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-749
Author(s):  
Nataliya E. Novikova ◽  
Timofei A. Sorokin ◽  
Alexander M. Antipin ◽  
Nadezhda B. Bolotina ◽  
Olga A. Alekseeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Type Structure ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Two Phases

Crystals with the La18W10O57-type structure (6H and 5H polytypes) were obtained by a self-flux method from high-temperature solutions. Some of the crystal samples were studied by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The diffraction patterns indicated that two phases co-exist in each sample. The hexagonal lattices have a common period of a ≈ 9.0 Å and are non-equal in length but have equally oriented superstructure periods 6c (phase I) and 5c (phase II), c ≈ 5.4 Å. The structures of phases I and II were solved in the symmetry groups P\overline{6}2c and P321, respectively, based on the X-ray data for crystals I and II, with predominant content of the first and second phase. The motif of isolated WO6 prisms with W atoms on the cell edges is common to both phases. WO6 octahedra, both isolated and joined by faces, are distributed along the c axis within the unit cells. Phase I contains extra layers of isolated WO6 octahedra compared to phase II. Tungsten sites in joined octahedra are disordered and partially occupied. Disordering is more expressed in phase II, which in return contains rather more W and O per atom of La. The refined chemical compositions are La18W10O57 for I and La15W8.5O48 for II.

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