Numerical Solution of Rapid Freezing of Sea Water on Cold Substrates

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed R. Dehghani ◽  
Yuri S. Muzychka ◽  
Greg F. Naterer
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Method Of Lines ◽  
Phase Interface ◽  
Transient Heat Conduction ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Ice Accretion ◽  
The Method Of Lines ◽  
Brine Layer

Rapid freezing of sea water on a cold substrate of spongy ice is investigated. The mechanism of transient ice accretion on cold substrates is different than slow freezing of salt water. An investigation of rapid freezing in this paper fills a gap of knowledge related to periodic icing of salt water on marine and offshore structures. The equation of transient heat conduction through brine-spongy ice is analyzed. Rapid freezing causes complete salt trapping, which makes the salinity constant and stable at the phase interface during the solidification. A thin layer of salt water is considered in contact with a spongy substrate. A finite difference method is employed to calculate the rate of solidification of the brine layer and consequently the thickness of ice accumulated. The discretization is based on the Method of Lines (MOL) which is a useful numerical-iterative method for boundary moving problems. Numerical results show that colder substrates and brine layers have the potential to create a thicker layer of new ice.

Investigational Studies on Quantity of Salinity in Netravati River Estuary Sand-Coastal Karnataka

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Raveesha P ◽  
K. E. Prakash ◽  
B. T. Suresh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Sand Sample ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Natural Aggregates

The salt water mixes with fresh water and forms brackish water. The brackish water contains some quantity of salt, but not equal to sea water. Salinity determines the geographic distribution of the number of marshes found in estuary. Hence salinity is a very important environmental factor in estuary system. Sand is one major natural aggregate, required in construction industry mainly for the manufacture of concrete. The availability of good river sand is reduced due to salinity. The quality of sand available from estuarine regions is adversely affected due to this reason. It is the responsibility of engineers to check the quality of sand and its strength parameters before using it for any construction purpose. Presence of salt content in natural aggregates or manufactured aggregates is the cause for corrosion in steel. In this study the amount of salinity present in estuary sand was determined. Three different methods were used to determine the salinity in different seasonal variations. The sand sample collected nearer to the sea was found to be high in salinity in all methods.  It can be concluded that care should be taken before we use estuary sand as a construction material due to the presence of salinity.

SOLUTION OF THE RICHARDS EQUATION IN A SOIL PROFILE WITH TWO LAYERS USING THE METHOD OF LINES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Sousa Lopes ◽  
Augusto Cezar Cordeiro Jardim ◽  
Diego Estumano ◽  
Emanuel Macêdo ◽  
João Quaresma
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Method Of Lines ◽  
Richards Equation ◽  
The Method Of Lines

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contents in Mudflat Solar Salt, Salt Water, and Sea Water in the Nationwide Salt Pan

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1014-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hag-Lyeol Kim ◽  
Young-Joo Yoo ◽  
In-Sun Lee ◽  
Gang-Hee Ko ◽  
In-Cheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Solar Salt ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Salt Pan

TRAVELLING WAVES AND OSCILLATIONS IN SAL’NIKOV’S COMBUSTION REACTION IN A COMPRESSIBLE GAS

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
RHYS A. PAUL ◽  
LAWRENCE K. FORBES
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Solution ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Travelling Waves ◽  
Method Of Lines ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Compressible Viscous Gas ◽  
The Method Of Lines ◽  
Temperature Waves ◽  
Parameter Values

We consider a two-step Sal’nikov reaction scheme occurring within a compressible viscous gas. The first step of the reaction may be either endothermic or exothermic, while the second step is strictly exothermic. Energy may also be lost from the system due to Newtonian cooling. An asymptotic solution for temperature perturbations of small amplitude is presented using the methods of strained coordinates and multiple scales, and a travelling wave solution with a sech-squared profile is derived. The method of lines is then used to approximate the full system with a set of ordinary differential equations, which are integrated numerically to track accurately the evolution of the reaction front. This numerical method is used to verify the asymptotic solution and investigate behaviours under different conditions. Using this method, temperature waves progressing as pulsatile fronts are detected at appropriate parameter values.

Enhanced Reactor Performance with Pressure and Vacuum Swing Reaction

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent G Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Lines ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Orthogonal Collocation ◽  
The Method Of Lines ◽  
Dynamic Experiments ◽  
Product Separation ◽  
Pressure Swing

Product separation and regeneration of sorbent was accomplished in a novel pressure swing reactor through pressurisation, adsorption, blowdown and purge steps. The switching from sorption to reaction to regeneration was tested in a two bed sorption/reaction apparatus. Models developed for the mass and momentum transfer in the catalyst bed and sorber, were solved using orthogonal collocation within the method of lines. The effects of operating conditions and cycle configurations on performance were assessed. The results from dynamic experiments with propene metathesis to produce ethene and 2-butene in a fixed-bed catalytic reactor were in agreement with model predictions. Both pressure and vacuum swing demonstrated that conversion and product quality can be enhanced by periodic cycling with greater separation obtained with vacuum swing. The separation of products help reduce the downstream processing costs of exit mixtures, enable reactant utilisation by recycling and improve product handling at subsequent stages. The efficacy of the periodic separating reactor in terms of conversion, product purity and recovery were investigated.

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