A New Re-Fuel System to Process High Water Content Waste to Solid Fuel Using Superheated Steam

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Maruyama ◽  
Daisuke Tanaka ◽  
Toshiki Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Drying System

The increase of waste and the dryness of natural resources including fossil fuels have become serious problems for the sustainable development of industrial activities and our daily living. A great deal of human effort has been put into the careful use of finite resources and environmental impact reduction. The appropriate processing and the effective use of waste are really in demand in light of our social responsibility for manufacturing and energy development. In addition, the construction of a new recycle system for production is also important from the standpoint of the manufacturer’s responsibility. A procedure is being developed to process industrial and municipal wet wastes to solid fuel, called Refuse paper & plastic fuel (RPF), using superheated steam. A drying system using superheated steam is drawing much attention for use with drying high water content materials due to its high thermal efficiency. A material recycle system for processing high water content waste to solid fuel will be introduced in the present study using a demonstration system, and the optimum conditions for the system operation will be examined. The temperature and the quantity of superheated steam required for material drying are evaluated, and the energy consumption and emissions from the system are theoretically estimated and compared. The purpose of this paper is to test-operate a practical waste recycle system, and the results of this new system are compared with the results from a waste incinerator. The effectiveness of a drying system using superheated steam is shown from the standpoint of the reduction of CO2 emissions and energy consumption for the waste processing.

Characteristic of Carbonation Reaction from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash as a Function of Water Content and their Effect on the Stabilization of Copper and Lead

2007 ◽  
Vol 544-545 ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Whan Ahn ◽  
Hee Chan Cho ◽  
Kwang Suk You ◽  
Gi Chun Han ◽  
Nam Il Um
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Carbonation Reaction ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Aluminum Compounds

Most carbonation processes utilizing municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash characteristically involve a high water content (over 100%). In this work, we developed an improved carbonation process, utilizing various water contents. In addition, we investigated the characteristics of a carbonation reaction using municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash as a function of water content and their effects on the stabilization of copper and lead. As a result of such a carbonation reaction, the effect on the stabilization of heavy metals can be obtained. Due to this, the leaching concentrations of these were reduced. In a high water content, calcium aluminum compounds via carbonation reaction adsorbed Cu and Pb ions. Where a low water content (especially 30%) is present, particle surfaces are surrounded by calcium aluminum compounds of bottom ash as a result of the carbonation process. The leaching concentration of Cu and Pb were decreased through the carbonation process.

Refined Cotton Centrifugal Dewatering Process and Key Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 179-180 ◽  
pp. 1124-1129
Author(s):  
Wei Hui Wang ◽  
Guang Zhong Hu ◽  
Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Water Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Improve Product Quality ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Improve Product

At home and abroad the process of refined cotton mainly used pressing for washing and dehydration. The refined cotton with high water content, drying energy consumption is high. In this paper, base on the application of centrifugal dewatering process nitrocellulose, combined the characteristics of refining cotton with centrifugal dewatering process principles, the key technology of overflow limit and Pusher resistance were analyzed and discussed. Centrifuge dewatering replaced pressing dewatering, can improve product quality, and achieve energy saving with good socio-economic benefits.

Hydrogels as Antibacterial Biomaterials

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 843-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Xu ◽  
Shujun Dong ◽  
Yuping Han ◽  
Shuqiang Li ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Biomedical Field

Hydrogels, as a class of materials for tissue engineering and drug delivery, have high water content and solid-like mechanical properties. Currently, hydrogels with an antibacterial function are a research hotspot in biomedical field. Many advanced antibacterial hydrogels have been developed, each possessing unique qualities, namely high water swellability, high oxygen permeability, improved biocompatibility, ease of loading and releasing drugs and structural diversity. In this article, an overview is provided on the preparation and applications of various antibacterial hydrogels. Furthermore, the prospects in biomedical researches and clinical applications are predicted.

Microwave-Induced Thermoacoustic Imaging for Embedded Explosives Detection in High-Water Content Medium

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 4803-4810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Wang ◽  
Tao Qin ◽  
Yexian Qin ◽  
Ahmed H. Abdelrahman ◽  
Russell S. Witte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
Explosives Detection ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Thermoacoustic Imaging

scholarly journals Deep mantle melting, global water circulation and its implications for the stability of the ocean mass

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun-ichiro Karato ◽  
Bijaya Karki ◽  
Jeffrey Park
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Mantle Melting ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Mineral Physics ◽  
Deep Mantle ◽  
Global Water

AbstractOceans on Earth are present as a result of dynamic equilibrium between degassing and regassing through the interaction with Earth’s interior. We review mineral physics, geophysical, and geochemical studies related to the global water circulation and conclude that the water content has a peak in the mantle transition zone (MTZ) with a value of 0.1–1 wt% (with large regional variations). When water-rich MTZ materials are transported out of the MTZ, partial melting occurs. Vertical direction of melt migration is determined by the density contrast between the melts and coexisting minerals. Because a density change associated with a phase transformation occurs sharply for a solid but more gradually for a melt, melts formed above the phase transformation depth are generally heavier than solids, whereas melts formed below the transformation depth are lighter than solids. Consequently, hydrous melts formed either above or below the MTZ return to the MTZ, maintaining its high water content. However, the MTZ water content cannot increase without limit. The melt-solid density contrast above the 410 km depends on the temperature. In cooler regions, melting will occur only in the presence of very water-rich materials. Melts produced in these regions have high water content and hence can be buoyant above the 410 km, removing water from the MTZ. Consequently, cooler regions of melting act as a water valve to maintain the water content of the MTZ near its threshold level (~ 0.1–1.0 wt%). Mass-balance considerations explain the observed near-constant sea-level despite large fluctuations over Earth history. Observations suggesting deep-mantle melting are reviewed including the presence of low-velocity anomalies just above and below the MTZ and geochemical evidence for hydrous melts formed in the MTZ. However, the interpretation of long-term sea-level change and the role of deep mantle melting in the global water circulation are non-unique and alternative models are reviewed. Possible future directions of studies on the global water circulation are proposed including geodynamic modeling, mineral physics and observational studies, and studies integrating results from different disciplines.

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