Performance Assessment of Turbojet Engine Operated With Alternative Biodiesel

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Noureldin Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed Hamza H. Ali ◽  
S. Ookawara
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Throttle Valve ◽  
Turbojet Engine ◽  
Valve Opening ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

This study investigated experimentally the performance of turbojet engine fueled by biodiesel obtained from different feedstocks. The engine is equipped with measuring sensors for pressure, temperature, thrust, shaft speed in addition to flow meter, data acquisition system and a control unit. The results of the effect of biodiesel fuel type and its blends on turbojet engine performance are presented. Three biodiesel fuels which are Cotton methyl ester (CTME), Corn methyl ester (CRME) and Sunflower methyl ester (SME) and their blends of B10, B20 and B50 (10%, 20% and 50% biodiesel/Jet A1 by volume) are used and compared with the engine recommended fuel (Jet A1). Moreover, in this study, the Biodiesel fuel is produced through transesterification process in which the triglyceride (oil) reacts with alcohol (methanol) to form the mono-alkyl ester (biodiesel) and glycerol. Physical and chemical properties of all produced and tested fuels are measured. The results clearly indicate that the produced biodiesel fuels have a higher density, kinematic viscosity, than JetA-1 fuel, while, the calorific value of biodiesel fuels is very close to JetA-1 fuel. Moreover, JetA-1 fuel has higher sulfur content than other biodiesel fuels. Also, the experimental results show that Engine speed for the cases of using biodiesel fuels is lower than JetA-1 fuel at the same fuel throttle valve opening. Moreover, the Biodiesel fuels have a lower fuel volume flow rate compared to JetA-1 at the same throttle valve opening that lead to decrease the engine static thrust as well as lower value of TSFC.

scholarly journals Assessment of Biodiesel Fuel Potentials of Seed Crude Oil Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaaca (L.) Del

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1467-1473
Author(s):  
M.S. Chomini ◽  
A.J. Daspan ◽  
C. Kambai ◽  
A.E. Chomini ◽  
E.A. Bassey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Oil Extract

Study on assessmentof biodiesel fuel potentials of seed crude oil extracts of Balanites aegyptiaaca (L.) Del was carriedout. Standard methods of the Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were adopted to evaluate the proximate, physico-chemical properties and fatty acid  compositions of crude seed oil extracts of the test plant. The proximate constituents of the crude seed oil extract gave crude protein (22.09%), crude fat (56.75%), moisturecontent (1.35%), ash (4.70%), crudefiber (12.75%) and carbohydrate (2.36%). The crude oil physicochemical properties included saponification value(216.439mgKOH/g), peroxide value(4.84meq/kg), acid value(2.18mgKOH/g), iodine value(77.08g/100g), viscosity  value(150.3@30°C) and cetane number(54.08), refractive index(1.487 @30°C), relative density (0.949g/cm3) while calorific value was 39.03(MJ/kg). The fatty acids composition of crude kernel oil extract of B. aegyptiaca indicated the presence of four (4) fatty acids, with relative percentage abundance (RPA) in the order of 67.17% (9,12-Octadecanoic acid (C19 H3402)) > 16.22% (Pentadecanoic acid (C17H3402)) > 11.8kg% (Heptacosanoic acid (C28H5602)) > 4.72% (Oleic acid(C18H3402)). These properties conferred relative prospects on the crude oil of the test plant as a suitable  potential biodiesel substrate and consequently, large scale aforestation efforts be renewed, to guarantee ready availability of the raw materials. Keywords: Balanites aegyptiaca, Biodiesel, proximate, physicochemical, crude seed oil extracts

scholarly journals Production and characterization of biodiesel and glycerine pellet from macroalgae strain: Cladophora glomerata

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
D. Firemichael ◽  
A. Hussen ◽  
W. Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Cladophora Glomerata ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Algae Oil ◽  
European Standards

Biodiesel was prepared by extracting oil from Cladophora glomerata green algae followed by transesterification of the oil using NaOH as a catalyst. The algae Oil extraction was carried out using two different techniques (Soxhlet and refluxing) and similar oil yield was obtained (23-24%). The resulting biodiesel showed desirable physical and chemical properties. Specific gravity, acid value, iodine value, ash content and calorific value of the algae biodiesel were within the specification of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and European Standards (EN). The analysis of fatty acid methyl ester composition revealed, 63, 27 and 10% for 9-octadecodenoic, hexadeconic and octadeconoic acid methyl ester, respectively. From the production line, two waste streams (glycerol and residual biomass) were combined to form a glycerine pellet. The measured energy content of the glycerine pellet was found to be comparable with firewood. Therefore, C. glomerata could potentially be utilized for the production of both biodiesel and glycerine pellet with no net waste in the transesterification process.                     KEY WORDS: Algae oil, Biodiesel, Transesterification, Glycerine pellet, Macroalgae, Cladophora glomerata   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(2), 249-258 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i2.4

Modeling and Analysis of Manufacturing Variables in the Transesterification Process for Refined Biodiesel Fuels

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 2133-2136
Author(s):  
Tsair Wang Chung ◽  
Yi Jen Chen ◽  
Kuan Ting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Interaction Factor ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels ◽  
Main Factor

In this study, the factorial design and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to find the influence of manufacturing variables on the transesterification of plant oil into fatty acid methyl ester (i.e. biodiesel fuel) and to observe the variation of the degree of effect for each variable in the transesterification process with refined procedure. A second-order model was obtained to predict the viscosity and the yield of biodiesel fuel as a function of the reaction time, the mass fraction of catalyst in methanol and the molar ratio of methanol to plant oil. The experimental data of the yield and the viscosity of refined biodiesel fuels in different manufacturing variables are discussed in this study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also applied to discuss the main factor and interaction factor effects of the manufacturing variables on the responses of the yield of biodiesel fuels. As shown in this study, the amount of catalyst affects the viscosity and the yield of biodiesel fuels. The yield of methyl ester is proportional to the amounts of methanol in the reaction. The factor of reaction time affects the viscosity and the yield of the biodiesel fuel slightly.

scholarly journals Purification and Valorization of Waste Cotton Seed Oil as an Alternative Feedstock for Biodiesel Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djomdi ◽  
M. T. Leku ◽  
D. Djoulde ◽  
C. Delattre ◽  
P. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Activated Coal ◽  
Cotton Seed Oil

This article is focused on the production of biodiesel from the waste cotton seed oil (WCSO), after purification, as an alternative to fossil fuels. Waste oil was collected from Sodecoton, a factory producing cotton seed oil in the Far North Cameroon. The WCSO was subjected to purification using activated coal, followed by transesterification under basic conditions (potassium hydroxide (KOH)), using methanol and ethanol. Some physico–chemical properties of biodiesel, such as absorbance of waste and purified oil, density, viscosity, water content, acid value, and its energy content were determined. The result of treating the WCSO with activated coal indicated that purification efficiency of activated coal increased with the contact time and the mass of the absorbent. Absorbance results directly proved that activated coal removed unwanted components. In the same way, activated coal concentration and exposure time influenced the level of free fatty acids of WCSO. The yield of methyl ester was 97%, while that of ethyl ester was 98%. The specific gravity at 25 °C was 0.945 ± 0.0601. An evaluation of the lower calorific value (PCI) was done in order to study the energy content of biodiesel. This was found to be a value of 37.02 ± 3.05 MJ/kg for methyl ester and 36.92 ± 7.20 MJ/kg for ethyl ester. WCSO constitutes feedstock for high volume, good quality, and sustainable production of biodiesel, as well as a realistic means of eliminating the pollution resulting from the indiscriminate disposal of waste oils from both household and industrial users.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties of an innovative gluten-free, low-carbohydrate and high protein-bread enriched with pea protein powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Wójcik ◽  
Renata Różyło ◽  
Regine Schönlechner ◽  
Mary Violet Berger
Keyword(s):  
Guar Gum ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Chemical Score ◽  
Index Value

AbstractThe study aimed to determine the effect of pea protein powder on the pasting behavior and physico-chemical properties including the composition of amino and fatty acids of gluten-free bread with low-carbohydrate content. The control bread recipe was based on buckwheat flour (50 g) and flaxseed flour (50 g) as main flours. Additionally, the improving additives for this control bread such as psyllium husk (4 g), potato fiber (2 g), and guar gum (2 g) were used. The mixture of base flour was supplemented with the addition of pea protein powder (PPP) in the amount ranging from 5 to 25%. The results of Visco analyzes measured by RVA apparatus showed that the addition of 10% PPP to the control bread did not significantly differentiate peak viscosity and pasting temperature which was at the level 3115 cP and 3149 cP and 50 °C, respectively. Supplementation of low-carbohydrate bread with 10% of PPP was acceptable and significantly increased the content of all analyzed amino acids, as well as the amount of α-linolenic acid concerning the control bread. The lowest value of chemical score was observed for leucine. The EAAI (essential amino acid index) value increased from 34 to 40 when the optimal protein supplement was added. The developed gluten-free, low-carbohydrate, and high protein bread was characterized by contents of carbohydrate of 16.9%, protein of 17.1%, fiber of 13.7%, fat of 3.3% and its calorific value was 194 kcal/100 g.

scholarly journals Design and characteristic analysis of vibration feeding system for coal-gas dust-removal medium

Clean Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Liu ◽  
Lixin He ◽  
Xianglong Zhao ◽  
Qiang Qin ◽  
Yi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Control Unit ◽  
Dust Removal ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Measurement Variation ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Valve Opening ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Design Factors

Abstract A vibration feeder is a piece of equipment for rationing and conveying powder, particle and block materials. In order to test the regeneration performance of de-dusting medium for high-temperature coal gas, a set of de-dusting medium-feeding systems was designed quantitatively. The de-dusting medium-feeding system is used in the gasification process for cleaning coal gas. The system is mainly composed of a hopper unit, control unit and feeding unit. In order to optimize the feeding stability of the coal-gas dust-removal medium vibration feeding system, the setting and scope of the following design factors and operating factors are investigated. Specifically, it includes the influence of gate-valve-opening adjustment of the control unit on the feeding stability of a vibrating feeding system; the influence of the gap size of the dipleg of the control unit on the feeding sensitivity of the vibration system; the influence of the particle size of the de-dusting medium on the operating range of the vibrating feeding system; the influence of the digitization of the working-current indicator of electromagnetic vibrating feeders on measurement variation and the process variation of a vibration feeding system. This vibration feeding system can realize the function of precise and quantitative feeding of the de-dusting medium, which can meet the design requirements of subsequent experimental research.

The Calculation Method and Experimental Research on Throttling Pressure Drop during Kill a Well

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 495-498
Author(s):  
Hui Xin Liu ◽  
Xian Min Yang ◽  
Cheng Tao Li ◽  
Xiang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Throttle Valve ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Valve Opening ◽  
Casing Pressure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Accuracy

There is a common problem during kill a well, which is how to quickly and accurately control the surface casing pressure according to the requirements for killing a well. A step-by-step exploration process is employed on operation sites. Continuously adjusting throttle valve to acquire surface casing pressure may lead to failure of kill operation because of its long time and low control accuracy. Obviously, if the calculation problems of throttling drawdown can be resolved,the relationship between drawdown and throttle valve opening can be found and the course of explorating can be converted into a straight course.Then the success rate of killing well can be improved. More importantly, this can make automatic controll of surface casing pressure possible. The paper built the calculation method of throttling pressure drop by theoretical analysis and verified the calculation method by adopting it into field test. The result has showed that the calculation method of throttling pressure drop coincides with experimental results and it can be used in engineering practice.

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