scholarly journals Assessment of Biodiesel Fuel Potentials of Seed Crude Oil Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaaca (L.) Del

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1467-1473
Author(s):  
M.S. Chomini ◽  
A.J. Daspan ◽  
C. Kambai ◽  
A.E. Chomini ◽  
E.A. Bassey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Oil Extract

Study on assessmentof biodiesel fuel potentials of seed crude oil extracts of Balanites aegyptiaaca (L.) Del was carriedout. Standard methods of the Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were adopted to evaluate the proximate, physico-chemical properties and fatty acid  compositions of crude seed oil extracts of the test plant. The proximate constituents of the crude seed oil extract gave crude protein (22.09%), crude fat (56.75%), moisturecontent (1.35%), ash (4.70%), crudefiber (12.75%) and carbohydrate (2.36%). The crude oil physicochemical properties included saponification value(216.439mgKOH/g), peroxide value(4.84meq/kg), acid value(2.18mgKOH/g), iodine value(77.08g/100g), viscosity  value(150.3@30°C) and cetane number(54.08), refractive index(1.487 @30°C), relative density (0.949g/cm3) while calorific value was 39.03(MJ/kg). The fatty acids composition of crude kernel oil extract of B. aegyptiaca indicated the presence of four (4) fatty acids, with relative percentage abundance (RPA) in the order of 67.17% (9,12-Octadecanoic acid (C19 H3402)) > 16.22% (Pentadecanoic acid (C17H3402)) > 11.8kg% (Heptacosanoic acid (C28H5602)) > 4.72% (Oleic acid(C18H3402)). These properties conferred relative prospects on the crude oil of the test plant as a suitable  potential biodiesel substrate and consequently, large scale aforestation efforts be renewed, to guarantee ready availability of the raw materials. Keywords: Balanites aegyptiaca, Biodiesel, proximate, physicochemical, crude seed oil extracts

scholarly journals Assessment of Physicochemical and Fatty Acids Composition of Crude Seed Oil Extract of Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss. for its potential in Biodiesel Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
M.S Chomini ◽  
V.I Joshua ◽  
A.R John ◽  
M.P Ishaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Oil Extract

This study investigates the physico-chemical and fatty acids composition of crude seed oil extracts of Azadirachta indica . The main objective was to evaluate some biodiesel characteristics of the crude seed oil extract of Azadirachta indica. The procedures of the Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were used for assessment of some physical, biochemical, and fatty acids constituents of the test seed oil extract. The physical properties assayed for indicate that the oil is liquid at room temperature, non-drying, with specific gravity, with flash and melting points of 0.910±0.08 g/cm3, 80±2.10°C and 76±1.60°C respectively. The chemical properties included 66.77±2.55 g/100g (iodine value), 1.465±0.07 (refractive index@ 30°C), 212.96±1.16 mgKOH/g (saponification value), 0.39±0.16 meq/Kg (peroxide value), 4.24±0.12 mgKOH/g (acid value), 2.20±0.12 mm2/s (viscosity value), 56.91±2.19 (cetane number), 39.21±1.11 MJ/kg (calorific value) and 2.13±0.05% w/w (free fatty acids). Fatty acids composition of the crude seed oil of A. indica obtained were linoleic, hexadecanoic, octadecanoic and alpha linolenic acids, with retention time and % composition of 18.2 min and 10.8±0.50%, 22.2 min and 30.01±1.79%, 18.2 min and 59.10±2.22%, and 20.2 min and 0.09±0.02% respectively. The crude seed oil extract clearly presents a potential as a biodiesel substrate for incorporation as a proximate blend in auto-engines. This therefore would necessitate intensive afforestation efforts of the plant species for sustainable utilization. Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Biodiesel, physico-chemical, fatty acids, crude seed oil, extracts

scholarly journals Antibacterial, Compositional and Physicochemical Properties of Guizotia Scabra (Vis.) Chiov. Seed Oil Found on Jos-Plateau-Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Gambo N. N.* ◽  
Ibejekwe, S. J. ◽  
Ayuba S. D.
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The oil extract of G. scabra seeds was analyzed for its antibacterial, chemical and physical properties. Physical and chemical properties analyzed included moisture content (0.91%), acid value (13.65%), iodine value (132.27), peroxide value (18.58), saponification value (191.03), free fatty acids (6.86%) and density (0.87g/cm3). The oil was found to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Escherichia coli (EC) and Salmonella typhi (ST) at an MIC of 50%. However, there was no effect on Shigella sonnei (SS). The fatty acid composition of the extracted oil was revealed using the Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. A total of 18 components of the oil were identified. Oleic acid (27.07%), 10- undecenoic acid (19.99%), palmitic acid (10.56%) and stearic acid (6.22%) were detected as the dominant fatty acids in the G. scabra seed oil.

scholarly journals Bicarbonate for microalgae cultivation: a case study in a chlorophyte, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis isolated from a Norwegian lake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikumi Umetani ◽  
Eshetu Janka ◽  
Michal Sposób ◽  
Chris J. Hulatt ◽  
Synne Kleiven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractBicarbonate was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for a green microalga, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis, isolated from Lake Norsjø in Norway. Photosynthesis, growth, and lipid production were studied using four inorganic carbon regimes: (1) aeration only, (2) 20 mM NaHCO3, (3) 5% (v/v) CO2 gas, and (4) combination of 20 mM NaHCO3 and 5% CO2. Variable chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed that the bicarbonate treatment supported effective photosynthesis, while the CO2 treatment led to inefficient photosynthetic activity with a PSII maximum quantum yield as low as 0.31. Conversely, bicarbonate and CO2 treatments gave similar biomass and fatty acid production. The maximum growth rate, the final cell dry weight, and total fatty acids under the bicarbonate-only treatment were 0.33 (± 0.06) day−1, 673 (± 124) mg L−1 and 75 (± 5) mg g−1 dry biomass, respectively. The most abundant fatty acid components were α-linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids constituting 69% of the total fatty acids. The fatty acid profile eventuated in unsuitable biodiesel fuel properties such as high degree of unsaturation and low cetane number; however, it would be relevant for food and feed applications. We concluded that bicarbonate could give healthy growth and comparative product yields as CO2.

POWER RATE LAW BASED CHEMICAL KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF AFRICAN PEAR SEED OIL CONSECUTIVE IRREVERSIBLE BASE METHANOLYSIS FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
C. Esonye ◽  
O. D Onukwuli ◽  
S. O. Momoh
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
African Pear ◽  
Kinetics And Thermodynamic

Currently the major challenge of biodiesel application as a replacement to petrodiesel is its industrial production sustainability.Consequently, the successful scale-up of laboratory results in transesterification requires so much information obtained through chemical kinetics.This paper presents the kinetics and thermodynamic study of alkali-homogeneous irreversible methanolysis of seed oil derived from African pear. The transesterification process was carried out from 0-100 minutes at temperature range of 55-65°C. The reaction mixture compositions were ascertained using gas chromatography- flame ionization detector (GC-FID) technique. Rate constants of the triglyceride (Tg), diglycerides (Dg) and monoglycerides(Mg) hydrolysis were in the range of 0.0140- 0.07810 wt%/min and increased with increase in temperature. The rate of reaction was found to increase with increase in temperature. Activation energies were found to be 6.14, 20.01 and 28.5kcal/mol at 55, 60 and 65oC respectively. Tg hydrolysis to Dg was observed asthe rate determining step while the reaction agreed with second order principles. A biodiesel yield of 93.02% was obtained with cloud point of 10°C , flash point of 125°C , pour point of 4°C , calorific value of 34.4MJ/kg, and cetane number of 54.90 which satisfy EN14214 and ASTM D 6751 standards. Results presented in this report would serve as idealized conditions for industrial scale up of biodiesel production from African pear seed oil. Keywords:Kinetics; methanolysis; rate constants; activation energy; African pear seed oil; biodiesel

scholarly journals Chemical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Palado Seed Oil (Aglaia sp) Extracted Using Chloroform Solvent

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul RAHMAN ◽  
Salengke Salengke ◽  
Abu Bakar TAWALI ◽  
Meta MAHENDRADATTA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Ingredients

Palado (Aglaia sp) is a plant that grows wild in the forest around Mamuju regency of West Sulawesi, Indonesia. This plant is locally known as palado. Palado seeds (Aglaia sp) can be used as a source of vegetable oil because it contains approximately 14.75 % oil, and it has the potential to be used as food ingredients or as raw material for oil production. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical properties and the composition of fatty acids contained in palado seed oil (Aglaia sp). The employed method involved the use of palado fruit that had been processed to be palado seed and undergoing flouring process. Palado flour was produced by the extraction process by using chloroform solvent with the soxhlet method. The characteristics of the chemical properties in the oil produced were analyzed by using a standard method, including iodine, saponification, and acid values. The analysis of fatty acid composition was conducted by using gas chromatography. The results showed that palado oil extracted with hexane had an iodine value of 15.38 mg/g, saponification value of 190.01 mg KOH/g, and acids value of 1.961 mg KOH/g. The fatty acid composition of the palado seed oil consisted of saturated fatty acids (41.601 %), which included palmitic acid (41.062 %), myristic acid (0.539 %), and unsaturated fatty acids (45.949 %), which included mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) such as (22.929 %), oleic acid and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which was linoleic acid (23.020 %).

scholarly journals Studies on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Siyal Kanta (Argemone mexicana linn) Seed Oil

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gm Ahmed ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MR Zaman ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
MM Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Silicic Acid Column ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Silicic Acid Column Chromatography ◽  
Physico Chemical

The physico-chemical properties of the extracted oil were studied by the conventional methods. It was observed that Siyal Kanta grown under the soil and climatic condition of Bangladesh contains about 35% of pale yellow coloured oil. The total lipids were fractionated into three major lipid groups, neutral lipids, glycolipid and phospholipids by silicic acid column chromatography. Among the lipids, the neutral lipids were varied from 92.1-92.3%, glycolipid 5.5-5.8% and phospholipid 1.5-1.7% of the total oil of the lipid applied. The oil was also fractionated into mono-, di- and triglyceride by silicic acid column chromatography. The triglycerides were varied from 90.1-90.3%, diglycerides from 2.3-2.8% and monoglycerides from 1.5-1.8%. The saturated and unsaturated fatty acids present in the oil were separated and found to be 14.2-14.5% and 84.2-84.8% respectively depending on the areas in which the plant grows. The fatty acid compositions of the oil were analyzed by Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC). The major fatty acids found in the oil were oleic acid (23%), linoleic acid (58%), palmetic acid (7%) and ricinoleic acid (10%). Key words: Siyal kanta seed oil; Glyceride; Lipid; Fatty acid. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9607 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 561-564

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF SYNTHESIS POLYURETHANE MEMBRANE OF NYAMPLUNG SEED OIL (Calophyllum inophyllum) WITH HEXAMETHILENE-1,6-DIISOCYANATE (HMDI)

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Mutia Farida ◽  
Mustanir Yahya ◽  
Marlina Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Number ◽  
Calophyllum Inophyllum ◽  
Brown Colour ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Polyurethane Membrane

Nyamplung oil originated from Ujong Pancu, Aceh Besar is one of the vegetable oil sources which is not fully utilized yet. The extraction of nyamplung oil is done using soxhletation with n-hexane solvent; during this process, the oils produced is at the 55.55% levels. The product is in the form of yellowish green liquid with the density of 0.88gr/ml. The nyamplung oil extract has the iodine number of iod 83.53 mg iod/g and hydroxyl number of  64.292 mg KOH/gram which can be utilized as the raw material in making polyurethane membrane. Polyurethane membrane is synthesized by reacting fatty acids from nyamplung seed oil with hexamethylene-1.6-diisocyanate (HDMI). The ration of the oil towards HDMI is variated as, 5:1;5:3;5:5;5:7;5:9 v/w. The membrane has a composition of  5:7 v/w  with 90-100 oC polymerization temperatures and  160oC curring temperature for 8 hours is hard, homogenous and quite elastic with a transparent brown colour. 

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical and Nutritional Studies of Terminalia belerica Roxb. Seed Oil and Seed Kernel

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Tamzid Hossain Molla ◽  
MT Alam ◽  
M A-U Islam
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Terminalia Belerica ◽  
Nutritional Studies

Oil was extracted from Terminalia belerica Roxb. seed kernel by solvent extraction process. The whole seed contained 12.28 % oil on dry basis. The physico-chemical properties of the oil were determined. Moisture, ash and crude fibre contents of the seed kernel were found to be 8. 43, 2.54, and 8.78% respectively. The refractive index, co-efficient of viscosity, specific gravity, and energy of activation of the oil were found to be 1.28, 403.6 millipoise at 30°C, 0.93 and 6.97 k.cal/mole respectively. The oil was found to be non-drying. Iodine value, acid value, peroxide value, saponification value, saponification equivalent, ester value, unsaponifiable matter, acetyl value, Reichert-Meissel value, Polenske value, free fatty acids as oleic acid and cholesterol content of the oil were recorded as 107, 3.69, 3.14, 189.24, 296.44, 185.55, 1.24%, 3.78, 0.719, 0.945, 0.87% and 26.59 mg per 100 g oil, respectively. The oil was qualitative and quantitative analysed for fatty acid composition by TLC and GLC. The results showed that the fatty acids of the oil had chain length between C14 to C22. The oil contained 17.70% myristic acid, 21.6% palmitic acid, 45.67% oleic acid and 14.93% stearic acid. The whole kernel was analyzed for some nutrients and minerals. The kernel contained 22.57 and 8.38% total lipid and protein respectively. It also contained 0.19mg, 0.45mg, 0.79g and 1.1mg of vitamin B1, B2, C and A respectively per 100g of kernel. Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were found to be 0.3, 0.02, 0.2, 0.2, 0.01%; 23, 1, 12 and 12 ppm respectively in kernel and 0.12, 0.05, 1.15, 0.18, 0.45%; 204, 4, 54 and 50 ppm respectively in oil. Key words: T. belerica seed oil and kernel, physico-chemical behaviour, micronutrients, fatty acid profile, GLC.   doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2211   J. bio-sci. 15: 117-126, 2007

Biodiesel Production from Pongamia Pinnata and its Characterization using GC-MS, NMR and FT-IR Spectral Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fernandez ◽  
V. Hariram ◽  
S. Seralathan ◽  
S.A. Harikrishnan ◽  
T. Micha Premkumar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Ft Ir

Biodiesel synthesis from the pongamia oil seed and its characterization is elaborated in this paper. A double stage transesterification i.e. acid catalysed transesterification and base catalysed esterification are adopted to reduce the free fatty acids content and conversion of triglycerides into methyl esters. In this process, H2SO4, NaOH and methanol are used at the methanol/oil molar ratio of 7:1. By this process, 95% of pongamia biodiesel is obtained. The physiochemical properties like calorific value, Cetane number, density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, fire point etc. are analysed and it is found to be within the ASTM standards. GC-MS analysis indicated the existence of 14 prominent fatty acids with oleic acid as the major constituent. 13C and 1H NMR results supported the GC-MS data and it also confirmed the conversion efficiency of converting the vegetable oil into PBD as 87.23%. The shifting and appearance of major peaks in the FT-IR spectrum confirmed the formation of FAMEs from the triglycerides.

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