Fastener Preload Guidance Methodology for ASME B16.5 Welding Neck Flanges

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Wacker
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Single System ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Flange Connection ◽  
Rules Of Thumb ◽  
Bolted Flange

Various resources have long been available from which bolted flange connection (BFC) preload guidance can be chosen. These range from Rules of Thumb gleaned from experience, to tables and charts based on average gasket stress, to parametric generalizations derived from the results of limited finite element analyses. Because the primary components of a BFC (flange, fastener and gasket) interact with one another to respond as a single system, and the system is unique to the conditions that define it, guidance based on these specific conditions will improve the accuracy of preload solutions and generate data to show the relative strengths and weaknesses of a given BFC. This paper presents a methodology that sets practical stress limits on a collection of commonly used ASME B16.5 welding neck flange components and then uses finite element analysis to solve the condition of preload that results in one or more limits being satisfied. Each preload solution is unique to the properties and geometries that define it and includes the effects of three design conditions. Fastener stress solutions include both the tension and bending components. This shows that yielding can initiate at relatively low values of preload when flange rotation is significant. Charts are created to show solution trends. This simplifies the task of identifying the component that sets the upper bound for a given solution. It also provides the basis to compare similar component combinations.

Development of Bolted Flange Design Tool Based on Artificial Neural Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Yıldırım ◽  
Ahmet Arda Akay ◽  
Hasan Gülaşık ◽  
Demirkan Çoker ◽  
Ercan Gürses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Flange Connection ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Bolted Flange

Finite element analysis (FEA) of bolted flange connections is the common methodology for the analysis of bolted flange connections. However, it requires high computational power for model preparation and nonlinear analysis due to contact definitions used between the mating parts. Design of an optimum bolted flange connection requires many costly finite element analyses to be performed to decide on the optimum bolt configuration and minimum flange and casing thicknesses. In this study, very fast responding and accurate artificial neural network-based bolted flange design tool is developed. Artificial neural network is established using the database which is generated by the results of more than 10,000 nonlinear finite element analyses of the bolted flange connection of a typical aircraft engine. The FEA database is created by taking permutations of the parametric geometric design variables of the bolted flange connection and input load parameters. In order to decrease the number of FEA points, the significance of each design variable is evaluated by performing a parameter correlation study beforehand, and the number of design points between the lower and upper and bounds of the design variables is decided accordingly. The prediction of the artificial neural network based design tool is then compared with the FEA results. The results show excellent agreement between the artificial neural network-based design tool and the nonlinear FEA results within the training limits of the artificial neural network.

scholarly journals Development of Artificial Neural Network Based Design Tool for Aircraft Engine Bolted Flange Connection Subject to Combined Axial and Moment Load

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Volkan Sanli ◽  
Ercan Gürses ◽  
Demirkan Çöker ◽  
Altan Kayran
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Flange Connection ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Bolted Flange

Bolted flange connections are one of the most commonly used joint types in aircraft structures. Typically, bolted flange connections are used in aircraft engines. The main duty of a bolted flange connection in an aircraft engine is to serve as the load transfer interface from one part of the engine to the other part of the engine. In aircraft structures, weight is a very critical parameter which has to be minimized while having the required margin of safety for the structural integrity. Therefore, optimum design of the bolted flange connection is crucial to minimize the weight. In the preliminary design stage of the bolted flange connection, many repetitive analyses have to be made in order to decide on the optimum design parameters of the bolted flange connection. Two main methods used for analyzing bolted flange connections are the hand calculations based on simplified approaches and finite element analysis (FEA). While hand calculations lack achieving optimum weight as they tend to give over safe results, finite element analysis is computationally expensive because of the non-linear feature of the problem due to contact definitions between the mating parts. In this study, a fast but very accurate design tool based on artificial neural network (ANN) is developed for the cylindrical bolted flange connection of a typical aircraft engine under combined axial and bending moment load. ANN uses the FEA database generated by taking permutations of the parametric design variables of the bolted flange connection. The selected parameters are the number of bolts, the bolt size, the flange thickness, the web thickness, the preload level of the bolt and the external combined loads of bending moment and axial force. The bolt reaction force and the average flange stress are taken as the output variables and the results of 12000 different finite element analyses are gathered to form a database for the training of the ANN. Results of the trained ANN are then compared with the finite element analysis results and it is shown that an excellent agreement exists between the ANN and the non-linear finite element analysis results within the training limits of the artificial neural network. We believe that the ANN established can be a very robust and accurate approximate model replacing the non-linear finite element solver in the optimization of the bolted flange connection of the aircraft engine to achieve weight reduction.

scholarly journals Simulating sauropod manus-only trackway formation using finite-element analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Falkingham ◽  
K. T. Bates ◽  
L. Margetts ◽  
P. L. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Track Formation

The occurrence of sauropod manus-only trackways in the fossil record is poorly understood, limiting their potential for understanding locomotor mechanics and behaviour. To elucidate possible causative mechanisms for these traces, finite-element analyses were conducted to model the indentation of substrate by the feet of Diplodocus and Brachiosaurus . Loading was accomplished by applying mass, centre of mass and foot surface area predictions to a range of substrates to model track formation. Experimental results show that when pressure differs between manus and pes, as determined by the distribution of weight and size of respective autopodia, there is a range of substrate shear strengths for which only the manus (or pes) produce enough pressure to deform the substrate, generating a track. If existing reconstructions of sauropod feet and mass distributions are correct, then different taxa will produce either manus- or pes-only trackways in specific substrates. As a result of this work, it is predicted that the occurrence of manus- or pes-only trackways may show geo-temporal correlation with the occurrence of body fossils of specific taxa.

Application of ASME Code Section XI Appendix L Using 3-D Finite Element Analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Fourcade ◽  
Minji Fong ◽  
James Axline ◽  
Do Jun Shim ◽  
Chris Lohse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Flaw Tolerance ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Stress Ratios

Abstract As part of a fatigue management program for subsequent license renewal, a flaw tolerance evaluation based on ASME Code, Section XI, Appendix L may be performed. The current ASME Code, Section XI, Appendix L flaw tolerance methodology requires determination of the flaw aspect ratio for initial flaw size calculation. The flaw aspect ratios listed in ASME Section XI, Appendix L, Table L-3210-2, for austenitic piping for example, are listed as a function of the membrane-to-gradient cyclic stress ratio. The Code does not explicitly describe how to determine the ratio, especially when utilizing complex finite element analyses (FEA), involving different loading conditions (i.e. thermal transients, piping loads, pressure, etc.). The intent of the paper is to describe the methods being employed to determine the membrane-to-gradient cyclic stress ratios, and the corresponding flaw aspect ratios (a/l) listed in Table L-3210-2, when using finite element analysis methodology. Included will be a sample Appendix L evaluation, using finite element analysis of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) pressurizer surge line, including crack growth calculations for circumferential flaws in stainless steel piping. Based on this example, it has been demonstrated that, unless correctly separated, the membrane-to-gradient cyclic stress ratios can result in extremely long initial flaw lengths, and correspondingly short crack growth durations.

Finite Element Analysis of Composite Volleyball Upright Structures

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Lu Yang Shan ◽  
Yi Shan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Static Analysis ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Dynamic Impact ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Impact Effect ◽  
Finite Element Software

A composite FRP volleyball upright structure is analyzed by finite element (FE) method. A static analysis is performed using commercial finite element software ANSYS. Deformation and stress distributions under regular and upper bound force (i.e., to include dynamic/impact effect) are provided. An elastic eigenvalue analysis is carried out as well to predict the buckling load and modes.

Finite Element Analysis in Orthopaedics

1987 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Koeneman
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
Joint Implants ◽  
Bone Structures

AbstractPredicting the stress state in bones is important to the understanding of bone remodeling and the long-term reliability of total joint implants. Beam theory, 2-D and 3-D finite element analysis have been used to calculate stress distributions. These finite element analyses of bone structures are progressing from crude models for which the clinical relevance has been questioned to an important tool which is necessary to understand stress related bone changes.

Account for Metal to Metal Contact Between Gasket Centering Ring and Flange Facing in Calculation Using the XP CEN\TS 1591-3 Method: Comparison With Other Analytical Method and Finite Element Analysis

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Lejeune ◽  
Yann Ton That
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Metal Contact ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Bolted Flange

The european standard EN1591-1 [1], initially published in 2001, defines a calculation method for bolted gasketed circular flanges, alternative to the TAYLOR-FORGE method, used as the basic method in most codes. In 2007, a new part, XP CEN/TS 1591-3 [2], has been added to the EN1591 series. This technical specification enables to take into account the Metal to Metal Contact (MMC), appearing inside the bolt circle on some assemblies. Due to a lack of industrial feedback and detailed validation, this document has not been raised to the standard status. In that context, under the request of its Pressure Vessel and Piping commission, CETIM has performed a study comparing this calculation method to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) on several industrial configurations. After a description of the XP CEN/TS 1591-3 calculation method, the major results obtained for spiral wound gasketed joints where MMC appears between centering ring and flange facing are presented and compared with FEA results. Moreover, results obtained with other classical analytical calculation methods as TAYLOR FORGE and EN1591-1 on the same Bolted Flange Connections (BFC) configuration are also analysed and compared to XP CEN/TS 1591-3 results.

3-D Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of a Non-Gasketed Flange Joint Under Combined Internal Pressure and Axial Loading

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abid ◽  
Abdul W. Awan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Flange Joint ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Bolted Flange

A number of analytical and experimental studies have been conducted to study ‘strength’ and ‘sealing capability’ of bolted flange joint only under internal pressure loading. Due to the ignorance of the external i.e. axial loading, the optimized performance of the bolted flange joint can not be achieved. A very limited work is found in literature under combined internal pressure and axial loading. In addition, the present design codes do not address the effects of axial loading on the structural integrity and sealing ability of the flange joints. From previous studies, non-gasketed joint is claimed to have better performance as compared to conventional gasketed joint. To investigate non-gasketed joint’s performance i.e. joint strength and sealing capability under combined internal pressure and any applied external loading, an extensive 3D nonlinear finite element analysis is carried out and overall joint performance and behavior is discussed.

Finite Element Analysis of a Steel Spiral Staircase with Multiple Supports

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 1964-1967
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Hua Dong He
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Moment Distribution ◽  
Spiral Staircase

This paper presents finite element analyses of a steel spiral staircase with multiple supports. The complex geometries were modeled using commercial finite element method (FEM) software. Linear elastic analyses were carried out to investigate its deformation and moment distribution. Besides these, mode analysis was also performed to explore its pedestrian comfort. Finally the reliability of the structure is proved.

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