scholarly journals Hydrogen-Assisted Fracture of Type 316L Tubing and Orbital Welds

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. San Marchi ◽  
L. A. Hughes ◽  
B. P. Somerday ◽  
X. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Testing ◽  
Type 316L ◽  
316L Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Outside Diameter ◽  
Assisted Fracture

Austenitic stainless steels have been extensively tested in hydrogen environments. These studies have identified the relative effects of numerous materials and environmental variables on hydrogen-assisted fracture. While there is concern that welds are more sensitive to environmental effects than the non-welded base material, in general, there have been relatively few studies of the effects of gaseous hydrogen on the fracture and fatigue resistance of welded microstructures. The majority of published studies have considered welds with geometries significantly different from the welds produced in assembling pressure manifolds. In this study, conventional, uniaxial tensile testing was used to characterize tubing of type 316L austenitic stainless steel with an outside diameter of 6.35 mm. Additionally, orbital tube welds were produced and tested to compare to the non-welded tubing. The effects of internal hydrogen were studied after saturating the tubes and orbital welds with hydrogen by exposure to high-pressure gaseous hydrogen at elevated temperature. The effects of hydrogen on the ductility of the tubing and the orbital tube welds were found to be similar to the effects observed in previous studies of type 316L austenitic stainless steels.

scholarly journals Microstructure/Mechanical Characterization of Plasma Nitrided Fine-Grain Austenitic Stainless Steels in Low Temperature

Nitrogen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-258
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Farghali ◽  
Tatsuhiko Aizawa ◽  
Tomoaki Yoshino
Keyword(s):  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Nitrided Layer ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Solute Content ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Applied Loading ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Testing

Fine-grained austenitic stainless steels (FGSS) were plasma nitrided below 700 K to describe their microstructure evolution during the nitrogen supersaturation process and to investigate the post-stressing effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of nitrided FGSS. Normal- and fine-grained AISI304 plates were nitrided at 623 K and 673 K to investigate the grain size effect on the nitrogen supersaturation process as well as the microstructure evolution during the nitriding process. Fine-grained AISI316 (FGSS316) wires were nitrided at 623 K to demonstrate that their outer surfaces were uniformly nitrided to have the same two-phase, refined microstructure with high nitrogen solute content. This nitrided FGSS316 wire had a core structure where the original FGSS316 core matrix was bound by the nitrided FGSS316 layer. The nitrided wire had higher stiffness, ultimate strength, and elongation in the uniaxial tensile testing than its un-nitrided wires. The core microstructure was refined and homogenized by this applied loading together with an increase of nitrided layer hardness.

Influence of Oxygen Concentration on the Initiation of Dissolution Corrosion on 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel at 450°C

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Klok ◽  
Konstantina Lambrinou ◽  
Serguei Gavrilov ◽  
Iris De Graeve
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Results ◽  
316L Steel ◽  
316L Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Dissolution Corrosion ◽  
Scanning Electron

This work presents first results of the study on the influence of the LBE oxygen concentration on the initiation of dissolution corrosion in 316L austenitic stainless steels. 316L steel specimens were exposed at 450 °C to static liquid LBE with controlled and constant oxygen concentration of 10−5, 10−6 and 10−7 mass% for 1000 hours. Corroded specimens were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Limited oxidation corrosion and no dissolution corrosion was observed in the specimens exposed to LBE containing 10−5 and 10−6 mass% oxygen, while dissolution corrosion with a maximum depth of 59 μm was found in the specimen exposed to LBE containing 10−7 mass% oxygen.

Hydrogen-Assisted Fracture Mechanisms in Ultrafine-Grained CrNi Austenitic Stainless Steels with Different Initial Microstructures

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 370-375
Author(s):  
Sergey Astafurov ◽  
Elena Astafurova ◽  
Valentina Moskvina ◽  
Galina G. Maier ◽  
Eugene Melnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Flow Strength ◽  
Hydrogen Charging ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Electrolytic Hydrogen ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Abc Pressing ◽  
Assisted Fracture

We investigated the effect of electrolytic hydrogen-charging on regularities of plastic flow, strength and fracture mechanisms of AISI 316L and 321 austenitic stainless steels. In the steels, an ultrafine-grained structure of various morphologies was formed using methods of warm abc-pressing and thermomechanical treatment (cold rolling and annealing). Hydrogen-charging of ultrafine-grained steels reduces their yield strength and elongation. The high dislocation density and low-angle boundaries inhibit the effects of hydrogen embrittlement in 316L and 321 steels.

ALLEGHENY LUDLUM MINIMISER 316/316L

Alloy Digest ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Crevice Corrosion ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Carbide Precipitation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Type 316L

Abstract Allegheny Ludlum 316 and 316L are corrosion resistant, molybdenum bearing austenitic stainless steels. Type 316L is the low carbon grade of type 316 offering decreased carbide precipitation. The MINIMISER form is an improved machinability version with a change in the sulfur composition, still maintaining the dual certification capability of the base type 316/316L grades. Like standard 316 and 316L stainless steels, MINIMISER 316/316L is more resistant to acids and pitting/crevice corrosion than the molybdenum-free 18-8 type stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, and elasticity. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-776. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation.

JESSOP TYPE 317L, 317L PLUS

Alloy Digest ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Elevated Temperature Strength ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Type 316L ◽  
Superior Corrosion Resistance

Abstract JESSOPTYPE 317L and 317L Plus are low-carbon austenitic stainless steels with somewhat higher alloy content than AISI type 316L. This gives them superior corrosion resistance in difficult environments as well as higher elevated temperature strength characteristics. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-502. Producer or source: Jessop Steel Company.

Reduction in Fretting Fatigue Strength of Austenitic Stainless Steels due to Internal Hydrogen

2014 ◽  
Vol 891-892 ◽  
pp. 891-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Komoda ◽  
Naoto Yoshigai ◽  
Masanobu Kubota ◽  
Jader Furtado
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Fretting Fatigue ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Internal Hydrogen ◽  
Major Factors

Fretting fatigue is one of the major factors in the design of hydrogen equipment. The effect of internal hydrogen on the fretting fatigue strength of austenitic stainless steels was studied. The internal hydrogen reduced the fretting fatigue strength. The reduction in the fretting fatigue strength became more significant with an increase in the hydrogen content. The reason for this reduction is that the internal hydrogen assisted the crack initiation. When the fretting fatigue test of the hydrogen-charged material was carried out in hydrogen gas, the fretting fatigue strength was the lowest. Internal hydrogen and gaseous hydrogen synergistically induced the reduction in the fretting fatigue strength of the austenitic stainless steels. In the gaseous hydrogen, fretting creates adhesion between contacting surfaces where severe plastic deformation occurs. The internal hydrogen is activated at the adhered part by the plastic deformation which results in further reduction of the crack initiation limit.

Evaluation of Hydrogen Environment Embrittlement and Fatigue Properties of Stainless Steels in High Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen: Investigation of Materials Properties in High Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen—2

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiko Omura ◽  
Mitsuo Miyahara ◽  
Hiroyuki Semba ◽  
Masaaki Igarashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Hirata
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Hydrogen Environment

Hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE) susceptibility in high pressure gaseous hydrogen was investigated on 300 series austenitic stainless steels and A6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Tensile properties of these materials were evaluated by Slow Strain Rate Testing (SSRT) in gaseous hydrogen pressurized up to 90MPa (13053 psig) in the temperature range from −40 to 85 degrees C (−40 to 185 degrees F). HEE susceptibilities of austenitic stainless steels strongly depended upon the chemical compositions and testing temperatures. A6061-T6 aluminum alloy showed no degradation by hydrogen. Fatigue properties in high pressure gaseous hydrogen were evaluated by the external cyclic pressurization test using tubular specimens. The tubular specimen was filled with high pressure hydrogen gas, and the outside of the specimen was cyclically pressurized with water. Type 304 showed a decrease in the fatigue life in hydrogen gas, while as for type 316L and A6061-T6 the difference of the fatigue life between hydrogen and argon environments was small. HEE susceptibility of investigated materials was discussed based on the stability of an austenitic structure.

Hydrogen Effect on the Deformation Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steels Investigated by Nanoindentation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Yuanjian Hong ◽  
Jinyang Zheng ◽  
Bai An ◽  
Chengshuang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Effect ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Stiffness Measurement ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Continuous Stiffness Measurement

A full understanding of hydrogen effect on deformation is important to reveal the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement. The effects of thermal gaseous hydrogen charging on 304 and 310S austenitic stainless steels have been examined by using nanoindentation. It is first found by using nanoindentation continuous stiffness measurement that hydrogen decreases the elastic modulus and increases the hardness in the initial stage of plastic deformation, while the hydrogen effect becomes weaker and remains nearly constant with further plastic deformation. Hydrogen increases the creep displacement in 310S steel, which indicates that hydrogen facilitates ambient creep. α′ martensite restrains the nanoindentation creep and hydrogen has little effect on the creep induced by α′ martensite.

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