Adapting the Cassini Curve to Approximate In Vivo Irreversible Electroporation Ablations in Porcine Liver

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new minimally invasive non-thermal focal ablation technique that has been used for the treatment of spontaneous tumors in canine and human patients [1, 2]. The procedure typically involves placing two electrodes into or around a tumor and delivering a series of low energy electric pulses to kill tumor tissue with sub-millimeter resolution. The pulses generate an electric field that alters the resting transmembrane potential (TMP) of the cells. Depending on the magnitude of the induced TMP, the electric pulses can have no effect, reversibly increase membrane permeability, or cause cell death in the case of IRE.

Download Full-text

A Comparison Between the Pulsed and Duty Cycle Approaches Used to Capture the Thermal Response of Tissue During Electroporation-Based Therapies

ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2012-80574 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paulo A. Garcia ◽

John A. Pearce ◽

Rafael V. Davalos

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Minimally Invasive ◽

Transmembrane Potential ◽

Tumor Tissue ◽

Irreversible Electroporation ◽

Thermal Response ◽

Low Energy ◽

Electric Pulses ◽

Focal Ablation ◽

Increase Membrane Permeability

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new minimally invasive non-thermal focal ablation technique that has been used for the treatment of spontaneous tumors in canine and human patients [1–4]. The procedure involves placing electrodes into or around a tumor and delivering a series of low energy electric pulses to kill tumor tissue with sub-millimeter resolution. The pulses generate an electric field that alters the resting transmembrane potential (TMP) of the cells [1]. Depending on the magnitude of the induced TMP, the electric pulses can have no effect, transiently increase membrane permeability, or cause cell death [1].

Download Full-text

A Method to Delineate Irreversible Electroporation From Thermal Damage Validated Ex Vivo With Real-Time Temperature

ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2011-53883 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Paulo A. Garcia ◽

John H. Rossmeisl ◽

Thomas L. Ellis ◽

Rafael V. Davalos

Keyword(s):

Transmembrane Potential ◽

Thermal Damage ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Irreversible Electroporation ◽

High Grade Glioma ◽

Low Energy ◽

Tissue Ablation ◽

High Grade ◽

Electric Pulses ◽

Increase Membrane Permeability

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new non-thermal focal tissue ablation technique that uses low-energy electric pulses to destabilize cell membranes, thus achieving tissue death [1]. The procedure is minimally invasive and is performed through small electrodes inserted into the tissue with pulse delivery of about one minute. The pulses create an electric field that induces an increase in the resting transmembrane potential (TMP) of the cells [1]. Depending on the magnitude of the induced TMP, the electric pulses can have no effect, transiently increase membrane permeability, or cause cell death [1]. Our group has confirmed the safety of the procedure in brain with three experimental dogs [2]. We also treated a canine patient with IRE and radiation therapy for a non-resectable, high-grade glioma, resulting in complete remission of the tumor at four months [3].

Download Full-text

In Vivo Validation of Irreversible Electroporation Electric Field Threshold for Prostate Tissue

10.1115/sbc2013-14425 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Robert E. Neal ◽

Helen Kavnoudias ◽

Franklin Rosenfeldt ◽

Ruchong Ou ◽

James Marron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Ablation ◽

Conventional Treatment ◽

Irreversible Electroporation ◽

Blood Perfusion ◽

Complete Regression ◽

Safety Study ◽

Electric Pulses ◽

Transmembrane Potentials ◽

Focal Ablation

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal focal ablation technique that uses needle electrodes to deliver a series of brief (100μs duration) electric pulses into the targeted region. These alter cellular transmembrane potentials, destabilizing the membranes in a manner that kills the cells while sparing major vasculature and other sensitive structures. IRE can therefore be used in regions ineligible for surgical resection or thermal ablation. Treatments result in rapid lesion creation and resolution [1], are unaffected by the blood perfusion “heat sink”, can be planned with numerical modeling [2], and its effects can be readily monitored with various imaging modalities [3]. Therapeutic ire has proven effective in the treatment of experimental [4] and clinical tumors. A human safety study attained complete regression in 46 of 69 tumors ineligible or unresponsive to conventional treatment [5], and veterinary case studies convey its utility in large difficult tumors [6, 7].

Download Full-text

Abstract No. 142: Characterization and optimization of irreversible electroporation (IRE) ablation arrays in in-vivo porcine liver

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology ◽

10.1016/j.jvir.2011.01.157 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. S62-S63 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Appelbaum ◽

E. Ben David ◽

J. Sosna ◽

I. Nissenbaum ◽

S. Goldberg

Keyword(s):

Irreversible Electroporation ◽

Porcine Liver

Download Full-text

Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) to Treat Brain Tumors

ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2008-192992 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Paulo A. Garcia ◽

John Robertson ◽

John Rossmeisl ◽

Rafael V. Davalos

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Cell Membrane ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

High Voltage ◽

Electric Pulse ◽

Irreversible Electroporation ◽

Transient Effect ◽

Electric Pulses ◽

Thermal Cell ◽

Reversible Electroporation

Electroporation is the phenomenon in which permeability of the cell membrane to ions and macromolecules is increased by exposing the cell to short (microsecond to millisecond) high voltage electric pulses [1]. The application of the electric pulse can have no effect, can have a transient effect known as reversible electroporation, or can cause permanent permeation known as irreversible electroporation (IRE) which leads to non-thermal cell death by necrosis [1, 2].

Download Full-text

Time-Dependent Impact of Irreversible Electroporation on Pathology and Ablation Size in the Porcine Liver: A 24-Hour Experimental Study

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment ◽

10.1177/1533033819876899 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 153303381987689 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jantien A. Vogel ◽

Eran van Veldhuisen ◽

Lindy K. Alles ◽

Olivier R. Busch ◽

Frederike Dijk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Irreversible Electroporation ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Porcine Liver ◽

Electrical Pulses ◽

Microscopic Pathology ◽

The Impact

Irreversible electroporation causes cell death through low frequency, high voltage electrical pulses and is increasingly used to treat non-resectable cancers. A recent systematic review revealed that tissue damage through irreversible electroporation is time-dependent, but the impact of time on the ablation zone size remains unknown. Irreversible electroporation ablations were performed hourly during 24 consecutive hours in the peripheral liver of 2 anaesthetized domestic pigs using clinical treatment settings. Immediately after the 24th ablation, the livers were harvested and examined for tissue response in time based on macroscopic and microscopic pathology. The impact of time on these outcomes was assessed with Spearman rank correlation test. Ablation zones were sharply demarcated as early as 1 hour after treatment. During 24 hours, the ablation zones showed a significant increase in diameter (rs = 0.493, P = .014) and total surface (rs = 0.499, P = .013), whereas the impact of time on the homogeneous ablated area was not significant (rs = 0.172, P = .421). Therefore, the increase in size could mainly be attributed to an increase in the transition zone. Microscopically, the ablation zones showed progression in cell death and inflammation. This study assessed the dynamics of irreversible electroporation on the porcine liver during 24 consecutive hours and found that the pathological response (ie, cell death/inflammation), and ablation size continue to develop for at least 24 hours. Consequently, future studies on irreversible electroporation should prolong their observation period.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of electroporated area using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride in a potato model

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-99987-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seung Jeong ◽

Hongbae Kim ◽

Junhyung Park ◽

Ki Woo Kim ◽

Sung Bo Sim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Cell Membrane ◽

Irreversible Electroporation ◽

Tissue Ablation ◽

Target Tissue ◽

Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽

Tissue Model ◽

Electric Pulses ◽

Reversible Electroporation ◽

Over Time

AbstractIrreversible electroporation (IRE) is a tissue ablation method, uses short high electric pulses and results in cell death in target tissue by irreversibly permeabilizing the cell membrane. Potato is commonly used as a tissue model for electroporation experiments. The blackened area that forms 12 h after electric pulsing is regarded as an IRE-ablated area caused by melanin accumulation. Here, the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) was used as a dye to assess the IRE-ablated area 3 h after potato model ablation. Comparison between the blackened area and TTC-unstained white area in various voltage conditions showed that TTC staining well delineated the IRE-ablated area. Moreover, whether the ablated area was consistent over time and at different staining times was investigated. In addition, the presumed reversible electroporation (RE) area was formed surrounding the IRE-ablated area. Overall, TTC staining can provide a more rapid and accurate electroporated area evaluation.

Download Full-text

Ultrasound and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Evaluation of Irreversible Electroporation Ablation: In Vivo Proof of Concept in Normal Porcine Liver

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology ◽

10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.07.007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 (11) ◽

pp. 2639-2649 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Man-Xia Lin ◽

Ming Kuang ◽

Ming Xu ◽

Bo-Wen Zhuang ◽

Wen-Shuo Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irreversible Electroporation ◽

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Porcine Liver ◽

Contrast Enhanced

Download Full-text

Pilot Study on the Enhancement of Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) With Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)

ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2009-204262 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher B. Arena ◽

Marissa Nichole Rylander ◽

Rafael V. Davalos

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Irreversible Electroporation ◽

Low Energy ◽

Great Promise ◽

Invasive Technique ◽

Sharp Transition ◽

Electric Pulses ◽

Treated Area ◽

Cell Ablation ◽

Molecular Surgery

Non-thermal irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new, minimally invasive technique that has shown great promise for the ablation of tumors [1]. The procedure involves placing electrodes into or around a targeted tissue and delivering a series of low energy (intense but short) electric pulses for approximately one minute. These pulses induce irreversible structural changes in the cell membranes of the targeted tissue that lead to cell death. Because IRE affects only a single molecular component of the treated area, the cell membrane, it is the first true molecular surgery. IRE has the ability to create complete and predictable cell ablation with a sharp transition between normal and necrotic tissue.

Download Full-text