scholarly journals Evaluation of electroporated area using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride in a potato model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Jeong ◽  
Hongbae Kim ◽  
Junhyung Park ◽  
Ki Woo Kim ◽  
Sung Bo Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Tissue Ablation ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tissue Model ◽  
Electric Pulses ◽  
Reversible Electroporation ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIrreversible electroporation (IRE) is a tissue ablation method, uses short high electric pulses and results in cell death in target tissue by irreversibly permeabilizing the cell membrane. Potato is commonly used as a tissue model for electroporation experiments. The blackened area that forms 12 h after electric pulsing is regarded as an IRE-ablated area caused by melanin accumulation. Here, the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) was used as a dye to assess the IRE-ablated area 3 h after potato model ablation. Comparison between the blackened area and TTC-unstained white area in various voltage conditions showed that TTC staining well delineated the IRE-ablated area. Moreover, whether the ablated area was consistent over time and at different staining times was investigated. In addition, the presumed reversible electroporation (RE) area was formed surrounding the IRE-ablated area. Overall, TTC staining can provide a more rapid and accurate electroporated area evaluation.

Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) to Treat Brain Tumors

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo A. Garcia ◽  
John Robertson ◽  
John Rossmeisl ◽  
Rafael V. Davalos
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Electric Pulse ◽  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Transient Effect ◽  
Electric Pulses ◽  
Thermal Cell ◽  
Reversible Electroporation

Electroporation is the phenomenon in which permeability of the cell membrane to ions and macromolecules is increased by exposing the cell to short (microsecond to millisecond) high voltage electric pulses [1]. The application of the electric pulse can have no effect, can have a transient effect known as reversible electroporation, or can cause permanent permeation known as irreversible electroporation (IRE) which leads to non-thermal cell death by necrosis [1, 2].

Feasibility Study for Applying Irreversible Electroporation to the Treatment of Breast Cancer

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Neal ◽  
Ravi Singh ◽  
Suzy Torti ◽  
Rafael V. Davalos
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Tissue Ablation ◽  
Electric Pulses ◽  
A Cell

Non-thermal irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new, minimally invasive, localized tissue ablation technique [1]. The procedure uses electrodes to deliver short-length, high voltage electric pulses to destabilize a cell membrane, leading to the creation of nanopores. When the pulses are strong enough, the cell cannot repair the damage and dies [2]. It has been shown that substantial volumes of tissue and cutaneous tumors may be ablated in a non-thermal manner using irreversible electroporation [1, 3]. In addition, this procedure may be predicted by numerical modeling, promotes an immune response, leaves the extracellular matrix intact, does not affect nerves, may be monitored in real-time, and preserves tissue vasculature [2–5].

Irreversible Electroporation in Medicine

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Rubinsky
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Tissue Ablation ◽  
Cell Homeostasis ◽  
Electrical Fields ◽  
A Cell

This is a brief introduction to the emerging field of irreversible electroporation in medicine. Certain electrical fields when applied across a cell can have as a sole effect the permeabilization of the cell membrane, presumable through the formation of nanoscale defects in the cell membrane. Sometimes this process leads to cell death, primarily when the electrical fields cause permanent permeabilization of the membrane and the consequent loss of cell homeostasis, in a process known as irreversible electroporation. This is an unusual mode of cell death that is not understood yet. While the phenomenon of irreversible electroporation may have been known for centuries it has become only recently rigorously considered in medicine for various applications of tissue ablation. A brief historical perspective of irreversible electroporation is presented and recent studies in the field are discussed.

Adapting the Cassini Curve to Approximate In Vivo Irreversible Electroporation Ablations in Porcine Liver

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo A. Garcia ◽  
Christopher B. Arena ◽  
Robert E. Neal ◽  
S. Nahum Goldberg ◽  
Eliel Ben-David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Transmembrane Potential ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Porcine Liver ◽  
Electric Pulses ◽  
Focal Ablation ◽  
Increase Membrane Permeability

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new minimally invasive non-thermal focal ablation technique that has been used for the treatment of spontaneous tumors in canine and human patients [1, 2]. The procedure typically involves placing two electrodes into or around a tumor and delivering a series of low energy electric pulses to kill tumor tissue with sub-millimeter resolution. The pulses generate an electric field that alters the resting transmembrane potential (TMP) of the cells. Depending on the magnitude of the induced TMP, the electric pulses can have no effect, reversibly increase membrane permeability, or cause cell death in the case of IRE.

An Autonomous Cell Type Selective Irreversible Electroporation Microsystem Using Insulator Based Dielectrophoresis (IDEP)

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Shafiee ◽  
Rafael V. Davalos
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Dc Offset ◽  
Ac Field

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a method to kill cells by exposing the cell to intense electric field pulses[1]. It is postulated that the lipid bilayer rearranges to create permanent defects in the cell membrane which eventually leads to cell death via necrosis[1]. We postulate that the recurrence of cancer for patients treated for the disease would be minimized if their blood was monitored using a microdevice which would destroy existing or new exfoliated cancer cells. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is the motion of polarizable particles that are suspended in an electrolyte when subjected to a spatially nonuniform electric field [2]. Insulator-based DEP uses insulating structures rather than electrode arrays to produce the nonuniform fields needed to drive DEP. We hypothesize that iDEP can enable the selective IRE of a particular cell type within a microfluidic platform. This manuscript demonstrates through modeling the feasibility of coupling iDEP with IRE using an AC field with a DC offset. Such a platform could be used to selectively destroy isolate cancer cells while not affecting normal cells.

scholarly journals Single exponential decay waveform; a synergistic combination of electroporation and electrolysis (E2) for tissue ablation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Klein ◽  
Enric Guenther ◽  
Paul Mikus ◽  
Michael K Stehling ◽  
Boris Rubinsky
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Exponential Decay ◽  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Tissue Ablation ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
New Device ◽  
Reversible Electroporation ◽  
Electrolytic Ablation ◽  
Synergistic Combination ◽  
Single Exponential

Background: Electrolytic ablation and electroporation based ablation are minimally invasive, non-thermal surgical technologies that employ electrical currents and electric fields to ablate undesirable cells in a volume of tissue. In this study we explore the attributes of a new tissue ablation technology that simultaneously delivers a synergistic combination of electroporation and electrolysis (E2). Method: A new device that delivers a controlled dose of electroporation field and electrolysis currents in the form of a single exponential decay waveform (EDW), was applied to the pig liver and the effect of various parameters on the extent of tissue ablation was examined with histology. Results: Histological analysis shows that E2 delivered as EDW can produce tissue ablation in volumes of clinical significance, using electrical and temporal parameters which, if used in electroporation or electrolysis separately, cannot ablate the tissue Discussion: The E2 combination has advantages over the three basic technologies of non-thermal ablation: electrolytic ablation, electrochemical ablation (reversible electroporation with injection of drugs) and irreversible electroporation. E2 ablates clinically relevant volumes of tissue in a shorter period of time than electrolysis and electroporation, without the need to inject drugs as in reversible electroporation or use paralyzing anesthesia as in irreversible electroporation.

Phase Change Electrodes for Reducing Joule Heating During Irreversible Electroporation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Arena ◽  
Roop L. Mahajan ◽  
Marissa Nichole Rylander ◽  
Rafael V. Davalos
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Tissue Ablation ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Ablation Volume ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Membrane Defects ◽  
Viable Treatment

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal tissue ablation modality that is gaining momentum as a viable treatment option for tumors and other non-cancerous pathologies [1]. The protocol consists of delivering a series of short (∼ 100 μs) and intense (∼ 1000 V/cm) pulsed electric fields through electrodes inserted directly into or around a targeted tissue. The pulses induce a rapid buildup of charge across the plasma membrane of cells comprising the tissue that results in the creation of permanent membrane defects, ultimately leading to cell death. Because the extent of cell death relies predominately on the extent of charge buildup and not thermal processes, extracellular matrix components are spared, including major nerve and blood vessel architecture. Additionally, the ablation volume is predictable based on the electric field distribution and visible in real-time via MRI, CT, and ultrasound.

An In Vitro Study on Adjuvant Enhanced Irreversible Electroporation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlan Jiang ◽  
Zhenpeng Qin ◽  
Gary Long ◽  
John C. Bischof
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Careful Choice ◽  
Electrical Pulses

Recently, irreversible electroporation (IRE) has emerged as a promising tumor ablation technique. IRE induces cell death by irreversibly compromising membrane integrity with a series of short, high voltage electrical pulses [1]. IRE offers many advantages over surgery and thermal ablations including that it 1) is fast and minimally invasive, 2) destroys the tumor while preserving adjacent connective tissues [2], and 3) can be delivered with negligible thermal injury [3]. Here we hypothesize that the thresholds necessary to successfully electroporate cancer cell membranes, and therefore more effectively destroy an entire tumor, can be dramatically improved by careful choice of 1) electroporation parameter, and 2) chemical adjuvants that specifically impact the cell membrane.

scholarly journals Ablation Modalities for Therapeutic Intervention in Arrhythmia-Related Cardiovascular Disease: Focus on Electroporation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2657
Author(s):  
Shauna McBride ◽  
Sahar Avazzadeh ◽  
Antony M. Wheatley ◽  
Barry O’Brien ◽  
Ken Coffey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Structural Heart Disease ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Reversible Electroporation ◽  
Disease Focus

Targeted cellular ablation is being increasingly used in the treatment of arrhythmias and structural heart disease. Catheter-based ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is considered a safe and effective approach for patients who are medication refractory. Electroporation (EPo) employs electrical energy to disrupt cell membranes which has a minimally thermal effect. The nanopores that arise from EPo can be temporary or permanent. Reversible electroporation is transitory in nature and cell viability is maintained, whereas irreversible electroporation causes permanent pore formation, leading to loss of cellular homeostasis and cell death. Several studies report that EPo displays a degree of specificity in terms of the lethal threshold required to induce cell death in different tissues. However, significantly more research is required to scope the profile of EPo thresholds for specific cell types within complex tissues. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) as an ablative approach appears to overcome the significant negative effects associated with thermal based techniques, particularly collateral damage to surrounding structures. With further fine-tuning of parameters and longer and larger clinical trials, EPo may lead the way of adapting a safer and efficient ablation modality for the treatment of persistent AF.

scholarly journals Microfluidic Irreversible Electroporation – A Versatile Tool to Extract Intracellular Contents of Bacteria and Yeast

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Rockenbach ◽  
Suresh Sudarsan ◽  
Judith Berens ◽  
Michael Kosubek ◽  
Jaroslav Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Industrial Biotechnology ◽  
Electric Pulses ◽  
Rapid Sampling ◽  
Versatile Tool

Exploring the dynamic behavior of cellular metabolism requires a standard laboratory method that guarantees rapid sampling and extraction of the cellular content. We propose a versatile sampling technique applicable to cells with different cell wall and cell membrane properties. The technique is based on irreversible electroporation with simultaneous quenching and extraction by using a microfluidic device. By application of electric pulses in the millisecond range, permanent lethal pores are formed in the cell membrane of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, facilitating the release of the cellular contents; here demonstrated by the measurement of glucose-6-phosphate and the activity of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The successful application of this device was demonstrated by pulsed electric field treatment in a flow-through configuration of the microfluidic chip in combination with sampling, inactivation, and extraction of the intracellular content in a few seconds. Minimum electric field strengths of 10 kV/cm for E. coli and 7.5 kV/cm for yeast S. cerevisiae were required for successful cell lysis. The results are discussed in the context of applications in industrial biotechnology, where metabolomics analyses are important.

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