Hysteresis and Viscoelastic Modeling of a Piezo-Optic Voltage Sensor

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Seeley ◽  
Glen Koste ◽  
Craig Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
Voltage Sensor ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Optical Wave ◽  
Viscoelastic Effects ◽  
Standard Linear Solid ◽  
Standard Linear ◽  
Optical Wave Guide ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Viscoelastic Modeling

There is growing interest in sensor technology that is immune to electro-magnetic interference. By nature, development of this technology covers multiple physical domains including electronics, optics, mechanics and materials. This paper discusses development of a mathematical model to compensate for the hysteresis and viscoelastic effects of a piezo-optic voltage sensor. The sensor utilizes piezoelectric fibers with interdigitated electrodes coupled to an optical wave guide via a dielectric matrix. The unknown voltage energizes the piezoelectric fibers to deform fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) on the waveguide. Therefore, a measurable change in wavelength is related to the unknown voltage. The hysteresis model is based on Rayleigh’s Law of magnetization that is adapted for the coupled piezoelectric and optic response, and the viscoelastic model is based on the standard linear solid model using springs and dashpots in combination. Model results compare favorably with experimental results.

Packaging and Performance of a Piezo-Optic Voltage Sensor

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Seeley ◽  
Glen Koste ◽  
Ben Tran ◽  
Tom Dermis
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Sensor ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Optical Wave ◽  
Lamination Process ◽  
Optical Wave Guide ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Mission Profile ◽  
Measurable Change

There is growing interest in sensor technology that is immune to electro-magnetic interference. By nature, development of this technology covers multiple physical domains including electronics, optics, mechanics and materials. This paper discusses the design, fabrication and characterization of a piezooptic voltage sensor. The sensor utilizes piezoelectric fibers with interdigitated electrodes coupled to an optical wave guide via a dielectric matrix. The unknown voltage energizes the piezoelectric fibers to deform fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) on the waveguide. Therefore, a measurable change in wavelength is related to the unknown voltage. The sensor is fabricated using a high quality, repeatable lamination process that does not require the handling of individual piezoelectric fibers. Characterization tests indicate the utility of the sensor in a simulated mission profile. Issues such as hysteresis, creep and optical polarization dependence were also identified.

scholarly journals Application of a Viscoelastic Model to Creep Settlement of High-Fill Embankments

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Liang Jia ◽  
Guangli Huang
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Time Calculation ◽  
Load Increase ◽  
Hereditary Integral ◽  
Standard Linear Solid ◽  
Standard Linear ◽  
Precise Prediction

In order to predict the creep settlement of high-fill embankments, the time-dependent viscoelastic model of Poynting–Thomson (the standard linear solid) has been chosen to represent the creep behavior of soils. In the present study, the hereditary integral was applied to calculate the strain while the load increase is varied with time. Calculation expressions of the creep settlement of an embankment during and after construction were obtained under one-dimensional compression conditions. Using this approach, the three parameters of every layer can be determined and adjusted to accommodate in situ monitoring data. The calculated results agreed well with those from the field, which imply that the method proposed in this paper can give a precise prediction of creep settlement of high-fill embankments.

Fractional Derivative Viscoelastic Model for the Analysis of Two Colliding Spherical Shells

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury A. Rossikhin ◽  
Marina V. Shitikova
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Derivative ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
Wave Fronts ◽  
Spherical Shells ◽  
Reflected Waves ◽  
Standard Linear Solid ◽  
Standard Linear ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Contact Domain

The collision of two isotropic spherical shells is investigated for the case when the viscoelastic features of the shells represent themselves only in the place of contact and are governed by the standard linear solid model with fractional derivatives. Thus, the problem concerns the shock interaction of two shells, wherein the generalized fractional-derivative standard linear law instead of the Hertz contact law is employed as a low of interaction. The pans of the shells beyond the contact domain are assumed to be elastic, and their behavior is described by the equations of motion which take rotary inertia and shear deformations into account. The model developed here suggests that after the moment of impact quasi-longitudinal and quasi-transverse shock waves are generated, which then propagate along the spherical shells. Due to the short duration of contact interaction, the reflected waves are not taken into account. The solution behind the wave fronts is constructed with the help of the theory of discontinuities. To determine the desired values behind the wave fronts, one-term ray expansions are used, as well as the equations of motion of the contact domains for the both spherical shells.

Stability Analysis for Haptic Rendering of Virtual Kelvin Viscoelastic Objects

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tama´s Kerekes ◽  
Ali Bonakdar ◽  
Jo´zsef Ko¨vecses
Keyword(s):  
Pid Control ◽  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
Solid Model ◽  
Haptic Display ◽  
Single Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Kelvin Model ◽  
Standard Linear Solid Model ◽  
Standard Linear Solid ◽  
Standard Linear ◽  
The Stability

In this paper we investigate the stability properties of a single degree of freedom (DoF) haptic display while a virtual viscoelastic object is touched where the viscoelastic object is modeled using the standard linear solid model (also called the Kelvin model). We will demonstrate that this model leads to a discrete-time PID control-like representation of the virtual environment. A detailed dynamic analysis and simulations are presented in this paper with a particular attention to determine stability charts in the space of the parameters given by the virtual viscoelastic model.

The Rolling Contact of a Rigid Cylinder With a Viscoelastic Half Space

1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Problem ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Inertial Forces ◽  
Viscoelastic Solid ◽  
Rolling Velocity ◽  
Rigid Cylinder ◽  
Viscoelastic Effects ◽  
Standard Linear Solid ◽  
Standard Linear ◽  
Intermediate Value

The problem of a rigid cylinder rolling on the surface of a viscoelastic solid is solved in an approximation in which inertial forces are neglected. With the introduction of viscoelastic effects, the symmetry associated with the corresponding elastic problem is destroyed, and in particular the cylinder motion is impeded by a resistive force. For a standard linear solid, the resulting coefficient of friction, a function of the rolling velocity V, tends to zero for small and large values of V, and attains a single maximum at an intermediate value.

A Nonlinear Viscoelastic Model for Polyester Mooring Line Analysis

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Kim ◽  
J. H. Kyoung ◽  
A. Sablok ◽  
K. Lambrakos
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
Line Tension ◽  
Mooring Line ◽  
Prony Series ◽  
Nonlinear Viscoelastic ◽  
Standard Linear Solid ◽  
Standard Linear ◽  
Nonlinear Viscoelastic Model

A viscoelastic model considering multiple relaxation times and nonlinearity in dynamic stiffness has been developed. The model is based on the Maxwell-Wiechert model, which is an extension of an earlier model based on the standard linear solid (SLS) model. The time-dependent elastic modulus of polyester rope is represented by a 4-term Prony series (MW4 model). Relaxation times and coefficients of the Prony series have been determined from test data of dynamic stiffness at different loading periods. Nonlinearity in dynamic stiffness is considered by iteratively adjusting the dynamic stiffness of polyester rope based on the calculated mean load on the rope. The developed model has been applied in the global performance analysis of a Spar platform moored in deep water. Platform offset and mooring-line tension comparisons between the SLS and the MW4 models are given for intact and broken mooring-line cases.

Efficient 3-D viscoelastic modeling with application to near‐surface land seismic data

Geophysics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 601-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Xu ◽  
George A. McMechan
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Thrust Zone ◽  
Standard Linear Solid ◽  
Standard Linear ◽  
Time Formulation ◽  
Viscoelastic Modeling

Three‐dimensional viscoelastic modeling is implemented by reparameterizing the viscoelastic wave equation for a standard linear solid. The formulation uses weighting factors corresponding to relaxation frequencies and composite memory variables. This novel 3-D formulation requires less computer memory than the traditional relaxation time formulation because one set of relaxation frequencies can be used for all mechanisms for all parts of a model, and only three sets of composite memory variables are needed rather than the seven used in the standard implementation, giving a net reduction of 40% in the total required memory. Computational time is also reduced approximately 25% because of reduced input/output (I/O). The algorithm is applied to 3-D modeling of the viscoelastic response of the near‐surface structure beneath a 3-D reflection survey in the Ouachita frontal thrust zone of southeast Oklahoma. Comparison of the 3-D field data with both viscoelastic and elastic response clearly demonstrates the importance of inclusion of viscoelasticity when accurate amplitude fitting is desired. Observed amplitude and traveltime variations can be explained by shallow velocity and Q distributions obtained independently by 3-D tomography.

Viscoelastic Behavior of a Centrally Loaded Circular Film Being Clamped at the Circumference

2007 ◽  
Vol 1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L Oyen ◽  
Kuo-kang Liu ◽  
Kai-tak Wan
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Viscoelastic Response ◽  
Circular Membrane ◽  
Hydrogel Membrane ◽  
Standard Linear Solid ◽  
Standard Linear ◽  
Preliminary Stress ◽  
Relaxation Experiments

AbstractA new theoretical model is constructed for the viscoelastic response of a clamped circular membrane deformed by a spherical indenter, using the classical Maxwell and Standard Linear Solid (SLS) constitutive equations. Preliminary stress-relaxation experiments are performed for a hydrogel membrane and the corresponding data fitted to the SLS-based viscoelastic model.

scholarly journals Dynamic force microscopy simulator (dForce): A tool for planning and understanding tapping and bimodal AFM experiments

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 369-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio V Guzman ◽  
Pablo D Garcia ◽  
Ricardo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
Surface Force ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic ◽  
Standard Linear Solid ◽  
Standard Linear ◽  
Optimal Accuracy ◽  
The One

We present a simulation environment, dForce, which can be used for a better understanding of dynamic force microscopy experiments. The simulator presents the cantilever–tip dynamics for two dynamic AFM methods, tapping mode AFM and bimodal AFM. It can be applied for a wide variety of experimental situations in air or liquid. The code provides all the variables and parameters relevant in those modes, for example, the instantaneous deflection and tip–surface force, velocity, virial, dissipated energy, sample deformation and peak force as a function of time or distance. The simulator includes a variety of interactions and contact mechanics models to describe AFM experiments including: van der Waals, Hertz, DMT, JKR, bottom effect cone correction, linear viscoelastic forces or the standard linear solid viscoelastic model. We have compared two numerical integration methods to select the one that offers optimal accuracy and speed. The graphical user interface has been designed to facilitate the navigation of non-experts in simulations. Finally, the accuracy of dForce has been tested against numerical simulations performed during the last 18 years.

scholarly journals Stable and Efficient Modeling of Anelastic Attenuation in Seismic Wave Propagation

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Anders Petersson ◽  
Björn Sjögreen
Keyword(s):  
Wave Equation ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Half Space ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Finite Difference Approximation ◽  
Difference Approximation ◽  
Space Problem ◽  
Standard Linear Solid ◽  
Standard Linear

AbstractWe develop a stable finite difference approximation of the three-dimensional viscoelastic wave equation. The material model is a super-imposition of N standard linear solid mechanisms, which commonly is used in seismology to model a material with constant quality factor Q. The proposed scheme discretizes the governing equations in second order displacement formulation using 3N memory variables, making it significantly more memory efficient than the commonly used first order velocity-stress formulation. The new scheme is a generalization of our energy conserving finite difference scheme for the elastic wave equation in second order formulation [SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 45 (2007), pp. 1902-1936]. Our main result is a proof that the proposed discretization is energy stable, even in the case of variable material properties. The proof relies on the summation-by-parts property of the discretization. The new scheme is implemented with grid refinement with hanging nodes on the interface. Numerical experiments verify the accuracy and stability of the new scheme. Semi-analytical solutions for a half-space problem and the LOH.3 layer over half-space problem are used to demonstrate how the number of viscoelastic mechanisms and the grid resolution influence the accuracy. We find that three standard linear solid mechanisms usually are sufficient to make the modeling error smaller than the discretization error.

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