The anal secretory apparatus of Eriophyoidea and description of Phyllocoptes bilobospinosus n. sp. (Acariformes: Eriophyidae) from Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) from Ukraine, Crimea and USA 

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Philipp Chetverikov ◽  
Samuel J. Bolton ◽  
Alexander I. Gubin ◽  
Viktoria Yu. Letukhova ◽  
Andrey E. Vishnyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Prodorsal Shield ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Anal Glands ◽  
Large Spike ◽  
Secretory Apparatus

A new vagrant phyllocoptine species, Phyllocoptes bilobospinosus n. sp. (Eriophyidae, Phyllocoptinae), found on tamarisks (Tamarix tetrandra Pallas, T. smyrnensis Bunge, T. ramossisima Ledeb) in Donbass (Ukraine), Crimea, and USA is described based on conventional light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Apart from two distinct areas of ventral cuticle bearing large, spike-like microtubercles, the new species possesses a thin translucent supracapitular plate (situated below the frontal lobe of the prodorsal shield), a short longitudinal ventral ridge anterior to the anal lobes, and unusual internal tube-like structures associated with the rectum. Careful examination of purposefully made slide mounts of partially cleared specimens revealed that adults of P. bilobospinosus possess a complex of structures associated with the rectum, including a hypertrophied, four-lobed putative anal gland and four thin tubes connected with a rectal sac. Similar tubular structures previously described in aberoptine mites of the genus Aberoptus from Brazilian Cesalpiniaceae are discussed. The synonymy of genera Aberoptus Keifer and Aceria Keifer is rejected and a new combination, Aberoptus inusitatus (Britto & Navia (in Britto et al. 2008)) n. comb., is proposed. A brief review of the anal glands of Eriophyoidea is given, including a discussion on homology and the variety of forms of the anal secretory apparatus among eriophyoid genera. Further research is needed on the anatomy of anal glands in Eriophyoidea, including transmission electron microscopy based histological analyses and additional studies of eriophyoids with well-developed secretory structures associated with the rectum. These methods will lead to a much better understanding of the evolution and homology of the anal secretory apparatus, which may render it useful for future phylogenetic studies.

Oziella sibirica (Acari: Eriophyoidea: Phytoptidae), a new eriophyoid mite species described using confocal microscopy, COI barcoding and 3D surface reconstruction

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3560 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIPP E. CHETVERIKOV ◽  
FRÉDÉRIC BEAULIEU ◽  
TATJANA CVRKOVIĆ ◽  
BILJANA VIDOVIĆ ◽  
RADMILA U. PETANOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Prodorsal Shield ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Internal Genitalia

Oziella sibirica sp. nov., collected from sedges (Cyperaceae: Carex macroura) in Siberia, Russia, is herein describedbased on the external morphology of all active instars using primarily conventional phase contrast microscopy, andon the female internal genitalia and prodorsal shield design using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)imaging and a 3D modelling technique. A partial mitochondrial COI gene sequence of O. sibirica sp. nov. is alsoprovided, through GenBank, and this represents the first published record of any gene sequence data for the familyPhytoptidae. We present remarks on the phylogenetic significance of the position of setae 3a in immature instars oferiophyoids and on the ontogenic variability of the empodium morphology of O. sibirica sp. nov. Using this speciesas a model, we propose a method for describing the internal genitalia of eriophyoids based on CLSM. We advocatethe use of CLSM imaging as a new, relatively simple technique for observing and describing the internal genitalia oferiophyoids, as these largely unexplored genitalic structures may provide phylogenetically meaningful informationfor improving the classification of this poorly understood group of mites. In addition, CLSM may complementconventional light microscopy techniques in facilitating the interpretation of external structures such as body ornamentation or chaetotaxy.

Human cytomegalovirus UL37 immediate-early regulatory proteins traffic through the secretory apparatus and to mitochondria

Microbiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 1779-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaris M. Colberg-Poley ◽  
Mital B. Patel ◽  
Darwin P. P. Erezo ◽  
Jay E. Slater
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Secretory Apparatus

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL36–38 immediate-early (IE) locus encodes the UL37 exon 1 (pUL37x1) and UL37 (gpUL37) regulatory proteins, which have anti-apoptotic activities. pUL37x1 shares its entire sequence, including a hydrophobic leader and an acidic domain, with the exception of one residue, with the amino terminus of gpUL37. gpUL37 has, in addition, unique N-linked glycosylation, transmembrane and cytosolic domains. A rabbit polyvalent antiserum was generated against residues 27–40 in the shared amino-terminal domain and a mouse polyvalent antiserum was generated against the full-length protein to study trafficking of individual UL37 proteins in human cells that transiently expressed gpUL37 or pUL37x1. Co-localization studies by confocal laser scanning microscopy detected trafficking of gpUL37 and pUL37x1 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus in permissive U373 cells and in human diploid fibroblasts (HFF). Trafficking of gpUL37 to the cellular plasma membrane was detected in unfixed HFF cells. FLAG-tagged gpUL37 trafficked similarly through the secretory apparatus to the plasma membrane. By using confocal microscopy and immunoblotting of fractionated cells, gpUL37 and pUL37x1 were found to co-localize with mitochondria in human cells. This unconventional dual trafficking pattern through the secretory apparatus and to mitochondria is novel for herpesvirus IE regulatory proteins.

3-D imaging of cells using a confocal laser scanning microscope and digital image processing

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Jovin ◽  
Michel Robert-Nicoud ◽  
Donna J. Arndt-Jovin ◽  
Thorsten Schormann
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Adjacent Structures

Light microscopic techniques for visualizing biomolecules and biochemical processes in situ have become indispensable in studies concerning the structural organization of supramolecular assemblies in cells and of processes during the cell cycle, transformation, differentiation, and development. Confocal laser scanning microscopy offers a number of advantages for the in situ localization and quantitation of fluorescence labeled targets and probes: (i) rejection of interfering signals emanating from out-of-focus and adjacent structures, allowing the “optical sectioning” of the specimen and 3-D reconstruction without time consuming deconvolution; (ii) increased spatial resolution; (iii) electronic control of contrast and magnification; (iv) simultanous imaging of the specimen by optical phenomena based on incident, scattered, emitted, and transmitted light; and (v) simultanous use of different fluorescent probes and types of detectors.We currently use a confocal laser scanning microscope CLSM (Zeiss, Oberkochen) equipped with 3-laser excitation (u.v - visible) and confocal optics in the fluorescence mode, as well as a computer-controlled X-Y-Z scanning stage with 0.1 μ resolution.

Vacuoles Induced in Mammalian Cells by Helicobacter Cytotoxin are Acidic Organelles

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
M. H. Chestnut ◽  
C. E. Catrenich
Keyword(s):  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Gastroduodenal Disease ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a non-invasive, Gram-negative spiral bacterium first identified in 1983, and subsequently implicated in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal disease including gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Cytotoxic activity, manifested by intracytoplasmic vacuolation of mammalian cells in vitro, was identified in 55% of H. pylori strains examined. The vacuoles increase in number and size during extended incubation, resulting in vacuolar and cellular degeneration after 24 h to 48 h. Vacuolation of gastric epithelial cells is also observed in vivo during infection by H. pylori. A high molecular weight, heat labile protein is believed to be responsible for vacuolation and to significantly contribute to the development of gastroduodenal disease in humans. The mechanism by which the cytotoxin exerts its effect is unknown, as is the intracellular origin of the vacuolar membrane and contents. Acridine orange is a membrane-permeant weak base that initially accumulates in low-pH compartments. We have used acridine orange accumulation in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy of toxin-treated cells to begin probing the nature and origin of these vacuoles.

Use of confocal laser scanning microscopy and a computer model to understand ink cavitation and filamentation

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
HANNA KOIVULA ◽  
DOUGLAS BOUSFIELD ◽  
MARTTI TOIVAKKA
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Printing Speed

In the offset printing process, ink film splitting has an important impact on formation of ink filaments. The filament size and its distribution influence the leveling of ink and hence affect ink setting and the print quality. However, ink filaments are difficult to image due to their short lifetime and fine length scale. Due to this difficulty, limited work has been reported on the parameters that influence filament size and methods to characterize it. We imaged ink filament remains and quantified some of their characteristics by changing printing speed, ink amount, and fountain solution type. Printed samples were prepared using a laboratory printability tester with varying ink levels and operating settings. Rhodamine B dye was incorporated into fountain solutions to aid in the detection of the filaments. The prints were then imaged with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and images were further analyzed for their surface topography. Modeling of the pressure pulses in the printing nip was included to better understand the mechanism of filament formation and the origin of filament length scale. Printing speed and ink amount changed the size distribution of the observed filament remains. There was no significant difference between fountain solutions with or without isopropyl alcohol on the observed patterns of the filament remains.

ACTIVATED SLUDGE FLOC CHARACTERIZATION BY CONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szabolcs Szilveszter ◽  
Botond Raduly ◽  
Szilard Bucs ◽  
Beata Abraham ◽  
Szabolcs Lanyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser

Cuticular structures in the copulatory apparatus of Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Planorbidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
E.V. Soldatenko ◽  
A.A. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Copulatory Apparatus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cuticular Structures

The morphology of the copulatory apparatus and associated cuticular structures in Planorbis planorbis was studied by light microscopy, SEM, TEM and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The significance of these cuticular structures for the taxonomic status of the species and for the systematics of the family Planorbidae in general is discussed.

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