Characterization of silver nanoparticle inks toward stable roll-to-roll gravure printing

The rheological properties of silver inks are analyzed, and the printing results are presented based on the inks and roll-to-roll printing speed. The shear viscosity, shear modulus, and extensional viscosity of the inks are measured using rotational and extensional rheometers. The inks exhibit the shear thinning power law fluids because the concentration of dispersed nanoparticles in the solvent is sufficiently low, which minimizes elasticity. After the inks are printed on a flexible substrate through gravure printing, the optical images, surface profiles, and electric resistances of the printed pattern are obtained. The width and height of the printed pattern change depending on the ink viscosity, whereas the printing speed does not significantly affect the widening. The drag-out tail is reduced at high ink viscosities and fast printing speeds, thereby improving the printed pattern quality in the roll-to-roll process. Based on the results obtained, we suggest ink and printing conditions that result in high printing quality for complicated printings, such as overlay printing registration accuracy, which imposes pattern widening and drag-out tails in printed patterns.

Pengaruh Setting Parameter pada Slicing Software terhadap Surface Roughness Objek 3D Printing menggunakan Metode Taguchi

<p>Teknologi FDM (<em>Fused Deposition Modelling</em>) merupakan salah satu teknologi yang digunakan untuk membuat objek 3D. FDM sering disebut sebagai teknologi yang sudah mampu mengubah dunia manufaktur dewasa ini. Namun teknologi FDM memiliki kelemahan karena teknologi ini menggunakan proses <em>building per layer </em>membuat permukaan yang dihasilkan terlihat memiliki garis yang menunjukan batas antar <em>layer </em>sehingga mempengaruhi kekasaran pada permukaan produk cetak. Penelitian ini menggunakan filamen <em>Super Tough</em> PLA (ST.PLA). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh parameter proses terhadap kekasaran permukaan objek cetak dan untuk mengetahui seting parameter proses yang menghasilkan kekasaran permukaan terbaik dari parameter proses yang digunakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Taguchi dengan matriks ortogonal L₂₅(5⁶). Parameter proses yang akan dipilih dan dianalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah<em> layer thickness, printing speed, nozzle temperature, orientation, flowrate</em>, <em>cooling speed </em>dan respon yang diamati adalah kekasaran permukaan objek cetak. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan <em>noise</em> (gangguan) maka dicetak masing-masing tiga kali replikasi Selanjutnya parameter proses tersebut akan dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Varian (ANOVA). Berdasarkan data hasil pengukuran kekasaran permukaaan objek cetak, maka diperoleh parameter proses yang memberikan pengaruh paling besar terhadap kekasaran permukaan objek cetak dengan menggunakan filamen ST-PLA adalah <em>layer thickness</em> dengan nilai F hitung sebesar 129,96, <em>flowrate</em> dengan nilai F hitung sebesar 6 dan <em>orientation</em> dengan nilai F hitung sebesar 3,03. Seting parameter proses yang menghasilkan nilai kekasaran permukaan terbaik objek cetak adalah 0,10 mm yaitu pada eksperimen nomor lima (Exp. No. 5) dengan rata-rata 12,61 µm, dengan pengaturan <em>layer thickness</em>, 45 mm/s pada pengaturan <em>printing speed</em>, 210˚C pada <em>nozzle temperature</em>, 0˚ pada <em>orientation</em>, 110% pada pengaturan <em>flowrate</em> dan 40% pada pengaturan <em>cooling speed</em>. Seluruh parameter proses tersebut disetting pada <em>slicing software</em> ideamaker 3.6.1. dalam menghasilkan G-Code objek cetak.</p>

Assessing the Relationships between Interdigital Geometry Quality and Inkjet Printing Parameters

Drop on demand (DoD) inkjet printing is a high precision, non-contact, and maskless additive manufacturing technique employed in producing high-precision micrometer-scaled geometries allowing free design manufacturing for flexible devices and printed electronics. A lot of studies exist regarding the ink droplet delivery from the nozzle to the substrate and the jet fluid dynamics, but the literature lacks systematic approaches dealing with the relationship between process parameters and geometrical outcome. This study investigates the influence of the main printing parameters (namely, the spacing between subsequent drops deposited on the substrate, the printing speed, and the nozzle temperature) on the accuracy of a representative geometry consisting of two interdigitated comb-shape electrodes. The study objective was achieved thanks to a proper experimental campaign developed according to Design of Experiments (DoE) methodology. The printing process performance was evaluated by suitable geometrical quantities extracted from the acquired images of the printed samples using a MATLAB algorithm. A drop spacing of 140 µm and 170 µm on the two main directions of the printing plane, with a nozzle temperature of 35 °C, resulted as the most appropriate parameter combination for printing the target geometry. No significant influence of the printing speed on the process outcomes was found, thus choosing the highest speed value within the investigated range can increase productivity.

Assessing the effect of FDM processing parameters on mechanical properties of PLA parts using Taguchi method

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a fast-expanding additive manufacturing technique for fabricating various polymer components in engineering and medical applications. The mechanical properties of components printed with the FDM method are influenced by several process parameters. In the current work, the influence of nozzle temperature, infill density, and printing speed on the tensile properties of specimens printed using polylactic acid (PLA) filament was investigated. With an objective to achieve better tensile properties including elastic modulus, tensile strength, and fracture strain; Taguchi L8 array has been used for framing experimental runs, and eight experiments were conducted. The results demonstrate that the nozzle temperature significantly influences the tensile properties of the FDM printed PLA products followed by infill density. The optimum processing parameters were determined for the FDM printed PLA material at a nozzle temperature of 220°C, infill density of 100%, and printing speed of 20 mm/s.

Effect of Infill Pattern and Lattice Structure on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Metal Polylactide Filament

The purpose of this given research is to study the mechanical properties of the printed metal polylactide filament due to the recent growth of 3D printing technology. It had been widely used in many industries, but some consequences influence the material properties of printed parts and cause anisotropy. The consequences mentioned are based on parameters that have been involved in causing changes in the mechanical properties of the printed specimen such as the infill pattern, infill density, printing temperature, surrounding temperature, printing orientation, and printing speed. This paper will emphasize more on the infill patterns and choosing the better infill pattern for a printed material using copper metal polylactide (PLA) filament in terms of better strength. The strength of the printed material can be analysed using the tensile test method according to ASTM D68-10 standards. so that Young’s Modulus can be evaluated based on stress and strain data collected from each specimen that has been tested. This experiment is conducted twice using PLA and copper metal PLA whereby the PLA is used as a comparison towards copper metal PLA. Based on previous studies shows honeycomb has the strongest infill pattern but after running through the certain test it is found out that grid pattern has the qualities for FDM processes which will be discussed further.

Mathematical Modelling of Temperature Distribution in Selected Parts of FFF Printer during 3D Printing Process

This work presented an FEM (finite element method) mathematical model that describes the temperature distribution in different parts of a 3D printer based on additive manufacturing process using filament extrusion during its operation. Variation in properties also originate from inconsistent choices of process parameters employed by individual manufacturers. Therefore, a mathematical model that calculates temperature changes in the filament (and the resulting print) during an FFF (fused filament fabrication) process was deemed useful, as it can estimate otherwise immeasurable properties (such as the internal temperature of the filament during the printing). Two variants of the model (both static and dynamic) were presented in this work. They can provide the user with the material’s thermal history during the print. Such knowledge may be used in further analyses of the resulting prints. Thanks to the dynamic model, the cooling of the material on the printing bed can be traced for various printing speeds. Both variants simulate the printing of a PLA (Polylactic acid) filament with the nozzle temperature of 220 °C, bed temperature of 60 °C, and printing speed of 5, 10, and 15 m/s, respectively.

Modulation of Thermal Transport of Micro-structured Materials from 3D Printing

It is desirable to fabricate materials with adjustable physical properties that can be used in different industrial applications. Since the property of materials is highly dependent on its inner structure, the understanding of structure-property correlation is critical to the design of engineering materials. 3D printing appears as a mature method to effectively produce micro-structured materials. In this work, we created different stainless-steel microstructures by adjusting the speed of 3D printing and studied their relationship between thermal property and printing speed. Microstructure study demonstrates that highly porous structure appears at higher speed, and there is nearly linear relationship between porosity and printing speed. Thermal conductivity of samples fabricated by different printing speeds is characterized, then the correlation among the porosity, thermal conductivity, and scanning speed is established. Based on this correlation, the thermal conductivity of sample can be predicted from its printing speed. We fabricated a new sample at a different speed, and the measurement result of thermal conductivity agrees well with the predicted value from the correlation. To explore thermal transport physics, the effects of the pore structure and temperature on the thermal performance of the printed block are also studied. Our work demonstrates that the combination of the 3D printing technique and the printing speed control can realize regulation of the thermophysical properties of materials.

Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of CuSn10 Bronze Parts: Production and Characterization

The interest in producing cost-effective 3D printed metallic materials is increasing day by day. One of these methods, which has gained much attention recently, is the fused deposition modelling (FDM) method. The parameters used in the FDM method have significant effects on the printed part properties. In this study, CuSn10 bronze alloy was successfully produced. The printing speed and layer thickness were investigated as the printing process parameters, and their effect on morphological properties was characterized by using SEM. As a result, it was observed that the formation of printing-induced voids was prevented by applying a layer thickness of 0.2 mm. Additionally, by increasing printing speed, a slight decrease in product density was observed. Following determination of 3D printing parameters which give the highest printed part density, the parts were debound in hexane solution via solvent debinding. Finally, the parts were sintered at 850, 875 and 900 °C for 5 h to examine effect of sintering temperature on density, porosity, shape deformation and mechanical properties. Although partial slumping started to form over 875 °C, the highest density (94.19% of theoretical density) and strength (212 ± 17.72 MPa) were obtained by using 900 °C as the sintering temperature.