Functional and numerical responses of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) to eggs and nymphs of Oulenziella bakeri and Tetranychus urticae

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1225-1235
Author(s):  
Rui Zhu ◽  
Jian-Jun Guo ◽  
Tian-Ci Yi ◽  
Rong Xiao ◽  
Dao-Chao Jin
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

The predatory mite, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), is an important biological control agent of Tetranychus urticae Koch in greenhouse crops. Oulenziella bakeri is an important alternative prey for the commercial production of N. californicus. To confirm that the predatory relationship between N. californicus and O. bakeri is beneficial to the reproduction of N. californicus, the functional and numerical responses of N. californicus to O. bakeri and T. urticae were compared when exposed to six prey densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 individuals) under laboratory conditions. An analysis of the logistic regression showed that the adult female N. californicus displayed a type II functional response when fed on O. bakeri and T. urticae eggs and nymphs. The proportion of the consumed prey by N. californicus to the total supplied prey declined, even though the absolute number of predation events increased as the prey density increased. The Holling disc equation revealed that N. californicus had greater attack rates on the eggs (0.86-1.03) and nymphs (0.73-0.93) of T. urticae than those of O. bakeri, which were (0.55–0.73) and (0.71–0.96), respectively. N. californicus had longer handling times for the eggs (0.05–0.09) and nymphs (0.07–0.12) of O. bakeri compared with those of T. urticae, which were (0.03–0.05) and (0.04–0.07), respectively. The numbers of eggs laid by N. californicus feeding on eggs and nymphs of T. urticae were greater than those feeding on O. bakeri; but as the density increased, the difference in the oviposition rates between the predators feeding on two mites decreased. The comparison of the functional and numerical responses of the predator to O. bakeri and T. urticae revealed that the former is a good alternative food in the commercial production of N. californicus.

Development and Fecundity of Orius minutus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and O. laevigatus Reared on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1735-1740
Author(s):  
Md Arefur Rahman ◽  
Souvic Sarker ◽  
Eunhye Ham ◽  
Jun-Seok Lee ◽  
Un Taek Lim
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Polyphagous Predator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Abstract The polyphagous predator Orius species is a dominant predator of thrips, mites, and aphids. Orius laevigatus (Fieber) is a well-known commercialized and effective biological control agent, whereas Orius minutus (L.) distributed widely over the world has not been commercialized. To assess potentials of developing O. minutus as a commercial biological control agent, we compared the biological parameters of O. minutus with O. laevigatus when reared on mixed stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch at 27.5°C. Nymphal development of O. laevigatus was shorter (11.30 d) than that of O. minutus (12.25 d), but there was no significant difference in survivorship between the two species. Also, no significant difference was found in either the preoviposition or oviposition periods, lifetime fecundity, or longevity between the two species. However, O. minutus eggs had a higher hatch rate (0.77) than O. laevigatus (0.71). In life table analysis, no difference was found in any parameters, i.e., R0, rm, λ, T, and DT, between O. laevigatus and O. minutus in two-tailed t-tests. In a predation bioassay, O. minutus consumed 1.39 times more adult T. urticae in 24 h than did O. laevigatus, although the predation rate on T. urticae eggs was similar between the two species. These results suggest that O. minutus native to Korea could be developed as a biological control agent against T. urticae.

scholarly journals Results of the Single Release Efficacy of the Predatory Mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) against the Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on a Hop Plantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Matej Vidrih ◽  
Anja Turnšek ◽  
Magda Rak Cizej ◽  
Tanja Bohinc ◽  
Stanislav Trdan
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

In 2015, we studied the efficiency of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) for suppression of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae in a field experiment at a hop plantation. We randomly arranged four treatments in a three-block experiment. Fungicides were used in all treatments; insecticides were used in all treatments except the predatory mite treatment and acaricides were used in only two treatments. A single inundative release of the mite N. californicus was carried out on 4 July. On four different dates (10 June, 17 July, 29 July and 9 August), we counted the eggs and the mobile stages (larvae, nymphs and adults) of the two-spotted spider mite in all four treatments. In the treatment with the predatory mite, we established the fewest eggs and mobile stages of T. urticae 14 days after the release of the predator. The selected acaricides in our research acted in a primarily ovicidal manner, but we did not detect satisfactory effects on the mobile stages of the two-spotted spider mite. This result suggests the emergence of resistance of two-spotted spider mites to the acaricides hexythiazox and abamectin. Our research established comparable effects of the predatory mite N. californicus and acaricides, and further improvement of the efficiency would require release of the natural enemy into a hop plantation in mid-June, followed by a second release three weeks later. The costs of acaricide use in our experiment were from 12.7-fold (two sprayings of hexythiazox, and a single spraying with abamectin) to 17.8-fold (single treatments of hexythiazox and abamectin) lower than those of a single release of the biological control agent in question. The results of our study represent a starting point for future research, which could achieve satisfactory results in suppressing two-spotted spider mites on a hop plantation by repeated use of the predatory mite N. californicus.

Age-Dependent Functional and Numerical Responses of Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Dalir ◽  
Hamidreza Hajiqanbar ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipour ◽  
Mostafa Khanamani
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Neoseiulus Cucumeris ◽  
Predation Capacity ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Abstract The age-specific functional and numerical responses of Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudemans (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) on eggs of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae), were assessed in the laboratory using bean leaf discs. Densities of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 prey were provided to 4- (protonymph), 6- (deutonymph), 8-, 13-, 18-, 23-, 28-, 33-, and 40-d-old N. cucumeris individuals. The functional response of 28- and 40-d-old N. cucumeris fitted type II, whereas the other ages displayed a type III functional response. The longest handling time observed at the age of 4 d was 0.515 h, whereas the shortest handling time and highest value of maximum attack rate (T/Th) were associated with the age of the 28-d-old treatment (0.261 h and 91.95 prey/d, respectively). The numerical response of N. cucumeris showed a significant increase with increasing prey density, but its rate gradually decreased at higher densities. Therefore, the efficiency of conversion of ingested food was relatively higher at low two-spotted spider mite densities, whereas it was reduced at high two-spotted spider mite densities. The stronger functional response and predation capacity of N. cucumeris on two-spotted spider mite eggs indicated the high potential of this predatory mite as an effective biological control agent against two-spotted spider mite especially at its early and middle ages and also when higher prey densities are present.

scholarly journals INSETICIDAS UTILIZADOS PARA O CONTROLE DE MOSCA-DAS-FRUTAS EM POMARES DE MACIEIRA: AÇÃO SOBRE Neoseiulus californicus (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE)

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Lino Bittencourt MONTEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Em 12 ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos inseticidas malathion, azinphos ethyl, phosmet e fenthion sobre duas populações de Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor). A primeira população foi criada em bandejas (PCB) e não recebeu qualquer inseticida durante, pelo menos, dois anos, sendo que a segunda ficou exposta aos inseticidas normalmente utilizados contra Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied) e denominada de população liberada no pomar (PLP). Vinte e quatro fêmeas de idades conhecidas e de ambas as populações foram colocadas em 12 células de 2x2 cm e foram alimentadas diariamente com adultos de Tetranychus urticae Koch. Elas foram pulverizadas com um atomizador de laboratório, marca Desaga (Heidelberg), nº 124000, que proporciona pulverização fina e homogênea. As avaliações de oviposição e mortalidade foram realizadas após 12, 24, 72 e 96 horas da pulverização. Phosmet e malathion provocaram 50 e 66% de mortalidade de N. californicus das PLP e PCB, respectivamente, na concentração recomendada para macieiras, enquanto que, fenthion e azinphos ethyl foram muito tóxicos para ambas populações, provocando 100% de mortalidade na concentração de 1.500 ppm. Concluiu-se que a PLP sobre pressão de inseticidas tornou-se mais tolerante aos produtos phosmet e malation, que a PCB, em apenas um ciclo vegetativo da macieira.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of Biological Control-Based Integrated Pest Management in Rice and Maize in the Greater Mekong Subregion

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Babendreier ◽  
Min Wan ◽  
Rui Tang ◽  
Rui Gu ◽  
Justice Tambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The impact and sustainability of two interventions that have been formulated to introduce integrated pest management (IPM) into rice and maize crops in Southwestern China, Laos, and Myanmar between 2011 and 2016, and were assessed at the end of 2017. From 22 Trichogramma rearing facilities established during the interventions, 11 were still producing substantial quantities of biocontrol agents 1.5 years after project support had ended, while seven had stopped operations completely, and four were doing stock rearing only. Through the implementation of biological control-based IPM, slightly higher yields were achieved in maize and rice (4–10%), when compared to control farmers, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, the use of pesticides nearly halved when farmers started using Trichogramma egg-cards as a biological control agent. Support from either public or private institutions was found to be important for ensuring the sustainability of Trichogramma rearing facilities. Many of the suggested IPM measures were not adopted by smallholder farmers, indicating that the positive impacts of the interventions mostly resulted from the application of Trichogramma biological control agents. The following assessment suggests that further promotion of IPM adoption among farmers is needed to upscale the already positive effects of interventions that facilitate reductions in synthetic pesticide use, and the effects on sustainable agricultural production of rice and maize in the target area more generally.

Foraging Behavior of the Mealybug Parasitoid Anagyrus sp.nov. nr. sinope (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juang-Horng Chong ◽  
Ronald D. Oetting
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Defensive Behaviors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Phenacoccus Madeirensis ◽  
Foraging Time

Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope Noyes and Menezes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a candidate biological control agent against the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). This study reported on the components of the oviposition behavior of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope in relation to 6 developmental stadia of P. madeirensis: crawlers, second-instar nymphs, third-instar immature females, third-instar immature males, prereproductive adult females, and ovipositing adult females. A behavioral sequence and a time budget were prepared for Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope, indicating that the parasitoids foraging in a patch containing third-instar and prereproductive adult females had the highest probability to encounter and eventually parasitize a host. The parasitoids attacking third-instar and prereproductive adult females also spent the largest proportion of total foraging time in oviposition (67 and 69%, respectively) and had the longest handling time (997 and 655 sec per event, respectively). No third-instar immature males, which were wrapped in thick tests constructed of wax filaments, were parasitized by the parasitoids. Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope did not avoid superparasitism. Parasitoids foraging in patches of third-instar and adult females had a higher self-superparasitism rate (27–33%) than crawlers and second-instar nymphs (8–14%). The clutch sizes in the superparasitized mealybugs were slightly larger than those in the mealybugs parasitized only once, but the difference was only significant in the ovipositing female P. madeirensis. Older and larger mealybugs exhibited more vigorous defensive behaviors by walking away and flipping abdomens. However, such behavioral defenses were not effective against the persistent parasitoids.

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