Toxicity of sulfoxaflor and four modern fungicides on various stages of a non-target predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1531-1540
Author(s):  
Firdevs Ersin ◽  
İsmail Döker ◽  
Ferit Turanli
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Adult Females

This study was conducted to reveal the toxicity of sulfoxaflor and the four modern fungicides (ametoctradin +dimethomorph, isopyrazam, mandipropamid and propamocarb-HCl+fluopicolide) on various developmental stages of a non-target predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae). The maximum recommended concentrations of the pesticides were applied to eggs, larvae and adult females of the predator in order to obtain detail knowledge of their toxicity at worst-case scenario under laboratory conditions. Results indicated that mortality rates vary between the life stages and the larva was the most sensitive. The highest egg mortality was found for isopyrazam (20.44%) followed by propamocarb+fluopicolide (17.55%) and ametoctradin+dimethomorph (15.77%) at 72 h after the treatments. Sulfoxaflor, ametoctradin+dimethomorph and propamocarb+fluopicolide were proven to be harmful to the larvae as they caused significantly higher mortality than the control, and their mortality reached 80.00, 77.50 and 60.00% at 168 h after treatment, respectively. In the case of adult females, respective mortality rates of propamocarb+fluopicolide, sulfoxaflor, ametoctradin+dimethomorph and isopyrazam were found 30.00%, 25.83%, 21.66% and 16.66% after 120 h after treatment, respectively. In addition, mandipropamid and sulfoxaflor caused a drastic decrease in fecundity of the predator. Accordingly, isopyrazam may be compatible with A. swirskii in intergraded pest management programs where it is released as biological control agent. Due to their high toxicity to at least one developmental stage of the predator, further experiments are needed in order to clarify the toxicity of the other pesticides under field or semi-field conditions.

The predatory mite Neoseiulus bicaudus (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae), a promising biocontrol agent of whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) 

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2273-2285
Author(s):  
Guo-dong Han ◽  
Jie Su ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Jian-ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Tetranychus Turkestani ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

Neoseiulus bicaudus (Wainstein) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is a native predatory mite species in Xinjiang, China, and a biological control agent for some small pests, such as Tetranychus turkestani (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in greenhouse. However, little is known whether N. bicaudus could be an effective natural enemy of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). A series of laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of N. bicaudus on B. tabaci. The present data showed that each stage of N. bicaudus demonstrated type II functional response when fed on B. tabaci. The adult females showed the highest consumption rate and attack rate, and the shortest handling times were obtained when they preyed on eggs and 1st instar nymphs. The 1st instar of B. tabaci was preferred for the feeding of N. bicaudus adult females than eggs, followed by 2nd instar nymphs of B. tabaci. Under greenhouse conditions, this predator effectively suppressed the population growth of B. tabaci throughout the experimental period. Accordingly, N. bicaudus could be an efficient predator for B. tabaci.

scholarly journals Swirski mite (suggested common name) Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Arachnida: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae)

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmut Doğramaci ◽  
Garima Kakkar ◽  
Vivek Kumar ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Steven Arthurs
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Plant Exudates ◽  
Substantial Interest

Amblyseius is a beneficial predatory mite endemic to the Eastern Mediterranean region. This species is considered a generalist predator, and readily consumes small soft-bodied pest species as well as pollen or plant exudates. Amblyseius swirskii has attracted substantial interest as a biological control agent of mites, thrips and whiteflies in greenhouse and nursery crops and is currently reared and sold commercially in Europe and North America for this purpose. This 5-page fact sheet was written by Mahmut Dogramaci, Garima Kakkar, Vivek Kumar, Jianjun Chen, and Steven Arthurs, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, June 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1001

scholarly journals Biology of an Adventive Population of the Armored Scale Rhizaspidiotus donacis, a Biological Control Agent of Arundo donax in California

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Charles A. Braman ◽  
Adam M. Lambert ◽  
A. Zeynep Özsoy ◽  
Ellen N. Hollstien ◽  
Kirsten A. Sheehy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Aphytis Melinus ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Riparian Systems

Arundo donax (giant reed) is invasive in Mediterranean, sub-, and tropical riparian systems worldwide. The armored scale Rhizaspidiotus donacis is approved for biocontrol in North America, but an adventive population was recently discovered in southern California. We documented this population’s distribution, phylogeny, phenology, potential host spillover to Phragmites spp., and potential for parasitism by a common biocontrol parasitoid of citrus scale. The adventive scale was found within a single watershed and is genetically closest to Iberian scale genotypes. Rhizaspidiotus donacis developed on Phragmites haplotypes but at much lower densities than Arundo. The adventive population is univoltine, producing crawlers from March-June. Aphytis melinus parasitoids exhibited sustained interest in R. donacis during choice and no-choice trials and oviposition resulted in a small second generation. Rhizaspidiotus donacis appears limited in distribution by its univoltinism and sessile adult females. This presents challenges for broad biocontrol implementation but allows for targeted application. The genetic differentiation between imported biocontrol samples and adventive populations presents an opportunity for exploring benefits of hybrids and/or alternative genotypes where establishment has been difficult. While unlikely to occur in situ, spillover to vulnerable endemic Phragmites or deleterious parasitoid effects on scale biocontrol agents warrants consideration when planning use of R. donacis.

scholarly journals Maternal effect determines drought resistance of eggs in the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis

Oecologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Le Hesran ◽  
Thomas Groot ◽  
Markus Knapp ◽  
Tibor Bukovinszky ◽  
Jovano Erris Nugroho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Low Humidity

AbstractThe ability of an organism to adapt to short-term environmental changes within its lifetime is of fundamental importance. This adaptation may occur through phenotypic plasticity. Insects and mites, in particular, are sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity, especially during the juvenile stages. We studied the role of phenotypic plasticity in the adaptation of eggs to different relative humidity conditions, in the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis, used worldwide as a biological control agent of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae. The biocontrol efficacy of P. persimilis decreases under dry conditions, partly because P. persimilis eggs are sensitive to drought. We exposed P. persimilis adult females from two different strains to constant and variable humidity regimes and evaluated the hatching rate of their eggs in dry conditions, as well as the survival and oviposition rates of these females. Whereas the eggs laid by P. persimilis females exposed to constant high humidity did not survive in dry conditions, females exposed to constant low humidity started laying drought-resistant eggs after 24 h of exposure. Survival and oviposition rates of the females were affected by humidity: females laid fewer eggs under constant low humidity and had a shorter lifespan under constant high and constant low humidity. The humidity regimes tested had similar effects across the two P. persimilis strains. Our results demonstrate that transgenerational phenotypic plasticity, called maternal effect, allows P. persimilis females to prepare their offspring for dry conditions.

Foraging Behavior of the Mealybug Parasitoid Anagyrus sp.nov. nr. sinope (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juang-Horng Chong ◽  
Ronald D. Oetting
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Defensive Behaviors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Phenacoccus Madeirensis ◽  
Foraging Time

Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope Noyes and Menezes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a candidate biological control agent against the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). This study reported on the components of the oviposition behavior of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope in relation to 6 developmental stadia of P. madeirensis: crawlers, second-instar nymphs, third-instar immature females, third-instar immature males, prereproductive adult females, and ovipositing adult females. A behavioral sequence and a time budget were prepared for Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope, indicating that the parasitoids foraging in a patch containing third-instar and prereproductive adult females had the highest probability to encounter and eventually parasitize a host. The parasitoids attacking third-instar and prereproductive adult females also spent the largest proportion of total foraging time in oviposition (67 and 69%, respectively) and had the longest handling time (997 and 655 sec per event, respectively). No third-instar immature males, which were wrapped in thick tests constructed of wax filaments, were parasitized by the parasitoids. Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope did not avoid superparasitism. Parasitoids foraging in patches of third-instar and adult females had a higher self-superparasitism rate (27–33%) than crawlers and second-instar nymphs (8–14%). The clutch sizes in the superparasitized mealybugs were slightly larger than those in the mealybugs parasitized only once, but the difference was only significant in the ovipositing female P. madeirensis. Older and larger mealybugs exhibited more vigorous defensive behaviors by walking away and flipping abdomens. However, such behavioral defenses were not effective against the persistent parasitoids.

Prey stage preference and functional and numerical responses of Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to eggs of Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1157
Author(s):  
Rosenya Michely Cintra Filgueiras ◽  
Jairo De Almeida Mendes ◽  
Francisco Wesller Batista Da Silva ◽  
Eduardo Pereira De Sousa Neto ◽  
José Wagner Da Silva Melo
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Neoseiulus Barkeri ◽  
Raoiella Indica ◽  
Prey Stage Preference

Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is a polyphagous pest widely dispersed worldwide and a particular threat to crops from the Arecaceae family. Control measures are still being evaluated in recently invaded countries. A possible control strategy for this pest is the use of predatory mites. A recent study has suggested Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as a potential biological control agent of R. indica. In the present study we determined the prey stage preference of N. barkeri when offered different stages of R. indica besides its functional response and numerical over its prey stage preferred. The predatory mite N. barkeri showed a marked preference for eggs over other stages of the prey. The regression analysis indicated that the predatory mite N. barkeri exhibited a Type II functional response. The prey density needed to start the oviposition was 10 R. indica eggs. The number of eggs laid by N. barkeri females increased with an increase in the prey density and tended to stabilize when prey availability was greater than 80 R. indica eggs, with average oviposition of 2 eggs/female. Our study suggests that N. barkeri shows potential to reduce populations of R. indica, especially at low prey densities. However, further studies are needed to investigate whether R. indica supports the development of immature stages of N. barkeri.

Redescription of Mitodiplosis graminis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a gall midge inhibiting the flowering of pyp grass Ehrharta villosa (Poaceae) in South Africa

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4614 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
PETER KOLESIK ◽  
ALAN R. WOOD
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Environmental Weed ◽  
First Time

Mitodiplosis graminis Kieffer, the only species of the genus Mitodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), was described in 1914 as the causative agent of an unspecified gall on pyp grass Ehrharta villosa (Poaceae) in South Africa. The type specimens are presumed lost. We reared all developmental stages of the gall midge, redescribe here the male and female, and describe for the first time the gall, egg, larva and the pupa. Diagnosis of the genus Mitodiplosis is extended. The gall is a large thickening of the stem that becomes malformed and does not produce flowers. Pyp grass is an environmental weed in Australia and New Zealand and M. graminis can potentially be used as a biological control agent. With a wing length of over 6 mm in some specimens, M. graminis is one of the largest species of Cecidomyiidae. 

Efficacy of the predatory mite Cydnoseius negevi (Swirskii & Amitai) (Acari: phytoseiidae) as a shared predator for sucking pests on sweet pepper in a net house in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-laithy A.y. M., E, M.elseedy ◽  
Hoda E. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the native predatory mite Cydnoseius negevi (Swirski and Amitai) (=Typlodromus negevi) as a biological control agent for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) complex, Onion thrips Thrips tapaci (Lindeman) and Tetranychus urticae (Koch). The efficacy of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) against these pests was also evaluated. The data obtained revealed reduction in population density of the above-mentioned pests in the experimental plots for P. persimilis and C. negivi compared to the control plot. Mean population density of each of the pests ranging from 32.2–0.5, 284.4–2.0 and 441.8–2.0 individuals / leaf for T. urticae, in the three plots respectively. The mean values of B. tabaci fluctuated between 41.1–2.1, 16.2–1.0 and 57.3–3.6. individuals / leaf and T. tabaci between 20.1–2.6, 13.7–1.4 and 24.9–1.9 individuals / leaf respectively. A slight non-consumptive negative effect is shown by P. persimilis against the pests B. tabaci and T. tabaci. This preliminary experiment hopefully will enhance the role of the native predator C. negevi to play a role in bio-control and its mass augmentation.

Kepadatan populasi dan waktu efektif pelepasan tungau predator Neoseiulus longispinosus Evans untuk pengendalian Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
Nhyra Kamala Putri ◽  
◽  
Ali Nurmansyah ◽  
Sugeng Santoso ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Effective Density ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Tetranychus Kanzawai ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Neoseiulus Longispinosus ◽  
Pest Mite

Kanzawa spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Tetranychidae) is one of the most important pest mite in Indonesia. This mite is known as the pest of many crops, including cassava. Neoseiulus longispinosus Evans (Phytoseiidae) is a predatory mite commonly found on plant infested by kanzawa spider mite. This predatory mite has high potential to be developed as biological control agent of T. kanzawai. The aim of this research is to elucidate the effective density and release time of N. longispinosus to control T. kanzawai on cassava. The research was conducted in the greenhouse, using cassava of Mentega cultivar. T. kanzawai were introduced into the cassava plants two weeks after planting, with density 5 female adults/plants. N. longispinosus were introduced 1, 2, and 3 weeks after T. kanzawai introduction with predator:prey ratio of 0:5, 1:5, 2:5, dan 3:5, respectively. Population of T. kanzawai and N. longispinosus, and also plant damage were observed at 6 weeks after planting. N. longispinosus could suppress T. kanzawai population and the highest suppression occurred at the interaction between 3:5 ratio and the release time at one week after T. kanzawai infestation. There was no significant effect of N. longispinosus release at various release ratio and time on attack intensity of T. kanzawai.

Studies on the biology of Aphidius sonchi Marshall (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), a parasite of the sowthistle aphid, Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Shu-Sheng ◽  
Mary Carver
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Principal Vector ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Hymenopterous Parasite ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractThe hymenopterous parasite, Aphidius sonchi Marshall, has been introduced into Australia as a biological control agent of the sowthistle aphid, Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.), the principal vector of lettuce necrotic yellows virus disease. Some aspects of its biology were studied in the laboratory. Females reared at 22°C contained a mean ± s.e. of 179·4 ± 10·26 eggs on emergence, and more eggs were formed during adult life. Unmated females produced male progeny only; mated females produced progeny of both sexes. At 22°C, both males and females mated within 12 h of emergence. Virgin females could mate successfully after having commenced oviposition and switch to producing progeny of both sexes. At 20°C, both virgin and mated females started oviposition within 7 h of emergence. The female oviposited in all nymphal instars and both apterous and alate adults of the host. Only one egg was laid per insertion of the ovipositor. Superparasitization was common, but only one parasite per aphid survived to the adult stage. Females at 22°C and LD 12:12 oviposited during both the photophase and the scotophase; the proportion of eggs laid in the scotophase was correlated with the availability of hosts. Adult females lived longer in the absence of hosts than in their presence and lived longer than males, and those supplied with water and honey lived longer than those without. Facultative diapause occurred. The integumental coloration of adults varied according to the temperature during their immature stages. Females of A. sonchi oviposited readily in Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), but their progeny did not develop beyond the egg stage. A. sonchi was parasitized by Alloxysta ancylocera (Cameron), Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouché) and Dendrocerus carpenteri (Curtis) in the field.

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