Predation by Euseius scutalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Tetranychus urticae and Eutetranychus orientalis (Acari: Tetranychidae): effect of prey density and developmental stage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodoros I. Stathakis ◽  
Eleftheria V. Kapaxidi ◽  
Georgios Th. Papadoulis ◽  
Nikos E. Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Density Dependent Mortality ◽  
Euseius Scutalis ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Predation ability is a key component determining the suppression of agricultural pests by natural enemies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of prey density and developmental stage on the predation of Euseius scutalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and the oriental red mite, Eutetranychus orientalis (Acari: Tetranychidae). For this purpose, laboratory functional response experiments were conducted using female adults of E. scutalis. Results indicated that the predator causes an inverse density dependent mortality to larvae, nymphs and adults of the two-spotted spider mite, as well as the oriental red mite. The random predator equation was used to fit the data. E. scutalis handling time increased significantly with T. urticae and E. orientalis developmental stage. The maximum number of T. urticae prey consumed was 48.3 larvae, 28.5 nymphs and 11.0 adults, where the corresponding values for E. orientalis were 48.8, 32.2 and 18.2 larvae, nymphs and adults, respectively. Estimated handling times and attack rates of E. scutalis on larvae, nymphs and adults of T. urticae were 0.4970 h and 0.1058 h-1, 0.8435 h and 0.1395 h-1, and 2.1834 h and 0.0835 h-1, respectively. The corresponding values on larvae, nymphs and adults of E. orientalis were 0.4920 h and 0.1166 h-1, 0.7452 h and 0.1361 h-1, and 1.3186 h and 0.0597 h-1, respectively. The results of this study may be indicative of the predation ability of adults of E. scutalis on these notorious pests, providing a basis for determining release rates appropriate for various pest densities.

scholarly journals Myco-metabolites as biological control agents against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. Osman ◽  
Amany A. Abo Elnasr ◽  
Mohamed A. Nawar ◽  
Gohyza A. Hefnawy
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
Promising Source

Abstract Fungi are a promising source for bioactive secondary metabolites against various agricultural pests. Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of various plants at El-Khatatba, Egypt, in May 2016. Sixty-two fungal isolates were locally isolated and screened against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Four fungal strains, showed potent control activities, were morphologically identified. Laboratory evaluation of the crude extracts of the selected strains, Aspergillus melleus, A. terreus, Emericella nidulans, and Chaetomium globosum, exhibited LC50 values of 10.27, 33.05, 14.68, and 22.40 mg/ml against females of T. urticae, respectively. Correspondent LC50 values that exhibited on eggs were 8.81, 23.17, 11.66, and 11.05 mg/ml. Consequently, secondary metabolites of A. melleus were separated by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Compounds separated from the active fraction were identified as mellamide, ochratoxin C, nodulisporic acid, 7-Oxocurvularin, and 6-(4′-hydroxy-2′-methyl phenoxy)-(−)-(3R)-mellein. Obtained secondary metabolites are promising sources for biopesticides to be used in bio-rationale control of T. urticae.

scholarly journals (363) Effect of Visible Light Wavelengths on the Population Growth Rate of the Two-spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.)

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025B-1025
Author(s):  
Takeshi Suzuki ◽  
Hiroshi Amano ◽  
Toyoki Kozai
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.) has a worldwide distribution and is one of the most harmful agricultural pests for a variety of plant species. To reveal a visible light wavelength that reduces the population growth rate (as rm, unit: d–1) of the mite, we investigated the rm under wavelength peaks of 468, 515, and 658 nm with half bandwidths of 23, 44, and 22 nm using blue, green, and red light-emitting diodes, respectively. In all treatments, light intensity was set at 2.3 W·m–2 with a light period of 16 h·d–1, and air temperature was set at 25 °C. The survival percentage (lx) and the number of eggs deposited per female (mx) on each age (x, unit: d) were determined to calculate the rm by the following equation: ∑exp(–rm · x)· lx /100 · mx = 1. The rm and the total mx decreased with increasing wavelength. This result shows that the population growth rate can be reduced under red light (658 nm).

scholarly journals Damage level of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (acari: tetranychidae) in soybeans

Revista CERES ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Suekane ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Degrande ◽  
Elmo Pontes de Melo ◽  
Thiago Ferreira Bertoncello ◽  
Izidro dos Santos de Lima Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Control Cost ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Among phytophagous spider mites, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 is one of the most important agricultural pests, not only because of the damage it causes, but also because it has a wide host range, infesting many commercial crops such as leafy greens, cotton, beans, and soybeans, among others. This study was carried out in a greenhouse of the Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias (FCA) of the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), located in the city of Dourados, state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of 5 levels in percentage of chlorotic symptoms (indicating mite damage): 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. All of the characteristics evaluated, except for number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, the total weight (productivity), and the weight of 1000 seeds, were significantly influenced by the different levels of chlorotic symptoms. The economic damage level for the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, according to the equation y = 66.63-0.51 x, based on the price of US$ 11.00 per bag of soybeans and a control cost of US$ 16.00, would be 15.80% chlorotic symptoms. At a price of US$ 29.00 per bag with the same control cost, the economic damage level would be 13% of chlorotic symptoms.

Ethyl formate and phosphine fumigations on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and their biochemical responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeongnam Kim ◽  
Yong Ho Lee ◽  
Gayoung Kim ◽  
Byung-Ho Lee ◽  
Jeong-Oh Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Ethyl Formate ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Abstract Two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a polyphagous pest to a variety of plants and they are hard to be controlled due to occurrence of resistance to acaricides. In this study, biochemical evaluation after ethyl formate (EF) and phosphine (PH3) fumigation towards T. urticae might help officials to control them in quarantine purposes. PH3 fumigation controlled eggs (LC50; 0.158 mg/L), nymphs (LC50; 0.030 mg/L), and adults (LC50; 0.059 mg/L) of T. urticae, and EF effectively affected nymphs (LC50; 2.826 mg/L) rather than eggs (LC50; 6.797 mg/L) and adults (LC50; 5.836 mg/L). In a longer exposure time of 20 h, PH3 fumigation was 94.2-fold more effective tool for control of T. urticae than EF fumigant. EF and PH3 inhibited cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity differently in both nymphs and adults of T. urticae. It confirmed COX is one of target sites of these fumigants in T. urticae and COX is involved in the respiratory chain as complex IV. Molecular approaches showed that EF fumigation completely down-regulated the expression of cox11 gene at the concentration of LC10 value, while PH3 up-regulated several genes greater than twofold in T. urticae nymphs treated with the concentration of LC50 value. These increased genes by PH3 fumigation are ndufv1, atpB, para, and ace, responsible for the expression of NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, ATP synthase, and acetylcholinesterase in insects, respectively. Lipidomic analyses exhibited a significant difference between two fumigants-exposed groups and the control, especially an ion with 815.46 m/z was analyzed less than twofold in the fumigants-treated group. It was identified as PI(15:1/18:3) and it may be used as a biomarker to EF and PH3 toxicity. These findings may contribute to set an effective control strategy on T. urticae by methyl bromide alternatives such as EF and PH3 because they have shared target sites on the respiratory chain in the pest.

scholarly journals Effects of local isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cenk Yucel
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Abstract Background The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a widely distributed plant-feeding pest that causes significant yield losses in a wide range of crops. Newly developed or improved environmentally friendly biocontrol agents serve as an alternative to traditional pest control tools. Experiment of the effects of 2 local fungal isolates of Beauveria bassiana (BGF14 and BCA32) was carried out against T. urticae under laboratory conditions. Results Both tested isolates had lethal effect in a short time after application, and this effect increased as time progressed. BGF14 and BCA32 isolates caused T. urticae mortality rates ranging from 25.88 to 61.92 and 32.36 to 62.03% when applied at the concentrations between 1×105 and 1×108 conidia/ml, respectively. According to the Probit analysis performed on the effect of fungi on T. urticae adults, the LC50 values of BGF14 and BCA32 isolates on the 7th day after inoculation were 2.6×106 and 6.3×104 conidia/ml, respectively, and the LT50 values for both fungi applied at a concentration of 108 conidia/ml were 2.14 and 2.23 days, respectively. Conclusions The 2 isolates of B. bassiana (BGF14 and BCA32) had the potentials to suppress T. urticae population and can be recommended as promising biocontrol agent candidates for control of T. urticae.

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