Identification of Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Acari: Tetranychidae) resistant genotypes in Phaseolus lunatus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rodrigues Nere ◽  
José Wagner Da Silva Melo ◽  
Debora Barbosa De Lima ◽  
Ervino Bleicher
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The spider mite Tetranychus neocaledonicus André (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a potential threat to the cultivation of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.). In many countries, lima beans are grown by small-holder farmers with limited access to inputs and technologies. In such systems, the implementation of control practices, such as chemical treatments that require costly equipment and supplies, becomes unviable. Therefore, the development and use of resistant plant genotypes could provide a promising alternative for small producers. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify and evaluate T. neocaledonicus-resistant genotypes of lima bean. A total of 30 lima bean genotypes were evaluated using the instantaneous increase rate (ri) of T. neocaledonicus reared on individual host genotypes, and T. neocaledonicus fertility life tables were generating by rearing mites on host genotypes with the two highest ri values (IFCE-085 and IFCE-091, considered highly susceptible) and two lowest ri values (IFCE-084 and IFCE-090, considered resistant). Only the IFCE-090 genotype adversely affected immature T. neocaledonicus individuals, by reducing their survival rate, net reproductive rate (Ro), finite rate of increase (λ), and intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and by increasing their mean generation time (T) and time to reach adulthood. The results demonstrate the variation in the susceptibility of lima bean genotypes to T. neocaledonicus and identify the IFCE-090 genotype as a potential source of mite resistance.

scholarly journals Biology and life-table of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed with the Old World Date Mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Acarologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Samah Ben Chaaban ◽  
Brahim Chermiti ◽  
Serge Kreiter
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Old World ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

The old world date mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus is an important spider mite pest of the date palms Phoenix dactylifera L. mostly in North Africa and the Middle East. A population of the predaceous mite Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas has been recently found in Tunisia in association with a decrease of O. afrasiaticus densities. The objective of this paper was to assess the development and reproduction abilities of T. ( A.) athenas on O. afrasiaticus under laboratory conditions at two temperatures: 27 and 32 °C. The results obtained show that females of T. (A.) athenas develop in 5 days at 27 °C and 4.1 days at 32 °C. The mean fecundity of T. (A.) athenas was 32.1 and 23.2 eggs per female at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. Life table parameters were stimated: the net reproductive rate (Ro) 27.9 and 17.9 eggs/female, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) 0.322 and 0,344 female/female/day and the mean generation time (T) 10.3 and 8.4 days at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. At both temperatures tested, T. (A.) athenas intrinsic rate of increase was greater than that of O. afrasiaticus (rm = 0.213 at 32 °C,against rm = 0.166 day1 at 27 °C). Typhlodromus (A.) athenas would be able to develop at a wide range of temperatures feeding on O. afrasiaticus and seems to be able to potentially control it.

scholarly journals Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Tables of the Predatory Mite Cheyletus Malaccensis Oudemans at Different Temperatures

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Miao Cui ◽  
Liyuan Xia ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Acarus Siro ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Cheyletus Malaccensis

Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans is a predatory mite inhabiting grain depots in China. The relationship between temperature and the population growth rate of C. malaccensis is useful for predicting its population dynamics. Age-stage, two-sex life tables of the predator, C. malaccensis, reared on Acarus siro were constructed under laboratory conditions at 22, 24, 28, 30, and 32 °C, 75% relative humidity, and a 0:24 h (L:D) photoperiod. Increasing temperature shortened the development time of the immature stages. The complete generation time of C. malaccensis ranged from 11.10 d to 27.50 d. Life table parameters showed that 28 °C was the optimum temperature for the growth and development of C. malaccensis; populations could increase rapidly at this temperature. The highest net reproductive rate (R0 = 290.25) and highest fecundity (544.52) occurred at 28 °C. Temperature significantly affected the intrinsic rate of increase (r), fecundity, and finite rate of increase (λ). The values of age-specific fecundity (high to low) were 28 °C > 24 °C > 30 °C > 32 °C > 22 °C, while the values of age-stage-specific fecundity had the same trend.

Biological traits of acarophagous thrips, Scolothrips longicornis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Schizotetranychus smirnovi (Acari: Tetranychidae): Application of female age-specific and age-stage, two-sex life tables

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-524
Author(s):  
Marjan Heidarian ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipor ◽  
Amin Sedaratian-jahromi
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Scolothrips Longicornis

Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainstein is an important phytophagous pest of almond trees which causes serious damage in southwestern Iran. Scolothrips longicornis Priesner has been considered as an efficient predatory thrips that feeds on this spider mite and hence its efficiency for controlling S. smirnovi should be evaluated. In the current study, all main biological parameters of S. longicornis fed on S. smirnovi were determined under laboratory conditions. Data analysis was performed using both female age-specific and age-stage, two-sex life table theories. Duration of incubation, larval, pre-pupal, pupal and pre-adult periods of male predators were 4.73, 3.18, 1.05, 1.86 and 10.82 days, respectively. These periods in female individuals lasted 4.57, 3.92, 1.04, 1.87 and 11.00 days, respectively. Our findings showed that each female laid an average of 62.74 eggs during its ovipositional period (13.61 days). Using the age-stage, two-sex life table, the values of the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (T) were estimated to be 26.236 (eggs/individual), 0.171 (day-1), 1.186 (day-1) and 19.130 (days), respectively. Using the female age-specific life table, these parameters had different values. Our findings revealed that S. longicornis has a reliable capability to increase its population by feeding on S. smirnovi. This information can expand our knowledge for assessing biological efficiency of this predatory thrips in sustainable management of the destructive mite pest. 

scholarly journals A life table analysis to evaluate biological control of banks grass mite using the predatory mite, Galendromus flumenis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ganjisaffar ◽  
Thomas M. Perring
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Banks Grass Mite

The predatory mite, Galendromus flumenis (Chant) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), has shown promising traits for biological control of Banks grass mite, the major pest of date palms in California. In the present study, reproduction and population growth parameters of G. flumenis on Banks grass mite eggs were studied at 34ºC, 50±10% RH and a photoperiod of 16: 8 (L: D) hours. 100 percent of eggs hatched and 63.5 percent of the emerged larvae survived to adulthood. The total immature developmental time was 5.7 and 5.5 days for females and males, respectively. The sex ratio of G. flumenis was 0.70 (females/ females+ males). Mated females laid on average 1.6 eggs per day and 19.9 eggs during their mean ovipositional period of 12.5 days. The net reproductive rate (R0) was 11.5 females/ female/ generation, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.200 females/ female/ day, the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.222 population multiplication/ day, the mean generation time (T) was 12.2 days, and the doubling time (DT) was 3.5 days. The lower rm value of G. flumenis than that of its prey (0.24–0.48) explains why Banks grass mite escapes control by G. flumenis in field. These results suggest that augmentative release of this predator would offset the lower rm of the predator, thereby contributing to the control of Banks grass mite. Combined with the benefit of early releases determined in companion studies, future field studies with G. flumenis are being planned.

RESISTANCE TO APHIS CRACCIVORA (HOMOPTERA:APHIDIDAE) IN SELECTED VARIETIES OF COWPEA

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Messina ◽  
J. A. A. Renwick ◽  
Joyce L. Barmore
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch

Nearly 200 varieties of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, were screened for resistance to the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. Three varieties known to be resistant in West Africa were highly susceptible to an aphid population from the southern United States. Four other varieties, however, inhibited growth of the southern United States population both in the laboratory and in the field. Life-table comparisons using a resistant and a susceptible variety revealed a three-fold difference in the intrinsic rate of increase and a more than twenty-fold difference in the net reproductive rate. High nymphal mortality and low fecundity on resistant plants were largely responsible for these differences.

scholarly journals Age Stage Two-Sex Life Table Reveals Sublethal Effects of Some Herbal and Chemical Insecticides on Adults ofBemisia tabaci(Hem.: Aleyrodidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Jafarbeigi ◽  
Mohammad Amin Samih ◽  
Mehdi Zarabi ◽  
Saeideh Esmaeily
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Important Pest

The sweetpotato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci(Genn.) (Hem.: Aleyrodidae), is an important pest of agriculture in subtropical and tropical areas. In this study, we used the age-stage two-sex life table to evaluate the sublethal effects of the herbal extracts taken fromFumaria parvifloraLam. (Fumariaceae),Teucrium poliumL. (Lamiaceae),Calotropis procera(Willd.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae), andThymus vulgarisL. (Lamiaceae) as well as the two commercial synthetic insecticides, pymetrozin and neemarin. The whiteflies were exposed to each insecticide using leaf-dip method. Analysis of life table parameters revealed significant differences (P≤0.05) in the net reproductive rate (R0,NRR), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), and finite rate of increase (λ) among different insecticides. The lowest values of the three population parameters,R0,r, andλ, were observed on whiteflies treated with pymetrozin (2.455, 0.036, and 1.036),T. polium(2.828, 0.044, and 1.045), and neemarin (2.998, 0.046, and 1.047), respectively. Results of this study highlights the satisfactory insecticidal effects of the extract taken fromT. poliumonB. tabaci, which is comparable to the two commonly used synthetic insecticides.

scholarly journals Resistance and tolerance of ten carrot cultivars to the hawthorn-carrot aphid, Dysaphis crataegi Kalt., in Poland

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247978
Author(s):  
Maria Pobożniak ◽  
Małgorzata Gaborska ◽  
Tomasz Wójtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Damage caused to cultivated carrots by the hawthorn-carrot aphid, Dysaphis crataegi Kalt. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the factors limiting carrot production in Poland. Planting resistant and tolerant cultivars could reduce yield losses due to the damage caused by this pest. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance and/or tolerance of 10 carrot genotypes to hawthorn-carrot aphid. Their field resistance was determined under field conditions based on five indicators, namely, mean number of alates (migrants) per plant and mean percentage of plants colonized by them, mean seasonal number of aphids per plant, mean number of aphids per plant and mean percentage of infested plants at peak abundance. Antibiosis experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions and pre-reproductive, reproductive time, fertility, and demographic parameters, represented by the net reproduction rate (Ro), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and mean generation time (T), were calculated. Five cultivars, Afro F1, Nipomo F1, Samba F1, White Satin F1, and Yellowstone showed field resistance. Antibiosis experiments revealed significant differences among the carrot cultivars in the length of the reproductive period, female fecundity in the time equal to the pre-reproduction time, and total progeny of hawthorn-carrot aphid. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) for apterous aphids varied significantly, ranging between 0.181 (Nipomo F1) and 0.343 females/female/day (White Satin F1). Additionally, the estimated net reproductive rate (R0) was the lowest on Nipomo F1, and this genotype was determined to be resistant. Our results suggest that a very high density of trichomes on the leaf petioles (71.94 trichomes/cm2) could adversely affect the feeding, bionomy, and demographic parameters of hawthorn-carrot aphid on the cultivar Nipomo F1. In addition, Napa F1 and Kongo F1 demonstrated high tolerance. Considering all the results collectively, four genotypes, Afro F1, Kongo F1, Napa F1 and Nipomo F1, were relatively resistant/tolerant to the hawthorn-carrot aphid.

scholarly journals KESESUAIAN TELUR KEPIK KEDELAI UNTUK PEMBIAKAN MASSAL Anastatus dasyni FERR. (HYMENOPTERA: EUPELMIDAE), PARASITOID TELUR KEPIK LADA

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
IWA .M. TRISAWA ◽  
A. RAUF ◽  
U. KARTOSUWONDO ◽  
N. MARYANA ◽  
A. NURMANSYAH
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
Rate Of Increase

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Anastatus dasyni Ferr. adalah parasitoid telur kepik lada, Dasynuspiperis China. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji kesesuaian telur kepikkedelai Riptortus linearis dan Nezara viridula sebagai inang untukpembiakan massal parasitoid A. dasyni. Imago parasitoid A. dasyni yangberasal dari lapangan dipelihara secara terpisah pada telur dari kedua jeniskepik kedelai. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap biologi A. dasyni yangmeliputi masa perkembangan pradewasa dan berbagai parameter kehi-dupan imago betina. Selain itu, dilakukan analisis neraca hayati denganmenggabungkan data perkembangan dan sintasan pradewasa, masa hidupimago dan reproduksi, serta nisbah kelamin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa masa perkembangan larva dan pupa A dasyni pada telur N. viridulalebih singkat serta laju peneluran lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada telur R.linearis. Imago betina A. dasyni yang keluar dari telur N. viridula hanya1,81%, sedangkan dari telur R. linearis sebanyak 70,20%. Oleh karena itu,parameter neraca hayati hanya dapat dihitung dari parasitoid yangdipelihara pada telur R. linearis. Laju pertambahan intrinsik parasitoidadalah (r) 0,1870, masa generasi (T) 27,51 hari, reproduksi bersih (Ro)84,29, laju pertambahan terbatas (λ) 1,21, dan nilai reproduksi (RVx)402,51. Proporsi persebaran usia stabil (px) adalah 17,06% telur, 50,41%larva, 26,53% pupa, dan 6,02% imago. Telur kepik kedelai R. linearisdapat digunakan untuk pembiakan massal A. dasyni.</p><p>Kata kunci : Anastatus dasyni, Dasynus piperis, Riptortus linearis,Nezara viridula, parasitoid, pembiakan massal</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Suitability of soybean bug eggs for mass rearing ofAnastatus dasyni Ferr. (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), anegg parasitoid of pepper bug</p><p>Anastatus dasyni Ferr. is an important egg parasitoid of pepper bug,Dasynus piperis China. Research was conducted with the objectives tostudy the suitability of eggs of soybean bugs Riptortus linearis and Nezaraviridula for mass rearing of A. dasyni. Adults of A. dasyni collected fromthe field were inoculated separately on eggs of two species of soybeanbugs. Biological parameters such as immature development and adultlongevity were observed daily. Lifetable parameters were calculated on thebasis of development and survival of immature, reproduction, and sexratio. Our studies revealed that parasitoid developing on Nezara viridulaeggs had shorter larval and pupal development and higher in ovipositionrate than those on Riptortus linearis eggs. However, parasitoids emergedfrom N. viridula eggs only 1.81% were females, while from R. lineariseggs were 70.20%. Therefore, lifetable parameters can only be generatedfrom parasitoid reared on R. linearis eggs. The intrinsic rate of increase (r)mean generation time (T) 0.1870, 27.51 days, 84.29, 1.21, and 402.51respectively net reproductive rate (Ro), finite rate of increase (λ), andreproductive value (RVx). The stable stage distribution (px) were 17,06%eggs, 50,41% larvae, 26,53% pupae, and 6,02% adults. Eggs of soybeanbug R. linearis can be used for mass rearing of parasitoid A. dasyni.</p><p>Key words : Anastatus dasyni, Dasynus piperis, Riptortus linearis,Nezara viridula, parasitoid, mass rearing</p>

scholarly journals Life Table and Preference Choice of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) for Kidney Bean Plants Treated by Exogenous Calcium

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 838
Author(s):  
Guang Zeng ◽  
Jun-Rui Zhi ◽  
Mao Ye ◽  
Wen Xie ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Exogenous Calcium

Exogenous calcium (Ca) has been used to induce host plant resistance in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, including from thrips attack. The aim of this study was to determine whether exogenously applied Ca affects the performance of Frankliniella occidentalis. We assessed the development time, total longevity, reproduction, and population parameters of F. occidentalis, and its preference choice on Ca-treated or untreated control kidney bean plants under laboratory conditions. The results showed that F. occidentalis fed on Ca-treated leaves had a longer developmental time but lower longevity (female and male) and fecundity than F. occidentalis fed on control leaves. Population parameters, including the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0), were all found higher in control leaves than in Ca-treated leaves, and the mean generation time (T) was shorter. In preference choices, the number of thrips on control plants was higher than the number of thrips on Ca-treated kidney bean plants. Overall, our results indicated that exogenous Ca pretreatment on kidney bean plants affected the life history and preference choice of F. occidentalis, suggesting Ca might be used as a promising elicitor of inducible plant defense against thrips.

Development, survival and reproduction of a potential biological control agent, Lasioseius japonicus Ehara (Acari: Blattisociidae), on eggs of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1461-1471
Author(s):  
Lixia Xie ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
Xinran Wu ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Chenlin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generation Time ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Finite Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
The Mean

Lasioseius japonicus is a species of soil-dwelling predatory mite with great potential for controlling insect pests and has a broad application prospect in biological control. This study was conducted under indoor conditions to explore the development, survival and reproduction of L. japonicus on two diets. Through the construction of two-sex life table of L. japonicus, it was revealed that, when it preyed on eggs of Drosophila melanogaster, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.2614 d-1, the net reproductive rate (R0) was 57.76 offspring, the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.2988 d-1, and the mean generation time (T) was 15.49 d. When preying on eggs of Sitotroga cerealella, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) of L. japonicus was 0.1560 d-1, the net reproductive rate (R0) was 20.96 offspring, the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.1690d-1, and the mean generation time (T) was 19.41 d. In addition, the life expectancy and population growth trend of L. japonicus were simulated based on the above two alternative prey species. The results showed that feeding on the eggs of D. melanogaster is more beneficial to the growth and reproduction of L. japonicus.

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