Acaricidal activity and biochemical analysis of Citrus limetta seed oil for controlling Ixodid Tick Rhipicephalus microplus infesting cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parag Jain ◽  
Trilochan Satapathy ◽  
Ravindra Kumar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Citrus Limetta

The present study was performed with an objective to determine acaricidal activity of Citrus limetta seed oil (CLO) against cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. The mode of action of CLO was determined by evaluating biochemical enzymatic levels in treated ticks. CLO was obtained by extracting with n-hexane as solvent in soxhlet apparatus. The active compounds in CLO were analyzed through Gas chromatography. Acaricidal activity of CLO was evaluated using larval packet test (LPT) and adult immersion test (AIT). Results of chromatographic analysis showed that palmitic acid, stearic acid, α-Tocopherol and bergamol were present as major active constituents along with other compounds. The lethal concentration (LC50) of CLO was found to be 2.87% and 3.96% for larvae and adult of R. microplus ticks, respectively. In vitro acaricidal bioassay revealed 100% mortality of ticks in both LPT and AIT at 12.5% dose. CLO significantly (p < 0.001) reduced oviposition rate, hatching ability of eggs and reproduction efficiency of ticks. Biochemical analysis of ticks homogenate showed different enzymatic levels. The results revealed that CLO disturbed protective enzymes functions by reducing level of SOD, GST, MAO and AChE but increasing NOS level in ticks as compared with control group. Thus, CLO may be used as an effective acaricidal agent in controlling R. microplus ticks.  

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Ethanolic Extracts ofAgeratum conyzoidesandArtemisia absinthiumagainst Cattle Tick,Rhipicephalus microplus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Parveen ◽  
R. Godara ◽  
R. Katoch ◽  
A. Yadav ◽  
P. K. Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immersion Test ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

In vitro efficacy of ethanolic extracts obtained from the aerial parts ofAgeratum conyzoidesandArtemisia absinthiumwas assessed onRhipicephalus microplususing adult immersion test (AIT). Five concentrations of the extract (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) with three replications for each concentration were used in the bioassay. In AIT, the maximum mortality was recorded as 40% and 66.7% at 20% concentration forA. conyzoidesandA. absinthium, respectively. Acaricidal activity was found to be higher in the extract ofA. absinthiumwith LC50and LC95values of 11.2% and 61.7%, respectively. Egg mass weight of the live ticks treated with different concentrations of the extracts was significantly(P<0.05)lower than that of control ticks; consequently, the reproductive index and oviposition values of the treated ticks were reduced significantly(P<0.05). TheA. conyzoidesinhibited 90% hatching of eggs at the 20% concentration, whereasA. absinthiumshowed 100% inhibition at 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations. The results show thatA. absinthiumhas better acaricidal properties thanA. conyzoidesand could be useful in controllingR. microplus.

scholarly journals Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae) leaf and flower essential oils to control Rhipicephalus microplus Canestrini (Arachnida: Ixodidae) in the free-living stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e5049108788
Author(s):  
Luciane Neris Cazella ◽  
Herika Line de Marko de Oliveira ◽  
Wanessa de Campos Bortolucci ◽  
Isabelle Luiz Rahal ◽  
Irinéia Paulina Baretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Egg Hatchability

Baccharis dracunculifolia, native to Brazil and the main source of “green propolis”, has been reported with several biological activities, and may be a source of bovine tick control substituting synthetic acaricides. Objective: to evaluate the in vitro and ex situ acaricidal activity of B. dracunculifolia leaf and flower essential oils against Rhipicephalus microplus. Methodology: the essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by a gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry; the acaricidal activity of the essential oil was evaluated in vitro against adult females and against the egg hatchability; moreover, the acaricidal activity against tick larvae was evaluated in vitro and ex situ. Results: the major class of the essential oils was oxygenated sesquiterpene (55.1% leaves 50.4% flowers) and the main compounds were (21.5% leaves; 20.6% flowers) and spathulenol (21.8% leaves; 20.3% flowers). The essential oil at 500 mg/mL was effective to control egg hatchability with a reduction of egg laying capacity and decrease of number of adult ticks and larvae. The larvicidal activity of the essential oil had LC99.9 from 35 to 37 mg/mL by probit analysis, and the essential oil from 11 to 14 mg/mL presented 85 to 95% of treatment efficiency in the ex situ test. Conclusion: B. dracunculifolia leaf and flower essential oils are stable and have application potential to control bovine ticks.

In vitro assessment of the acaricidal activity of carvacrol, thymol, eugenol and their acetylated derivatives on Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane Novato ◽  
Geovany Amorim Gomes ◽  
Viviane Zeringóta ◽  
Cristiane Teixeira Franco ◽  
Débora Ramos de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
In Vitro Assessment

scholarly journals Acaricidal activity of leaves of Morus nigra against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.S. Dantas ◽  
D.P. Freire ◽  
G.R. Souza ◽  
J.R.G.S. Almeida ◽  
L.A. Rolim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Morus Nigra ◽  
Cattle Ticks

ABSTRACT The acaricidal activity of crude ethanolic extract and fractions from the leaves of Morus nigra (Moraceae) was carried out on female cattle ticks Rhipicephalus microplus, using the adult immersion test. The mortality and fertility of females exposed to different concentrations of hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions, as well as ethanolic extract of M. nigra with concentrations of 5, 10 and 25mg/ml were evaluated using three treatment groups, two control groups and triplicate tests. The study also identified the main phenolic compounds of the extract and fractions of this species by HPLC. The chloroform fraction of leaves of M. nigra (25mg/mL) showed the best results for this species, obtaining 62.6% of inhibition of oviposition, 39.3% of eggs eclosion average and 65.4% of effectiveness. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, which may be related to biological activity shown by the extracts, which can be used as an alternative control against R. microplus adult tick.

scholarly journals In vitro acaricidal activity of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extracts with known azadirachtin concentrations against Rhipicephalus microplus

2011 ◽  
Vol 181 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Giglioti ◽  
M.R. Forim ◽  
H.N. Oliveira ◽  
A.C.S. Chagas ◽  
J. Ferrezini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Seed Extracts

Effects of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and piperonyl butoxide-based pour-on and spray acaricides on controlling the tick Rhipicephalus microplus

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro De Oliveira Souza Higa ◽  
Marcos Valerio Garcia ◽  
Vinicius Da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Paulino Bonatte-Junior ◽  
Francisco Tobias Barradas-Piña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Evaluation Time ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Tick Counts

The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and piperonyl butoxide based pour-on and spray acaricides for the control of Rhipicephalus microplus in a naturally infested cattle herd. Fifty eight male Brangus cattle in the rearing phase were divided into treated (28) and untreated (30) groups. The treated group was subdivided in treated with a pour-on acaricide (13) and treated with a spray acaricide (15). Every 18 days, tick counts, acaricide treatment, weighing and clinical observation were performed on the animals, totaling four evaluation time points. The adult immersion tests were used for in vitro analysis of the study population to different chemical bases was assessed for primary results. Tick counts were separately compared between groups at each time point using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. Significantly fewer number of ticks were observed on the treated group compared to control group and also on the sprayed subgroup compared to pour-on subgroup (p<0.05). Our results indicate that the chemical treatment evaluated directly affects the number of ticks parasitizing animals and that products employing a spray application method may be more effective in controlling cattle ticks.

In vitro and in vivo acaricidal activity evaluation of organo-modified siloxanes in populations of Rhipicephalus microplus

2019 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Balconi Marques ◽  
Fernanda Ramos ◽  
Fagner Fernandes ◽  
Luís Antônio Sangioni ◽  
Gláucia Kommers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Activity Evaluation

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MICROEMULSION CONTAINING NEEM SEED OIL

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
YOGESH S. THORAT ◽  
NAGESH S. KOTE ◽  
VIRENDRA V. PATIL ◽  
AVINASH H. HOSMANI
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Drug Transport ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Neem Seed Oil

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate Microemulsion containing seed oil. Neem seed (Azadirachtaindica) oil was extracted from its seeds by the soxhlet apparatus. Acetone is used as a solvent. PEG 400 and Carbopol 940p was select as surfactant, co-surfactant and hydrogel thickening agent. Microemulsions were characterized for pH, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro drug transport study and in vivo antibacterial activity and shows satisfactory results. Antibacterial activity of formulation against E. coli Shows at a concentration of 3%. The neem seed oil microemulsion has the potential for antibacterial activity. Methods: A ratio of surfactant and cosurfactant i.e, S/CoSchoosen and corresponding mixture was made. The mixture was mixed with oil. Each mixture was mixed thoroughly using magnetic stirrer until homogenous dispersion/solution was obtained. Double distilled water was used in this formulations as to prevent the incorporation of surface active impurities. The mixture was titrated with water and ambient temperature with constant stirring at the endpoint where the mixture become clouded, the quantity of aquous phase added. The percentage of three different pseudo-phases incorporated were calculated.  Results: Solubility studies in various solvents reveals that the oil is insoluble in distilled water and ethanol. Soluble in methanol. Conclusion: It was observed that the microemulsion having multilamellar nature. Batches with carbopol shows better homogenous distribution. The stability of microemulsion prepared with carbopol 71 was gretter than with xanthan gum. The in vitro study of microemulsion was performed and Batch (F7) is optimized batch which shows highest drug release.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficacy of Acaricides Used to Control the Cattle Tick,Rhipicephalus microplus, in Dairy Herds Raised in the Brazilian Southwestern Amazon

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana G. Brito ◽  
Fábio S. Barbieri ◽  
Rodrigo B. Rocha ◽  
Márcia C. S. Oliveira ◽  
Elisana Sales Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
The State ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Macrocyclic Lactones

The adult immersion test (AIT) was used to evaluate the efficacy of acaricide molecules used for control ofRhipicephalus micropluson 106 populations collected in five municipalities in the state of Rondônia in the Brazilian South Occidental Amazon region. The analysis of the data showed that the acaricide formulations had different efficacies on the tick populations surveyed. The synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) acaricides were the least effective (48.35–76.84%), followed by SP + organophosphate (OP) associations (68.91–81.47%) and amidine (51.35–100%). For the macrocyclic lactones (MLs), the milbemycin (94.84–100%) was the most effective, followed by spinosad (93.21–100%) and the avermectins (81.34–100%). The phenylpyrazole (PZ) group had similar efficacy (99.90%) to the MLs. Therefore, SP acaricides, including associations with OP, and formulations based on amidine presented low in vitro efficacy to control theR. micropluspopulations surveyed.

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