scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficacy of Acaricides Used to Control the Cattle Tick,Rhipicephalus microplus, in Dairy Herds Raised in the Brazilian Southwestern Amazon

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana G. Brito ◽  
Fábio S. Barbieri ◽  
Rodrigo B. Rocha ◽  
Márcia C. S. Oliveira ◽  
Elisana Sales Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
The State ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Macrocyclic Lactones

The adult immersion test (AIT) was used to evaluate the efficacy of acaricide molecules used for control ofRhipicephalus micropluson 106 populations collected in five municipalities in the state of Rondônia in the Brazilian South Occidental Amazon region. The analysis of the data showed that the acaricide formulations had different efficacies on the tick populations surveyed. The synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) acaricides were the least effective (48.35–76.84%), followed by SP + organophosphate (OP) associations (68.91–81.47%) and amidine (51.35–100%). For the macrocyclic lactones (MLs), the milbemycin (94.84–100%) was the most effective, followed by spinosad (93.21–100%) and the avermectins (81.34–100%). The phenylpyrazole (PZ) group had similar efficacy (99.90%) to the MLs. Therefore, SP acaricides, including associations with OP, and formulations based on amidine presented low in vitro efficacy to control theR. micropluspopulations surveyed.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Ethanolic Extracts ofAgeratum conyzoidesandArtemisia absinthiumagainst Cattle Tick,Rhipicephalus microplus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Parveen ◽  
R. Godara ◽  
R. Katoch ◽  
A. Yadav ◽  
P. K. Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immersion Test ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

In vitro efficacy of ethanolic extracts obtained from the aerial parts ofAgeratum conyzoidesandArtemisia absinthiumwas assessed onRhipicephalus microplususing adult immersion test (AIT). Five concentrations of the extract (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) with three replications for each concentration were used in the bioassay. In AIT, the maximum mortality was recorded as 40% and 66.7% at 20% concentration forA. conyzoidesandA. absinthium, respectively. Acaricidal activity was found to be higher in the extract ofA. absinthiumwith LC50and LC95values of 11.2% and 61.7%, respectively. Egg mass weight of the live ticks treated with different concentrations of the extracts was significantly(P<0.05)lower than that of control ticks; consequently, the reproductive index and oviposition values of the treated ticks were reduced significantly(P<0.05). TheA. conyzoidesinhibited 90% hatching of eggs at the 20% concentration, whereasA. absinthiumshowed 100% inhibition at 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations. The results show thatA. absinthiumhas better acaricidal properties thanA. conyzoidesand could be useful in controllingR. microplus.

scholarly journals Efficacy of commercial synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates associations used to control Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Zamperete Reginato ◽  
Gustavo Cauduro Cadore ◽  
Fernanda Rezer de Menezes ◽  
Luis Antonio Sangioni ◽  
Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
The State ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Cattle Farms

Abstract This study evaluated the acaricidal efficiency of synthetic pyrethroids (SP) associated with organophosphates (OP) against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus populations in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Ticks were collected in 54 cattle farms and tested using in vitro adult immersion test against four commercially available acaricide mixtures of SP and OP. Only one of four acaricides, comprising a mixture of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and fenthion, had a mean efficiency higher than 95%, and was effective in 94.44% (51/54) of the cattle farms tested. The acaricide with a mixture of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and citronelall had the lowest mean efficiency (62.11%), and was effective in 29.62% (16/54) of cattle farms tested. Furthermore, R. (B.) microplus in Southern Brazil exhibited differing degrees of resistance to SP and OP mixtures. The results suggest that the presence of fenthion contributes to the higher efficiency of the formulation with this active principle. This is possibly due to its recent commercial availability, as tick populations have been lower challenged with this product. Monitoring the resistance of ticks to carrapaticides is essential to maximize the efficiency of these products in the control of R. (B.) microplus.

scholarly journals Efficacy of two commercial synthetic pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin) on Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus microplus strains of the south-western region of Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achille S. Ouedraogo ◽  
Olivier M. Zannou ◽  
Abel S. Biguezoton ◽  
Kouassi Yao Patrick ◽  
Adrien M. G. Belem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Amblyomma Variegatum ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroid ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Western Region

AbstractSince 2011, period of the livestock invasion by the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus in Burkina Faso (BF), tick-control problems were exacerbated. Based on farmer’s reports, most commonly used commercial acaricides were found to be ineffective in Western South part of the country. To investigate the occurrence and extent of such acaricidal ineffectiveness, we performed the standardized larval packet test (LPT) with commercial deltamethrin (vectocid) and cypermethrin (cypertop), on two cattle tick species, the native Amblyomma variegatum and the invasive R. microplus. The resistance ratios (RR) were computed with susceptible Hounde strain of Rhipicephalus geigyi as reference. The R. microplus population showed resistance to the two acaricides tested with the highest lethal concentration (LC) values, and different resistance ratios higher than 4 (deltamethrin: RR50 = 28.18 and RR90 = 32.41; cypermethrin: RR50 = 8.79 and RR90 = 23.15). In the contrary, A. variegatum population was found to be highly susceptible to acaricides tested with low lethal concentrations and resistance ratio values (deltamethrin: RR50 = 0.5 and RR90 = 0.48; cypermethrin: RR50 = 0.68 and RR90 = 0.79). These data demonstrate high synthetic pyrethroid resistance in R. microplus strain, leading to conclude that the acaricide ineffectiveness in tick populations control remains a concern in BF.

scholarly journals Acaricidal activity of leaves of Morus nigra against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.S. Dantas ◽  
D.P. Freire ◽  
G.R. Souza ◽  
J.R.G.S. Almeida ◽  
L.A. Rolim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Morus Nigra ◽  
Cattle Ticks

ABSTRACT The acaricidal activity of crude ethanolic extract and fractions from the leaves of Morus nigra (Moraceae) was carried out on female cattle ticks Rhipicephalus microplus, using the adult immersion test. The mortality and fertility of females exposed to different concentrations of hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions, as well as ethanolic extract of M. nigra with concentrations of 5, 10 and 25mg/ml were evaluated using three treatment groups, two control groups and triplicate tests. The study also identified the main phenolic compounds of the extract and fractions of this species by HPLC. The chloroform fraction of leaves of M. nigra (25mg/mL) showed the best results for this species, obtaining 62.6% of inhibition of oviposition, 39.3% of eggs eclosion average and 65.4% of effectiveness. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, which may be related to biological activity shown by the extracts, which can be used as an alternative control against R. microplus adult tick.

scholarly journals IN VITRO TOXICITY OF CYPERMETHRIN AND DELTAMETHRIN ON THE CATTLE TICK Rhipicephalus microplus

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
I. CHARLIE-SILVA ◽  
L. M. SOUZA ◽  
M. A. A. BELO ◽  
A. C. MORAES ◽  
E. J. R. PRADO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Cattle Tick

Acaricidal activity and biochemical analysis of Citrus limetta seed oil for controlling Ixodid Tick Rhipicephalus microplus infesting cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parag Jain ◽  
Trilochan Satapathy ◽  
Ravindra Kumar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Citrus Limetta

The present study was performed with an objective to determine acaricidal activity of Citrus limetta seed oil (CLO) against cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. The mode of action of CLO was determined by evaluating biochemical enzymatic levels in treated ticks. CLO was obtained by extracting with n-hexane as solvent in soxhlet apparatus. The active compounds in CLO were analyzed through Gas chromatography. Acaricidal activity of CLO was evaluated using larval packet test (LPT) and adult immersion test (AIT). Results of chromatographic analysis showed that palmitic acid, stearic acid, α-Tocopherol and bergamol were present as major active constituents along with other compounds. The lethal concentration (LC50) of CLO was found to be 2.87% and 3.96% for larvae and adult of R. microplus ticks, respectively. In vitro acaricidal bioassay revealed 100% mortality of ticks in both LPT and AIT at 12.5% dose. CLO significantly (p < 0.001) reduced oviposition rate, hatching ability of eggs and reproduction efficiency of ticks. Biochemical analysis of ticks homogenate showed different enzymatic levels. The results revealed that CLO disturbed protective enzymes functions by reducing level of SOD, GST, MAO and AChE but increasing NOS level in ticks as compared with control group. Thus, CLO may be used as an effective acaricidal agent in controlling R. microplus ticks.  

scholarly journals A pilot study on the prevalence of lice in Irish beef cattle and the first Irish report of deltamethrin tolerance in Bovicola bovis

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Mckiernan ◽  
Jack O’Connor ◽  
William Minchin ◽  
Edward O’Riordan ◽  
Alan Dillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
First Record ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Macrocyclic Lactones ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Linognathus Vituli ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Pediculosis in cattle causes significant itching, irritation and stress to the animal, often resulting in skin damage and poor coat condition. The control of bovine pediculosis in Ireland is based predominantly on commercial insecticides belonging to one of two chemical classes, the synthetic pyrethroids and the macrocyclic lactones. In recent years, pyrethroid tolerance has been reported in a number of species of livestock lice in the United Kingdom and Australia. Results In this pilot survey, lice were detected in 16 (94%) out of 17 herds visited. Two species of lice, Bovicola bovis and Linognathus vituli were identified. In vitro contact bioassays showed evidence of deltamethrin tolerance in Bovicola bovis collected from 4 farms. This was confirmed by repeatedly assessing louse infestations on treated animals on one farm. Conclusions To our knowledge this is the first record of insecticide tolerant populations of lice in Irish cattle. The results also provide new data on the species of lice infesting beef cattle in Ireland and the prevalence and control of louse infestations in Irish beef cattle herds.

scholarly journals Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus resistant to acaricides and ivermectin in cattle farms of Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Róger Iván Rodríguez-Vivas ◽  
Luis Carlos Pérez-Cogollo ◽  
José Alberto Rosado-Aguilar ◽  
Melina Maribel Ojeda-Chi ◽  
Iris Trinidad-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Macrocyclic Lactones ◽  
Antiparasitic Drug ◽  
Antiparasitic Drugs ◽  
Cattle Farms

Ticks and the diseases they transmit cause great economic losses to livestock in tropical countries. Non-chemical control alternatives include the use of resistant cattle breeds, biological control and vaccines. However, the most widely used method is the application of different chemical classes of acaricides and macrocyclic lactones. Populations of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, resistant to organophosphates (OP), synthetic pyrethroids (SP), amitraz and fipronil have been reported in Mexico. Macrocyclic lactones are the most sold antiparasitic drug in the Mexican veterinary market. Ivermectin-resistant populations of R. (B.) microplus have been reported in Brazil, Uruguay and especially in Mexico (Veracruz and Yucatan). Although ivermectin resistance levels in R. (B.) microplus from Mexico were generally low in most cases, some field populations of R. (B.) microplus exhibited high levels of ivermectin resistance. The CHPAT population showed a resistance ratio of 10.23 and 79.6 at lethal concentration of 50% and 99%, respectively. Many field populations of R. (B.) microplus are resistant to multiple classes of antiparasitic drugs, including organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, coumaphos and diazinon), pyrethroids (flumethrin, deltamethrin and cypermethrin), amitraz and ivermectin. This paper reports the current status of the resistance of R. (B.) microplus to acaricides, especially ivermectin, in Mexican cattle.

scholarly journals In vitro effect of seven essential oils on the reproduction of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Pazinato ◽  
Andréia Volpato ◽  
Matheus D. Baldissera ◽  
Roberto C.V. Santos ◽  
Dilmar Baretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Vitro Effect

scholarly journals Acaricide resistance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Andreotti ◽  
Felix David Guerrero ◽  
Mariana Aparecida Soares ◽  
Jacqueline Cavalcante Barros ◽  
Robert John Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
The State ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Acaricide Resistance ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

This study was conducted to obtain an epidemiological view of acaricide resistance in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. Twenty-four tick samples were collected from municipalities in the State where farmers had reported concerns about resistance to or failure of tick control. These ticks were subjected to in vitro resistance detection assays using the adult immersion test (AIT). The efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin, cypermethrin and amitraz treatments on samples collected throughout the State was generally poor. AIT showed efficacy > 90% from the use of DDVP + chlorfenvinphos) (20 out of 21 municipalities), dichlorvos + cypermethrin (10 out of 16 municipalities) and cypermethrin + citronella + chlorpyrifos + piperonyl butoxide (20 out of 21 municipalities). PCR assays were used to detect the presence of pyrethroid resistance-associated sodium channel gene mutation. Larvae from three different populations that had previously been diagnosed as pyrethroid-resistant, through AIT, were evaluated. The PCR assays showed that the pyrethroid resistance-associated gene mutation was absent from these three populations. This study confirms that the emergence of resistance is a constant challenge for the livestock industry, and that development of resistance continues to be a major driver for new antiparasitic drugs to be developed.

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