Automated AFM for small-scale and large-scale surface profiling in CMP applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardavan Zandiatashbar ◽  
Byong Kim ◽  
Young-kook Yoo ◽  
Keibock Lee ◽  
Ahjin Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Surface Profiling ◽  
Scale Surface

scholarly journals Small-Scale Strain Measurements on a Glacier Surface

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (59) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Colbeck ◽  
R. J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Scale Surface ◽  
Deformation Measurements

AbstractSurface deformations in the neighborhood of a crevasse field were measured over short (3 m) gage lengths in order to study flow conditions associated with crevasse formation. The results obtained were unusual in that they were inconsistent with large-scale results found by previous workers. It was concluded that the presence of small-scale surface effects, such as fractures, pot-holes and healed crevasses give rise to small-scale deformation fields with large spatial and temporal variations and that there is a lower limit of gage length below which deformation measurements pertinent to regional (low phenomena cannot be made. This lower limit is apparently an order of magnitude greater than the spacing of the features which give rise to localized effects.

Interaction between small-scale surface waves and large-scale internal waves

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdi H. Rizk ◽  
Denny R. S. Ko
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Internal Waves ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Surface

scholarly journals Small-Scale Strain Measurements on a Glacier Surface

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (59) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Colbeck ◽  
R. J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Scale Surface ◽  
Deformation Measurements

AbstractSurface deformations in the neighborhood of a crevasse field were measured over short (3 m) gage lengths in order to study flow conditions associated with crevasse formation. The results obtained were unusual in that they were inconsistent with large-scale results found by previous workers. It was concluded that the presence of small-scale surface effects, such as fractures, pot-holes and healed crevasses give rise to small-scale deformation fields with large spatial and temporal variations and that there is a lower limit of gage length below which deformation measurements pertinent to regional (low phenomena cannot be made. This lower limit is apparently an order of magnitude greater than the spacing of the features which give rise to localized effects.

scholarly journals What can X-rays tell us about accretion, mass loss and magnetic fields in young stars?

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (S243) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Thierry Montmerle
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Magnetic Activity ◽  
Young Stars ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Sun ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
Scale Surface

AbstractUntil recently, X-rays from low-mass young stars (105–106 yr) were thought to be a universal proxy for magnetic activity, enhanced by 3-4 orders of magnitude with respect to the Sun, but otherwise similar in nature to all low-mass, late-type convective stars (including the Sun itself). However, there is now evidence that other X-ray emission mechanisms are at work in young stars. The most frequently invoked mechanism is accretion shocks along magnetic field lines (“magnetic accretion”). In the case of the more massive A- and B-type stars, and their progenitors the Herbig AeBe stars, other, possibly more exotic mechanisms can operate: star-disk magnetic reconnection, magnetically channeled shocked winds, etc. In any case, magnetic fields, both on small scale (surface activity) and on large scale (dipolar magnetospheres), play a distinctive role in the emission of X-rays by young stars, probably throughout the IMF.

Small-Scale Science to Large-Scale Profession

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-398
Author(s):  
Roger Smith
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale

Development of Physics Learning Module Based on Guided Inquiry with Light Wave Material in Class XI of Senior High School

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Evi Rahmawati ◽  
Irnin Agustina Dwi Astuti ◽  
N Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Teacher Response ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Scientific Skills

IPA Integrated is a place for students to study themselves and the surrounding environment applied in daily life. Integrated IPA Learning provides a direct experience to students through the use and development of scientific skills and attitudes. The importance of integrated IPA requires to pack learning well, integrated IPA integration with the preparation of modules combined with learning strategy can maximize the learning process in school. In SMP 209 Jakarta, the value of the integrated IPA is obtained from 34 students there are 10 students completed and 24 students are not complete because they get the value below the KKM of 68. This research is a development study with the development model of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The use of KPS-based integrated IPA modules (Science Process sSkills) on the theme of rainbow phenomenon obtained by media expert validation results with an average score of 84.38%, average material expert 82.18%, average linguist 75.37%. So the average of all aspects obtained by 80.55% is worth using and tested to students. The results of the teacher response obtained 88.69% value with excellent criteria. Student responses on a small scale acquired an average score of 85.19% with highly agreed criteria and on the large-scale student response gained a yield of 86.44% with very agreed criteria. So the module can be concluded receiving a good response by the teacher and students.

Planetary gentrification and urban (re)development

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta Lees
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups

Abstract Gentrification is no-longer, if it ever was, a small scale process of urban transformation. Gentrification globally is more often practised as large scale urban redevelopment. It is state-led or state-induced. The results are clear – the displacement and disenfranchisement of low income groups in favour of wealthier in-movers. So, why has gentrification come to dominate policy making worldwide and what can be done about it?

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF CA DONG PEOPLE IN RESETTLEMENT AREA OF TRANH RIVER HYDROPOWER NUMBER 2: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPACT FACTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bùi Thị Bích Lan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Role Of The State

In Vietnam, the construction of hydropower projects has contributed significantly in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The place where hydropower projects are built is mostly inhabited by ethnic minorities - communities that rely primarily on land, a very important source of livelihood security. In the context of the lack of common productive land in resettlement areas, the orientation for agricultural production is to promote indigenous knowledge combined with increasing scientific and technical application; shifting from small-scale production practices to large-scale commodity production. However, the research results of this article show that many obstacles in the transition process are being posed such as limitations on natural resources, traditional production thinking or the suitability and effectiveness of scientific - technical application models. When agricultural production does not ensure food security, a number of implications for people’s lives are increasingly evident, such as poverty, preserving cultural identity, social relations and resource protection. Since then, it has set the role of the State in researching and building appropriate agricultural production models to exploit local strengths and ensure sustainability.

Managing the impacts of mining on Ghana’s water resources from a legal perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasirudeen Abdul Fatawu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Legal Perspective

Recent floods in Ghana are largely blamed on mining activities. Not only are lives lost through these floods, farms andproperties are destroyed as a result. Water resources are diverted, polluted and impounded upon by both large-scale minersand small-scale miners. Although these activities are largely blamed on behavioural attitudes that need to be changed, thereare legal dimensions that should be addressed as well. Coincidentally, a great proportion of the water resources of Ghana arewithin these mining areas thus the continual pollution of these surface water sources is a serious threat to the environmentand the development of the country as a whole. The environmental laws need to be oriented properly with adequate sanctionsto tackle the impacts mining has on water resources. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure needs to bestreamlined and undertaken by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and not the company itself.

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