Assessment of Teacher Attitudes Toward Inclusion of Students with Disabilities: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios D. Sideridis ◽  
Judy P. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fit Index

The Teacher Integration Attitudes Questionnaire (TIAQ) was developed in order to assess the attitudes and beliefs of teachers (n = 110) with regard to the inclusion of students with disabilities in regular education settings. Using Structural Equation Modeling, the final structural model of the TIAQ comprised four constructs, namely, “Skills,” “Benefits,” “Acceptance,” and “Support.” The final model was fully supported by the derivation sample of music education teachers (n = 54) and produced a Comparative Fit Index (CFI = 1.00). The replication sample of physical education teachers (n = 56) partially supported the generality of the TIAQ, (CFI = .844). Further, the internal consistency properties of the TIAQ (Cronbach’s alpha was .77 for both samples) were satisfactory. We conclude that the psychometric properties of the TIAQ were adequate, and it can be used as a valid assessment in evaluating the status of inclusion for students with disabilities as perceived by music education and physical education teachers. However, future research is needed to support its generality with other groups of teachers and professionals.

scholarly journals Initial Validation of the Teacher-Created Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire in Physical Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Milton ◽  
Paul R. Appleton ◽  
Anna Bryant ◽  
Joan L. Duda
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Motivational Climate ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Secondary School Pupils

Purpose: Guided by Duda’s hierarchical conceptualization of the motivational climate that draws from self-determination and achievement goal theories, this study provides initial evidence of the psychometric properties of the Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire in physical education (EDMCQ-PE). Method: Questionnaire based with two samples of Welsh secondary school pupils. Results: Exploratory structural equation modeling provided a better fit of the data to the hypothesized model than confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, a two-factor composite (i.e., empowering and disempowering) lower-order model provided an acceptable fit and clear parameter estimates. This two-factor model also demonstrated scalar gender measurement invariance. Discussion: The evidence from this study suggests the EDMCQ-PE is a promising scale for the assessment of secondary school pupils’ perceptions of the empowering and disempowering features of the motivational climate created by their physical education teachers. Conclusion: Moving forward, the statistical approach employed in this paper can inform future studies that develop questionnaire methodology in physical education and from an applied perspective; the EDMCQ-PE can be used by researchers and teachers to assess the motivational climate in PE and help inform the pedagogy underpinning teachers’ classes.

scholarly journals Social Capital’s Effect on Physical Education and Teachers’ Job Satisfaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Okan Gültekin
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Fit Index ◽  
The Impact

This study tested the impact of physical education (PE) teachers’ social capital on job satisfaction and explained levels of social capital for job satisfaction. Study participants were 210 PE teachers. The research methodology used the correlational survey model, and the instruments administered were the Social Capital Scale,and the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale. For conducting scales’ confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling, SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 17.0 software were used. The model’s goodness fit index was: RMSEA = 0.081; SRMR = 0.082; CMIN\DF = 2.523; GFI = 0.922; CFI = 0.923; AGFI = 0.843; NFI = 0.913; Chi squared = 2832.001; df = 976 and p = 0.000. According to these results, the model fit index reached an acceptable and desired level. The effect of social capital on job satisfaction and the rate of explaining job satisfaction were tested. In relation to the study’s first hypothesis, it was revealed that PE teachers’ social capital level and job satisfaction were positively and significantly affected. In regard to the second hypothesis, there was a significant relationship between social capital levels and PE teachers’ job satisfaction. The study’s most significant finding was that social capital significantly predicted PE teachers’ job satisfaction.

The effect of clustering on competitiveness improvement in Hebron

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. Awad ◽  
Alaa A. Amro
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to map the cluster in the leather and shoes sector for improving the competitiveness of the firms. Toward this end, the study is organized to examine the impact of clustering on competitiveness improvement. The influence of competitive elements and performance (Porter’s diamond) and balanced score card was utilized. Design/methodology/approach A random sample of 131 respondents was chosen during the period from May 2016 to July 2016. A structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was applied to investigate the research model. This approach was chosen because of its ability to test casual relationships between constructs with multiple measurement items. Researchers proposed a two-stage model-building process for applying SEM. The measurement model was first examined for instrument validation, followed by an analysis of the structural model for testing associations hypothesized by the research model. Findings The main findings show that there is a unidirectional causal relationship between improvements of performance and achieve competitiveness and also reveal that the Palestinian shoes and leather cluster sector is vital and strong, and conclude that clustering can achieve competitiveness for small- and medium-sized enterprises. Research limitations/implications Future research can examine the relationship between clustering and innovation. The effect of clustering using other clustering models other than Porter’s model is advised to be used for future research. Practical implications The relationships among clustering and competitiveness may provide a practical clue to both, policymakers and researchers on how cluster enhances economic firms such as a skilled workforce, research, development capacity, and infrastructure. This is likely to create assets such as trust, synergy, collaboration and cooperation for improved competitiveness. Originality/value The findings of this study provide background information that can simultaneously be used to analyze relationships among factors of innovation, customer’s satisfaction, internal business and financial performance. This study also identified several essential factors in successful firms, and discussed the implications of these factors for developing organizational strategies to encourage and foster competitiveness.

A Review of Research on Ethic of Care in Physical Education and Physical Activity Settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Yilin Li ◽  
Weidong Li
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Ethic Of Care ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Caring Behaviors ◽  
Activity Settings ◽  
The Status ◽  
Teaching Pedagogies

Purpose: The authors conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on caring in physical education and physical activity settings with a goal of identifying the status, gaps, and future trends of research on ethic of care in our field. Methods and Data Analysis: The authors identified and coded 16 peer-reviewed and data-based articles with a coding template from six databases. For each of the coding categories, frequencies and percentages were calculated. Results: Physical education teachers valued the importance of being caring. The perceived caring climate or perception of caring behaviors was positively related to a number of motivational, cognitive, and emotional variables in physical education or physical activity settings. Discussion and Conclusion: Research on caring in our field is still in its infancy. Noddings argues that caring is the end in and of itself. This philosophical belief of caring as an end in and of itself needs further examination. The review of literature showed that the majority of studies had solely focused on caring as a means to an end. This is misaligned with the work of Noddings. More experimental research with a rigorous design and appropriate statistical modeling for data analysis are needed. Future research shall also examine other students’ behaviors and learning outcome variables. The teaching pedagogies and practices identified in these qualitative studies can help guide physical education teachers to enact a caring-based curriculum.

The Status of High School Online Physical Education in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Newman Daum ◽  
Craig Buschner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
The Status

Online learning is changing the educational landscape despite the limited empirical research and conflicting results about its effectiveness to produce student learning. The purpose of this study was to describe the status of online physical education (OLPE) in the United States. Surveys were sent to forty-five high school online physical education teachers and thirty-two were completed, producing a 71% response rate. Three-fourths of the online physical education teachers focused on a fitness curriculum with emphasis on the cognitive domain. Likewise, it was found that almost three-fourths of the OLPE courses did not meet the national guidelines for secondary schools, of 225 min of PE per week. Most of the courses required physical activity three days per week while six courses required no physical activity. Teachers expressed support, hesitation, and even opposition toward online physical education. This study initiates a descriptive database for future research studies regarding online physical education.

scholarly journals Influence of Internal and External Controlling Teaching Behaviors on Students’ Motivational Outcomes in Physical Education: Is There a Gender Difference?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ángel Abós ◽  
Rafael Burgueño ◽  
Luis García-González ◽  
Javier Sevil-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Teaching Behaviors ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Multigroup Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

Purpose: Grounded in self-determination theory, this study examined gender latent mean differences in students’ perceptions of externally and internally controlling teaching behaviors, basic psychological need frustration, controlled motivation, amotivation, and oppositional defiance in the physical education context. Moreover, it analyzed the differentiated role that internal and external controlling behaviors play on these self-determination theory-related variables among girls and boys. Method: A sample of 1,118 students (Mage = 14.11 ± 1.50; 50.9% girls) participated in this research. A multigroup structural equation modeling approach was used to respond to the research questions. Results: Analyses revealed that girls reported more maladaptive outcomes in most self-determination theory-related variables than boys. Although externally and internally controlling behaviors of physical education teachers were positively related to maladaptive outcomes, the behaviors correlate differently between boys and girls. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of reducing externally controlling behaviors in boys and internally controlling behaviors in both genders, but particularly in girls.

scholarly journals PENGARUH REPUTASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PADA PT.TELKOM KEBUMEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Sri Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Telecommunication Service

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of social responsibility, etiuka relatives, on the reputation of corporate governance and its impact on the performance of the company PT. Telkom Indonesia Branch Kebumen. The analytical tool used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of this study show that the reputation of social responsibility affects the reputation accepted. This is indicated by the value of CR = 2.514 and p = 0.012 or significant at ½ α = 0.05 t table = ± 1.980. Thus, the social responsibility variables formed by indicators of ethical codes, economic well-being, contributions and participant experiences have a significant influence on reputation. Further business ethics affects the accepted reputation. This is indicated by the value of CR = 2.872 and p = 0.004 or significant at  ½ α = 0.05 t table = ± 1.980. Thus the business ethics variables formed by the indicators: Product quality, product trials, respect for human dignity, cultural integrity of the customer has an influence on reputation. Corporate governance affects acceptable reputation. This is indicated by the value of CR = 3.241 and p = 0.001 or significant at ½ α = 0.05 t table = ± 1.980. thus corporate governance variables formed by the indicators: Company competence, openness and transparency, policy implementation, corporate policy, confidence in top management, knowledge and ability of human resources. Reputation, effect on company performance accepted. This is indicated by the value of CR = 13.933 and p = 0,000 or significant at ½ α = 0.05 t table = ± 1.980. Thus the reputation variable formed by the Company's Vision indicators, the product offered, the emotional closeness of the customer to the company, the company's financial capability and confidence in the employee. The limitations of this study on the structural model used, this model has been well seen from the test of cofirmatory and goodness-of-fit. but it is better for the company's performance topics to dig deeper into the variables and indicators used. Future research may also consider research objects that will be used not only in telecommunication service companies but can be developed in other business organizations.   Key word: Reputation and Corporate Performance

scholarly journals Work Pressures Stemming From School Authorities and Burnout Among Physical Education Teachers: The Mediating Role of Psychological Needs Thwarting

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Evelia Franco ◽  
Ricardo Cuevas ◽  
Javier Coterón ◽  
Christopher Spray
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Psychological Need ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
External Pressures

Purpose: To examine the role of psychological need thwarting in mediating physical education teachers’ work pressures stemming from school authorities and burnout. Method: A total of 345 physical education teachers (M = 47.46; SD = 8.79) completed some online validated questionnaires. Results: Structural equation modeling first revealed that pressures from school authorities predicted needs thwarting which, in turn, predicted burnout. In a second model, in which burnout was deemed as a multidimensional construct, autonomy and competence thwarting was found to predict both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Discussion: These findings suggest that when teachers find themselves pressured by school authorities to act in certain way, they are more likely to feel more exhausted and to adopt more cynical attitudes toward their students due to the thwarting of their basic needs. Practical implications related to school and national policies are discussed. Conclusion: External pressures affect PE teachers’ emotional states and educational policies should address this issue.

An investigation of the internal environment and its effect on the sustainability of social enterprises in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad Sarfaraz Khan ◽  
Qadar Bakhsh Baloch ◽  
Syed Naseeb Ullah Shah
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Study Results

This study aims to examine how factors related to internal environment (i.e. human resource skills, organizational culture and funding) affect the sustainability of social enterprises in Pakistan. The three internal factors i.e. human resource skills; organizational culture and funding were hypothesized to have a positive impact on the sustainability of social enterprises in Pakistan. The study employed questionnaire survey to collect data from a total of 300 respondents using convenient sampling. The theoretical model proposed in the current study was tested using structural equation modeling. The structural model supports all hypotheses proposed in the current study. Results suggest that human resource skills, organizational culture and funding have significant positive impact on the sustainability of social enterprises in Pakistan. The study also demonstrates implications for researchers and practitioners with avenues for future research. Keywords: Social enterprises, sustainability, organization culture, funding, human resource skills.

Relationships Among Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Students’ Motivation, Atmosphere, and Satisfaction in Physical Education

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsiang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Learning Satisfaction ◽  
High School Physical Education

The purpose of this study was to confirm the relationships among teachers’ self-efficacy, and students’ learning motivation, learning atmosphere, and learning satisfaction in senior high school physical education (PE). A sample of 462 PE teachers and 2681 students was drawn using stratified random sampling and cluster sampling from high schools in Taiwan. The research instruments were the Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Scale, and students’ Learning Motivation Scale, Learning Atmosphere Scale, and Learning Satisfaction Scale, which were designed by the researchers based on theories and existing instruments. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the fit of the hypothetical model. The results revealed that the model had acceptable fit. It was concluded that physical education teachers’ self-efficacy affected students’ learning motivation, learning atmosphere, and learning satisfaction; teachers’ self-efficacy also indirectly and positively influenced learning satisfaction, mediated by learning motivation and learning atmosphere.

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