Field Testing: Assessing the Physical Fitness of Mildly Mentally Retarded Individuals

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Pitetti ◽  
Jeffrey E. Fernandez ◽  
David C. Pizarro ◽  
Nancy B. Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Fitness Assessment

This study set out to develop a simple field testing protocol for evaluating the aerobic capacity, forearm isometric strength, and percent body fat of mentally retarded individuals (MRI). A total of 33 (MR) (M IQ=68) subjects (26 males, 7 females) ranging in age from 12 to 49 years participated in this study. A submaximal exercise test using the Schwinn Air-Dyne ergometer was used to estimate aerobic capacity (V̇O2max). Forearm strength was determined by using a hand grip isometric dynamometer. Percent body fat (%BF) was determined by the skinfold method and bioelectrical impedance. All 33 MR subjects who were tested successfully completed the fitness assessment protocol. Correlation coefficients for directly measured versus estimated V̇O2 max and test-retest for forearm strength for 10 of the subjects was .91 and .95, respectively. Slight variations were seen in the methods used to determine %BF. Based on these statistics, it is recommended that the protocol used in this study be considered by those involved in the physical education or training of MRI.

A Practical Method for Estimating Percent Body Fat of Adult Mentally Retarded Males

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke E. Kelly ◽  
James H. Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Criterion Measure ◽  
The Stability ◽  
New Equation

The subjects were 170 moderately and severely mentally retarded men who were divided into two groups. The first group was used to formulate a new prediction equation and the second group was used to cross-validate and ascertain the stability of the derived equation. The prediction equation, employing waist and forearm circumferences, height and weight as predictors, and estimated percent body fat calculated by the generalized regression equation of Jackson and Pollock (1978) as the criterion measure, was formulated using a stepwise multiple regression analysis. A multiple R value of .86 was obtained for the derived equation with a standard error of estimate value of 3.35. The equation was cross-validated on the second sample to ascertain its stability. An r of .81 and a standard error of estimate of 4.41 was obtained between the subjects’ estimated percent body fat, using the new equation, and the criterion measure. This simplified equation provides practitioners with an accurate, reliable, and inexpensive method of estimating percent body fat for adult mentally retarded males.

Obesity Levels in Institutionalized Mentally Retarded Adults

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke E. Kelly ◽  
James H. Rimmer ◽  
Richard A. Ness
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
State School ◽  
Body Density ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Male Subjects

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the percent body fat of 553 institutionalized mentally retarded adults, ages 18 to 40 yrs, from the Denton State School in Texas. The subjects included 343 males and 210 females. Their percent body fat was estimated with generalized regression equations. Body density for males was measured by the sum of three skinfolds, two girths, and age. Body density for females was measured by the sum of three skinfolds and age. The results from this study revealed that 45.2% of the males and 50.5% of the females were obese. The percent body fat of the female subjects was significantly greater than that of the male subjects. A post hoc analysis revealed that profoundly mentally retarded subjects had significantly lower percent body fat than those subjects functioning at the severe and mild levels. These findings indicate a serious need for more investigation of the caloric intake and expenditure of this population in an institutional environment.

scholarly journals Hubungan komposisi tubuh dengan kesegaran jasmani pada atlet hockey

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita Nury Latifah ◽  
Ani Margawati ◽  
Ayu Rahadiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Spearman Test

Komposisi tubuh yang tidak optimal dapat menurunkan kesegaran jasmani atlet sehingga dapat terjadi penurunan performa ketika bertanding. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan persen lemak tubuh, persen massa otot, dan somatotype dengan kesegaran jasmani pada atlet hockey. Desain penelitian yaitu cross-sectional dengan jumlah subjek 35 atlet di Pelatihan Hockey Universitas Negeri Semarang dan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta yang dipilih dengan purposive sampling. Data persen lemak tubuh dan persen massa otot diukur menggunakan bioelectrical impedence analysis (BIA). Data somatotype menggunakan metode antropometri Heath-Carter dan data kesegaran jasmani berupa nilai VO2max diambil menggunakan metode Balke. Analisis data menggunakan uji Pearson, Rank Spearman dan uji regresi linier. Sebagian besar atlet hockey (54,3%) memiliki nilai VO2max dengan kategori baik. Nilai persen lemak tubuh terendah 6,8% dan nilai tertinggi 35%. Nilai persen massa otot terendah 23,9% dan nilai tertinggi 40,9%. Nilai rata-rata dari nilai endomorph, mesomorph, dan ectomorph adalah (-0,04)±0,3; 4,2±0,9; dan 2,3±1,2. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara persen lemak tubuh (p<0,001), persen massa otot (p<0,001), nilai endomorph (p<0,001), dan nilai ectomorph (p=0,016) dengan nilai VO2max. Variabel yang paling berkaitan dengan nilai VO2max adalah persen lemak (p<0,001). Correlation of body composition with physical fitness of hockey athletes AbstractSuboptimal body composition could reduce the physical fitness and performance of athletes. This study analyzed the relationship of percent body fat, percent muscle mass and somatotype on physical fitness in hockey athletes. This study was a cross-sectional study with 35 athletes in Pelatihan Hockey Universitas Negeri Semarang and Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta which selected by purposive sampling. Percent body fat and percent muscle mass were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Somatotype measurement used the anthropometric Heath-Carter method and physical fitness (VO2max) measurement by the Balke method. Data were analyzed using the Pearson test, Rank-Spearman test, and Linear Regression test. Most hockey athletes (54.3%) had good VO2max value. The lowest percentage of body fat was 6.8%. The highest percentage of muscle mass was 40.9%. The average value of the endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph values were (-0.04) ± 0.3; 4.2 ± 0,9; and 2.3 ± 1.2.  There were a significant relationship between percent body fat (p <0.001), percent muscle mass (p <0.001), endomorph value (p <0.001), and ectomorph value (p = 0.016) with VO2max value. Percent of body fat was the most related variable to VO2max (p<0.001).

scholarly journals Validation Of Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzers As A Measure Of Percent Body Fat

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Anne E. Hays ◽  
Kimberly Smith ◽  
Jeff Lynn ◽  
Marianne Mentch ◽  
Megan Knechtges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Percent Body Fat

PERCENT BODY FAT AMONG NON SEDENTARY ADULTS MENTALLY RETARDED. PREVALENCE OF OBESITY.

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
B. Roman ◽  
M A Violan ◽  
M Guerra ◽  
E Cuadrado ◽  
C Fos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

scholarly journals Comparison of Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) versus a Multi-frequency Bioelectrical Impedance (InBody 770) Device for Body Composition Assessment after a 4-Week Hypoenergetic Diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio ◽  
Kenyon ◽  
Ellerbroek ◽  
Carson ◽  
Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
X Ray

The purpose of this investigation was to compare two different methods of assessing body composition (i.e., a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)) over a four-week treatment period in exercise-trained men and women. Subjects were instructed to reduce their energy intake while maintaining the same exercise regimen for a period of four weeks. Pre and post assessments for body composition (i.e., fat-free mass, fat mass, percent body fat) were determined via the MF-BIA and DXA. On average, subjects reduced their energy intake by ~18 percent. The MF-BIA underestimated fat mass and percentage body fat and overestimated fat-free mass in comparison to the DXA. However, when assessing the change in fat mass, fat-free mass or percent body fat, there were no statistically significant differences between the MF-BIA vs. DXA. Overall, the change in percent body fat using the DXA vs. the MF-BIA was −1.3 ± 0.9 and −1.4 ± 1.8, respectively. Our data suggest that when tracking body composition over a period of four weeks, the MF-BIA may be a viable alternative to the DXA in exercise-trained men and women.

scholarly journals Accuracy of physical self-description among chronic exercisers and non-exercisers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Berning ◽  
Mark DeBeliso ◽  
Trish G. Sevene ◽  
Kent J. Adams ◽  
Paul Salmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Management Behaviors

This study addressed the role of chronic exercise to enhance physical self-description as measured by self-estimated percent body fat. Accuracy of physical self-description was determined in normal-weight, regularly exercising and non-exercising males with similar body mass index (BMI)’s and females with similar BMI’s (n=42 males and 45 females of which 23 males and 23 females met criteria to be considered chronic exercisers). Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the degree of agreement between self-estimated percent body fat and actual laboratory measurements (hydrostatic weighing). Three statistical techniques were employed: Pearson correlation coefficients, Bland and Altman plots, and regression analysis. Agreement between measured and self-estimated percent body fat was superior for males and females who exercised chronically, compared to non-exercisers. The clinical implications are as follows. Satisfaction with one’s body can be influenced by several factors, including self-perceived body composition. Dissatisfaction can contribute to maladaptive and destructive weight management behaviors. The present study suggests that regular exercise provides a basis for more positive weight management behaviors by enhancing the accuracy of self-assessed body composition.

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