scholarly journals The Effect of Pre-exercise Glucose Ingestion on Performance during Prolonged Swimming

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Smith ◽  
Edward C. Rhodes ◽  
Robert H. Langill
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glucose Ingestion ◽  
Performance Times

The purpose of this study was to determine if pre-exercise glucose ingestion would improve distance swimming performance. Additionally, pre-exercise glucose was provided at 2 different feeding intervals to investigate the affects of the timing of administration. Ten male triathletes (: age, 29.5 ± 5.0 years; V̇O2peak, 48.8 ± 3.2 ml · kg’1 · min’) swam 4000 m on 3 occasions following the consumption of either a 10% glucose solution 5 min prior to exercise (G5), a 10% glucose solution 35 min prior to exercise (G35), or a similar volume of placebo (PL). Despite a significant difference (p < ,01) in blood glucose concentration prior to exercise ( in mmol · L ’: G" 8.4 ± 1.1 vs. G5 5.2 ± 0.5 or PL 5.3 ± 0.4), no significant differences were observed in total time ( in minutes: G* 70.7 ± 7.6, Gs 70.1 ± 7.6. PL 71.9 ± 8.4). post-exercise blood glucose ( inmmol · L−1: G35 5.1 ± 1.1, G5 5.1 ± 0.9, PL 5.3 ± 0.4), and average heart rate ( in bpnv.G" 155.8±10.8, G5 153.6±12.6. PL 152.0± 12.5; p > .05). While not reaching statistical significance, glucose feedings did result in improved individual performance times, ranging from 24 s to 5 min in 8 of the 10 subjects compared to the placebo. These results were found despite significant differences in blood glucose between trials immediately prior to exercise.

Effect on blood glucose concentration of changes in availability of glucose to the brain

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Sakata ◽  
Shigeo Hayano ◽  
Henry A. Sloviter
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Glucose Curve

In the unanesthetized rabbit, systemic blood glucose concentration was measured periodically during the course of a slow, continuous infusion of glucose solution via the internal carotid artery. Under conditions otherwise identical, the same experiment was performed in the same rabbit, but the infusion was intravenous. In 7 of 14 such pairs of experiments, the curve of glucose concentration versus time was significantly lower for the intracarotid experiment and in the other seven cases there was no significant difference between the two curves. These results suggest that the brain responds to the increased concentration of glucose of its environment and by some mechanism acts to return it toward normal. Experiments were done in the same way with 2-deoxy-d-glucose, a substance which produces a cellular glucopenia. Of seven pairs of experiments, the systemic blood glucose curve was markedly higher in intracarotid infusion in three cases, moderately higher in two cases, and not significantly different in two cases from the curve for the intravenous infusion. These results suggest that the brain responds to decreased availability of glucose and acts, by way of the sympathetic nervous system, to raise the blood glucose concentration.

Cardio-respiratory and biochemical responses of military training event at Jungle environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Angad Yadav ◽  
Tirthankar Chatterjee ◽  
Debojyoti Bhattacharyya ◽  
Somnath Singh ◽  
Madhusudan Pal
Keyword(s):  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Training Event ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Exercise Induced

Background: In military environment, soldiers regularly practice or undergo different types of extreme training activities. However, globally the literatures available on the physiological and biochemical demand of different extreme military training activities are very scanty and less reported. Aims and Objective: The present study was undertaken to quantify the cardio-respiratory and biochemical responses of military training event in jungle environment. Materials and Methods: Mathew’s Mad Mile (MMM) activity is a type of specialized run of 1.5 mile in jungle environment. This training activity was conducted on rugged jungle terrain comprised of undulated uphill, downhill, muddy surface. Twenty-five SHAPE-1 healthy soldiers were volunteered into training event. Cardiorespiratory data was recorded continuously throughout the event and venous blood sample was drawn before and immediately after completion of the event. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: There was no significant difference observed in heart rate and breathing rate while core body temperature was significantly (p = 0.02) higher in slow finisher as compared to fast finisher. In fast finisher, post exercise level of BDNF, BNP, SDH, cortisol and UCP1 increased significantly (p<0.05), whereas, BHB (p<0.01) decreased significantly in comparison to pre-exercise. In slow finishers, post exercise level of cortisol, KYNA and UCP1 increased significantly (p<0.05), whereas, BDNF, BNP and SDH decreased significantly (p<0.05), in comparison to pre-exercise. Conclusion: The outcome of this study indicated that the slow finishers were more susceptible to risk of injury due to higher exercise induced thermogenesis and mental stress in comparison to fast finisher.

Effect of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on antral, pyloric and duodenal motility in fasting subjects

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fraser ◽  
J. Fuller ◽  
M. Horowitz ◽  
J. Dent
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Migrating Motor Complex ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Complex ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Interdigestive Migrating Motor Complex ◽  
Pyloric Motility

1. Hyperglycaemia alters gastric motility and delays gastric emptying. By contrast, there is little information regarding the effect of sub-normal blood glucose concentrations on gastric and, in particular, pyloric motility, although limited data suggest that hypoglycaemia is associated with accelerated gastric emptying despite an apparently increased basal pyloric pressure. 2. To determine the effects of hypoglycaemia on pyloric motility, we compared the effects of an intravenous injection of insulin (0.15 units/kg) with those of a placebo injection of saline in eight healthy human volunteers during phase I of the interdigestive migrating motor complex. 3. All subjects developed profound hypoglycaemia (mean blood glucose concentration 1.6 mmol/l compared with 4.0 mmol/l in the control group). 4. There was no significant difference in the number of antral (9 versus 7, P = 0.34), pyloric (3 versus 0, P = 0.31) or duodenal (21 versus 13, P = 0.42) pressure waves or in the basal pyloric pressure (0.3 mmHg versus 0.1 mmHg, P = 0.37) in the 45 min after insulin injection (hypoglycaemia) when compared with the 45 min after saline injection (euglycaemia). In both the euglycaemic and hypoglycaemic studies there was a time-dependent increase in the numbers of antral and duodenal waves consistent with the expected changes in the interdigestive migrating motor complex. 5. These results indicate that insulin-induced hypoglycaemia has no significant effect on pyloric motility during phase I of the interdigestive migrating motor complex.

scholarly journals Effects of cholecystokinin on appetite and pyloric motility during physiological hyperglycemia

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (1) ◽  
pp. G98-G104 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Rayner ◽  
H. S. Park ◽  
S. M. Doran ◽  
I. M. Chapman ◽  
M. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Pyloric Motility ◽  
Food Consumed

Recent studies suggest that the interaction between small intestinal nutrient stimulation and the blood glucose concentration is important in the regulation of gastric motility and appetite. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on antropyloric motility and appetite are influenced by changes in the blood glucose concentration within the normal postprandial range. Seven healthy volunteers were studied on 4 separate days. A catheter incorporating a sleeve sensor was positioned across the pylorus, and the blood glucose was stabilized at either 4 mmol/l (2 days) or 8 mmol/l (2 days). After the desired blood glucose had been maintained for 90 min, an intravenous infusion of either CCK-8 (2 ng ⋅ kg− 1 ⋅ min− 1) or saline (control) was given for 60 min. Thirty minutes after the infusion began, the catheter was removed and subjects drank 400 ml of water with guar gum before being offered a buffet meal. The amount of food consumed (kcal) was quantified. The order of the studies was randomized and single-blinded. There were fewer antral waves at a blood glucose of 8 than at 4 mmol/l during the 90-min period before the infusions ( P < 0.05) and during the first 30 min of CCK-8 or saline infusion ( P = 0.07). CCK-8 suppressed antral waves ( P < 0.05), stimulated isolated pyloric pressure waves (IPPWs) ( P < 0.01), and increased basal pyloric pressure ( P < 0.005) compared with control. During administration of CCK-8, basal pyloric pressure ( P < 0.01), but not the number of IPPWs, was greater at a blood glucose of 8 mmol/l than at 4 mmol/l. CCK-8 suppressed the energy intake at the buffet meal ( P < 0.01), with no significant difference between the two blood glucose concentrations. We conclude that the acute effect of exogenous CCK-8 on basal pyloric pressure, but not appetite, is modulated by physiological changes in the blood glucose concentration.

scholarly journals Effect of Exercise Duration on Postprandial Glycaemic and Insulinaemic Responses in Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 754
Author(s):  
Karah J. Dring ◽  
Simon B. Cooper ◽  
Ryan A. Williams ◽  
John G. Morris ◽  
Caroline Sunderland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test

High-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) is a potential intervention to manage hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum duration of HIIE to reduce postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in adolescents and the longevity of the response. Thirty-nine participants (12.4 ± 0.4 year) completed a 30- and 60-min exercise trial (Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test) and a rested control trial in a randomised crossover design. Capillary blood samples were taken at baseline, immediately and 1-h post-exercise; and 30, 60 and 120 min following a standardised lunch (day one) and a standardised breakfast 24-h post-exercise. Plasma insulin total area under the curve (tAUC) following lunch was lower following 60-min HIIE (21,754 ± 16,861 pmol·L−1 × 120 min, p = 0.032) and tended to be lower following 30-min HIIE (24,273 ± 16,131 pmol·L−1 × 120 min, p = 0.080), when compared with the resting condition (26,931 ± 21,634 pmol·L−1 × 120 min). Blood glucose concentration was lower 1-h post-exercise following 30-min HIIE (3.6 ± 0.6 mmol·L−1) when compared to resting (4.1 ± 0.9 mmol·L−1, p = 0.001). Blood glucose and plasma insulin concentration did not differ across trials on day two. Shorter bouts of HIIE (30-min), as well as a 60-min bout, reduced the postprandial insulinaemic response to lunch, an ecologically valid marker of insulin sensitivity. As the beneficial effects of HIIE were limited to 3 h post-exercise, adolescents are recommended to engage daily HIIE to enhance metabolic health.

Breaking the Myth That Relay Swimming Is Faster Than Individual Swimming

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Skorski ◽  
Naroa Etxebarria ◽  
Kevin G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Performance Times ◽  
Race Performance ◽  
Split Time ◽  
Relay Race

Purpose:To investigate if swimming performance is better in a relay race than in the corresponding individual race.Methods:The authors analyzed 166 elite male swimmers from 15 nations in the same competition (downloaded from www.swimrankings.net). Of 778 observed races, 144 were Olympic Games performances (2000, 2004, 2012), with the remaining 634 performed in national or international competitions. The races were 100-m (n = 436) and 200-m (n = 342) freestyle events. Relay performance times for the 2nd–4th swimmers were adjusted (+ 0.73 s) to allow for the “flying start.”Results:Without any adjustment, mean individual relay performances were significantly faster for the first 50 m and overall time in the 100-m events. Furthermore, the first 100 m of the 200-m relay was significantly faster (P > .001). During relays, swimmers competing in 1st position did not show any difference compared with their corresponding individual performance (P > .16). However, swimmers competing in 2nd–4th relay-team positions demonstrated significantly faster times in the 100-m (P < .001) and first half of the 200-m relays than in their individual events (P < .001, ES: 0.28–1.77). However, when finishing times for 2nd–4th relay team positions were adjusted for the flying start no differences were detected between relay and individual race performance for any event or split time (P > .17).Conclusion:Highly trained swimmers do not swim (or turn) faster in relay events than in their individual races. Relay exchange times account for the difference observed in individual vs relay performance.

Blood Glucose and Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Infants of Diabetic Mothers

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Gyula Soltész ◽  
Károly Schultz ◽  
Julius Mestyán ◽  
Imre Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Infants Of Diabetic Mothers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Postnatal blood glucose and individual plasma free amino acid levels were measured in 14 newborn infants of diabetic mothers. All infants had a significantly lower blood glucose concentration than normal controls but no significant correlation was observed between the blood glucose values and any of the amino acids determined. As regards the quantitative and qualitative changes of the plasma aminogram, the total concentration of amino acids and the level of a few individual amino acids (glycine, alanine, taurine, and valine) were significantly elevated in full-term babies. However, no significant difference was found in the total plasma concentration of amino acids between premature infants of diabetic mothers and premature control infants, but the plasma alanine level was higher in the former. It is of interest that total plasma amino acid, alanine, and glycine levels were elevated in the asphyxiated babies. This suggests that the postnatal hyperaminoacidemia observed in infants of diabetic mothers was due to birth asphyxia rather than to impaired gluconeogenesis. The possible role of a defective gluconeogenesis in the etiology of postnatal hypoglycemia in infants of diabetic mothers is not supported by these data.

Influence of administration of 1 % glucose solution on neonatal blood glucose concentration in cesarean section

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Yatabe ◽  
Hiroki Tateiwa ◽  
Nobuo Ikenoue ◽  
Sonoe Kitamura ◽  
Koichi Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Neonatal Blood

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Some Medicinal Plants:Anacardium occidentale, Eucalyptus globulus, Psidium guajava,andXylopia aethiopicaExtracts in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Albino Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Eshu Okpashi ◽  
Bayim Peter-Robins Bayim ◽  
Margaret Obi-Abang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic Agents ◽  
Significant Difference

Insulin therapy and oral antidiabetic agents/drugs used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus have not sufficiently proven to control hyperlipidemia, which is commonly associated with the diabetes mellitus. Again the hopes that traditional medicine and natural plants seem to trigger researchers in this area is yet to be discovered. This research was designed to compare the biochemical effects of some medicinal plants in alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats using named plants that are best at lowering blood glucose and hyperlipidemia and ameliorating other complications of diabetes mellitus by methods of combined therapy. The results obtained showed 82% decrease in blood glucose concentration after the 10th hour to the fortieth hour. There was significant increaseP<0.05in the superoxide dismutase activity of the test group administered 100 mg/kg ofA. Occidentale. There was no significant differenceP>0.05recorded in the glutathione peroxidase activity ofE. globulus(100 mg/kg) when compared to the test groups ofP. guajava(250 mg/kg) andX. aethiopica(250 mg/kg). Catalase activity showed significant increaseP<0.05in the catalase activity, compared to test groups. While atP>0.05, there was no significant difference seen between test group and treated groups. Meanwhile, degree of significance was observed in other parameters analysed. The biochemical analysis conducted in this study showed positive result, attesting to facts from previous works. Though these individual plants extracts exhibited significant increase in amelorating diabetes complication and blood glucose control compared to glibenclamide, a synthetic antidiabetic drug. Greater performance was observed in the synergy groups. Therefore, a poly/combined formulation of these plants extracts yielded significant result as well as resolving some other complications associated with diabetics.

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