Effect of Caffeine on Quadriceps Muscle Pain during Acute Cycling Exercise in Low versus High Caffeine Consumers

This experiment examined the effect of a moderate dose of caffeine on quadriceps muscle pain during a bout of high-intensity cycling in low- versus high-caffeine-consuming males. College-age men who were low (≤100 mg/day; n = 12) or high (≥400 mg/day; n = 13) habitual caffeine consumers ingested caffeine (5 mg/kg body weight) or a placebo in a counterbalanced order and 1 hr later completed 30 min of cycle ergometry at 75–77% of peak oxygen consumption. Perceptions of quadriceps muscle pain, as well as oxygen consumption, heart rate, and work rate, were recorded during both bouts of exercise. Caffeine ingestion resulted in a statistically significant and moderate reduction in quadriceps muscle-pain-intensity ratings during the 30-min bout of high-intensity cycle ergometry compared with placebo ingestion in both low (d = −0.42) and high (d = −0.55) caffeine consumers. The results suggest that caffeine ingestion is associated with a moderate hypoalgesic effect during high-intensity cycling in college-age men who are low or high habitual caffeine consumers, but future work should consider better defining and differentiating pain and effort when examining the effects of caffeine during acute exercise.

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Effect of Caffeine on Leg-Muscle Pain during Intense Cycling Exercise: Possible Role of Anxiety Sensitivity

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.18.2.103 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 103-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Rachael C. Gliottoni ◽

Robert W. Motl

Keyword(s):

Pain Intensity ◽

Anxiety Sensitivity ◽

High Intensity ◽

Muscle Pain ◽

Caffeine Ingestion ◽

Cycling Exercise ◽

College Age ◽

Peak Aerobic Capacity ◽

Leg Muscle

This experiment examined the effect of a moderate dose of caffeine on perceptions of leg-muscle pain during a bout of high-intensity cycling exercise and the role of anxiety sensitivity in the hypoalgesic effect of caffeine on muscle pain during exercise. Sixteen college-age women ingested caffeine (5 mg/kg body weight) or a placebo and 1 hr later completed 30 min of cycling on an ergometer at 80% of peak aerobic capacity. The conditions were completed in a counterbalanced order, and perceptions of leg-muscle pain were recorded during the bouts of exercise. Caffeine resulted in a large reduction in leg-muscle pain-intensity ratings compared with placebo (d = −0.95), and the reduction in leg-muscle pain-intensity ratings was larger in those with lower anxiety-sensitivity scores than those with higher anxiety-sensitivity scores (d = −1.28 based on a difference in difference scores). The results support that caffeine ingestion has a large effect on reducing leg-muscle pain during high-intensity exercise, and the effect is moderated by anxiety sensitivity.

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Training Effects on ROS Production Determined by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Master Swimmers

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2015/804794 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Simona Mrakic-Sposta ◽

Maristella Gussoni ◽

Simone Porcelli ◽

Lorenzo Pugliese ◽

Gaspare Pavei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽

Strenuous Exercise ◽

Ros Production ◽

Paramagnetic Resonance ◽

Ergometer Exercise ◽

Electron Paramagnetic

Acute exercise induces an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production dependent on exercise intensity with highest ROS amount generated by strenuous exercise. However, chronic repetition of exercise, that is, exercise training, may reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 6-weeks high-intensity discontinuous training (HIDT), characterized by repeated variations of intensity and changes of redox potential, on ROS production and antioxidant capacity in sixteen master swimmers. Time course changes of ROS generation were assessed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in capillary blood by a microinvasive approach. An incremental arm-ergometer exercise (IE) until exhaustion was carried out at both before (PRE) and after (POST) training (Trg) period. A significant (P<0.01) increase of ROS production from REST to the END of IE in PRE Trg (2.82±0.66versus3.28±0.66 µmol·min−1) was observed. HIDT increased peak oxygen consumption (36.1±4.3versus40.6±5.7 mL·kg−1·min−1PRE and POST Trg, resp.) and the antioxidant capacity (+13%) while it significantly decreased the ROS production both at REST (−20%) and after IE (−25%). The observed link between ROS production, adaptive antioxidant defense mechanisms, and peak oxygen consumption provides new insight into the correlation between ROS response pathways and muscle metabolic function.

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Reversal of muscle fatigue during 16 h of heavy intermittent cycle exercise

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00565.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 97 (6) ◽

pp. 2166-2175 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

H. J. Green ◽

T. A. Duhamel ◽

S. Ferth ◽

G. P. Holloway ◽

M. M. Thomas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Muscle Fatigue ◽

Intermittent Exercise ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Quadriceps Muscle ◽

Stimulation Frequency ◽

Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽

Force Frequency ◽

Reduction In Force ◽

Before And After

This study examined the effects of extended sessions of heavy intermittent exercise on quadriceps muscle fatigue and weakness. Twelve untrained volunteers (10 men and 2 women), with a peak oxygen consumption of 44.3 ± 2.3 ml·kg−1·min−1, exercised at ∼91% peak oxygen consumption for 6 min once per hour for 16 h. Muscle isometric properties assessed before and after selected repetitions (R1, R2, R4, R7, R12, and R15) were used to quantitate fatigue (before vs. after repetitions) and weakness (before vs. before repetitions). Muscle fatigue at R1 was indicated by reductions ( P < 0.05) in peak twitch force (135 ± 13 vs. 106 ± 11 N) and by a reduction ( P < 0.05) in the force-frequency response, which ranged between ∼53% at 10 Hz (113 ± 12 vs. 52.6 ± 7.4 N) and ∼17% at 50 Hz (324 ± 27 vs. 270 ± 30 N). No recovery of force, regardless of stimulation frequency, was observed during the 54 min between R1 and R2. At R2 and for all subsequent repetitions, no reduction in force, regardless of stimulation frequency, was generally found after the exercise. The only exception was for R2, where, at 20 Hz, force was reduced ( P < 0.05) by 18%. At R15, force before repetitions for high frequencies (i.e., 100 Hz) returned to R1 (333 ± 29 vs. 324 ± 27 N), whereas force at low frequency (i.e., 10 Hz) was only partially ( P < 0.05) recovered (113 ± 12 vs. 70 ± 6.6 N). It is concluded that multiple sessions of heavy exercise can reverse the fatigue noted early and reduce or eliminate weakness depending on the frequency of stimulation.

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High-intensity interval exercise induces greater acute changes in sleep, appetite-related hormones, and free-living energy intake than does moderate-intensity continuous exercise

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2018-0503 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 557-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Penelope Larsen ◽

Frank Marino ◽

Kerri Melehan ◽

Kym J. Guelfi ◽

Rob Duffield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Energy Intake ◽

High Intensity ◽

Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Sleep Stages ◽

Acylated Ghrelin ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

Continuous Exercise ◽

High Intensity Interval

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on sleep characteristics, appetite-related hormones, and eating behaviour. Eleven overweight, inactive men completed 2 consecutive nights of sleep assessments to determine baseline (BASE) sleep stages and arousals recorded by polysomnography (PSG). On separate afternoons (1400–1600 h), participants completed a 30-min exercise bout: either (i) MICE (60% peak oxygen consumption) or (ii) HIIE (60 s of work at 100% peak oxygen consumption: 240 s of rest at 50% peak oxygen consumption), in a randomised order. Measures included appetite-related hormones (acylated ghrelin, leptin, and peptide tyrosine tyrosine) and glucose before exercise, 30 min after exercise, and the next morning after exercise; PSG sleep stages; and actigraphy (sleep quantity and quality); in addition, self-reported sleep and food diaries were recorded until 48 h after exercise. There were no between-trial differences for time in bed (p = 0.19) or total sleep time (p = 0.99). After HIIE, stage N3 sleep was greater (21% ± 7%) compared with BASE (18% ± 7%; p = 0.02). In addition, the number of arousals during rapid eye movement sleep were lower after HIIE (7 ± 5) compared with BASE (11 ± 7; p = 0.05). Wake after sleep onset was lower following MICE (41 min) compared with BASE (56 min; p = 0.02). Acylated ghrelin was lower and glucose was higher at 30 min after HIIE when compared with MICE (p ≤ 0.05). There were no significant differences between conditions in terms of total energy intake (p ≥ 0.05). HIIE appears to be more beneficial than MICE for improving sleep quality and inducing favourable transient changes in appetite-related hormones in overweight, inactive men. However, energy intake was not altered regardless of exercise intensity.

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High-intensity interval training in people with Parkinson’s disease: a randomized, controlled feasibility trial

Clinical Rehabilitation ◽

10.1177/0269215518815221 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 428-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Marguerite Harvey ◽

Kathryn L Weston ◽

William K Gray ◽

Ailish O’Callaghan ◽

Lloyd L Oates ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

High Intensity ◽

Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽

Feasibility Trial ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

High Intensity Interval

Objectives: To investigate whether people with Parkinson’s disease can exercise at a high-intensity across a 12-week intervention and to assess the impact of the intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness. Design: This is a randomized, controlled, feasibility study with waiting list control. Assessors were blinded to group allocation. Setting: The intervention took place at an exercise centre and assessments at a district general hospital. Subjects: This study included 20 people with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Intervention: A total of 36 exercise sessions over 12 weeks, with each session lasting ~45 minutes, were conducted. Main measures: The main measures were maximal heart rates achieved during exercise, recruitment rate, attendance, drop-out, change in peak oxygen consumption, cardiac output, cognitive function and quality of life. The study was considered technically feasible if participants achieved ⩾85% of maximal heart rate during exercise. Results: There were 12 male and 8 female participants; they had a mean age of 68.5 years (standard deviation 6.825). Two participants were of Hoehn and Yahr stage I, 11 stage II and 7 stage III. In all, 17 participants completed the intervention. The median (interquartile range) proportion of repetitions delivered across the intervention which met our high-intensity criterion was 80% (67% to 84%). Mean peak heart rate was 88.8% of maximal. Peak oxygen consumption increased by 2.8 mL kg−1 min−1 in the intervention group and 1.5 mL kg−1 min−1 in the control group after 12 weeks of exercise. We estimate that a fully powered randomized controlled trial would require 30 participants per group. Conclusion: High-intensity interval exercise is feasible in people with Parkinson’s disease. Improvements in cardiorespiratory function are promising.

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The acute physiological and perceptual effects of recovery interval intensity during cycling-based high-intensity interval training

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-020-04535-x ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher R. J. Fennell ◽

James G. Hopker

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

High Intensity ◽

Lactate Threshold ◽

Interval Training ◽

Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Active Recovery ◽

Recovery Interval ◽

High Intensity Interval

Abstract Purpose The current study sought to investigate the role of recovery intensity on the physiological and perceptual responses during cycling-based aerobic high-intensity interval training. Methods Fourteen well-trained cyclists ($$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{{\text{2peak}}}}$$ V ˙ O 2peak : 62 ± 9 mL kg−1 min−1) completed seven laboratory visits. At visit 1, the participants’ peak oxygen consumption ($$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{{\text{2peak}}}}$$ V ˙ O 2peak ) and lactate thresholds were determined. At visits 2–7, participants completed either a 6 × 4 min or 3 × 8 min high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol with one of three recovery intensity prescriptions: passive (PA) recovery, active recovery at 80% of lactate threshold (80A) or active recovery at 110% of lactate threshold (110A). Results The time spent at > 80%, > 90% and > 95% of maximal minute power during the work intervals was significantly increased with PA recovery, when compared to both 80A and 110A, during both HIIT protocols (all P ≤ 0.001). However, recovery intensity had no effect on the time spent at > 90% $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{{\text{2peak}}}}$$ V ˙ O 2peak (P = 0.11) or > 95% $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{{\text{2peak}}}}$$ V ˙ O 2peak (P = 0.50) during the work intervals of both HIIT protocols. Session RPE was significantly higher following the 110A recovery, when compared to the PA and 80A recovery during both HIIT protocols (P < 0.001). Conclusion Passive recovery facilitates a higher work interval PO and similar internal stress for a lower sRPE when compared to active recovery and therefore may be the efficacious recovery intensity prescription.

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QUADRICEPS MUSCLE PAIN RESPONSES TO MAX AND SUBMAX CYCLE ERGOMETRY IN NORMOTENSIVE, BLACK WOMEN WITH OR WITHOUT A PARENTAL HISTORY OF HYPERTENSION

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-200105001-01727 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. S306

Author(s):

E M. Jackson ◽

D B. Cook ◽

P J. O??Connor ◽

R K. Dishman

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Muscle Pain ◽

Quadriceps Muscle ◽

Cycle Ergometry ◽

Parental History ◽

History Of ◽

Pain Responses

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Substantial working muscle glycerol turnover during two-legged cycle ergometry

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00099.2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 293 (4) ◽

pp. E950-E957 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gareth A. Wallis ◽

Anne L. Friedlander ◽

Kevin A. Jacobs ◽

Michael A. Horning ◽

Jill A. Fattor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Cycle Ergometry ◽

Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽

Glycerol Release ◽

Leg Muscle ◽

Glycerol Uptake ◽

Uptake And Release

We combined tracer and arteriovenous (a-v) balance techniques to evaluate the effects of exercise and endurance training on leg triacylglyceride turnover as assessed by glycerol exchange. Measurements on an exercising leg were taken to be a surrogate for working skeletal muscle. Eight men completed 9 wk of endurance training [5 days/wk, 1 h/day, 75% peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2peak)], with leg glycerol turnover determined during two pretraining trials [45 and 65% V̇o2peak (45% Pre and 65% Pre, respectively)] and two posttraining trials [65% of pretraining V̇o2peak (ABT) and 65% of posttraining V̇o2peak (RLT)] using [2H5]glycerol infusion, femoral a-v sampling, and measurement of leg blood flow. Endurance training increased V̇o2peak by 15% (45.2 ± 1.2 to 52.0 ± 1.8 ml·kg−1·min−1, P < 0.05). At rest, there was tracer-measured leg glycerol uptake (41 ± 8 and 52 ± 15 μmol/min for pre- and posttraining, respectively) even in the presence of small, but significant, net leg glycerol release (−68 ± 19 and −50 ± 13 μmol/min, respectively; P < 0.05 vs. zero). Furthermore, while there was no significant net leg glycerol exchange during any of the exercise bouts, there was substantial tracer-measured leg glycerol turnover during exercise (i.e., simultaneous leg muscle uptake and leg release) (uptake, release: 45% Pre, 194 ± 41, 214 ± 33; 65% Pre, 217 ± 79, 201 ± 84; ABT, 275 ± 76, 312 ± 87; RLT, 282 ± 83, 424 ± 75 μmol/min; all P < 0.05 vs. corresponding rest). Leg glycerol turnover was unaffected by exercise intensity or endurance training. In summary, simultaneous leg glycerol uptake and release (indicative of leg triacylglyceride turnover) occurs despite small or negligible net leg glycerol exchange, and furthermore, leg glycerol turnover can be substantially augmented during exercise.

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