Lifestyle Modification Decreases Arterial Stiffness in Overweight and Obese Men: Dietary Modification vs. Exercise Training

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Maeda ◽  
Asako Zempo-Miyaki ◽  
Hiroyuki Sasai ◽  
Takehiko Tsujimoto ◽  
Rina So ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Exercise Training Program ◽  
Before And After

Obesity and increased arterial stiffness are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Arterial stiffness is increased in obese individuals than in age-matched nonobese individuals. We demonstrated that dietary modification and exercise training are effective in reducing arterial stiffness in obese persons. However, the differences in the effect on arterial stiffness between dietary modification and exercise training are unknown. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effect of dietary modification and aerobic exercise training on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in overweight and obese persons. Forty-five overweight and obese men (48 ± 1 year) completed either a dietary modification (well-balanced nutrient, 1680 kcal/day) or an exercise-training program (walking, 40–60 min/day, 3 days/week) for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, all participants underwent anthropometric measurements. Arterial stiffness was measured based on carotid arterial compliance, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and endothelial function was determined by circulating level of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide metabolite (nitrites/nitrate as metabolite: NOx). Body mass and waist circumference significantly decreased after both intervention programs. Weight loss was greater after dietary modification than after exercise training (-10.1 ± 0.6 kg vs. -3.6 ± 0.5 kg, p < .01). Although arterial stiffness and the plasma levels of ET-1 and NOx were improved after dietary modification or exercise training, there were no differences in those improvements between the 2 types of interventions. Exercise training improves arterial function in obese men without as much weight loss as after dietary modification.

Retrograde shear rate in formerly preeclamptic and healthy women before and after exercise training: relationship with endothelial function

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (3) ◽  
pp. H418-H425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph R. Scholten ◽  
Marc E. A. Spaanderman ◽  
Daniel J. Green ◽  
Maria T. E. Hopman ◽  
Dick H. J. Thijssen
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retrograde Shear

Blood flow patterns in conduit arteries characterized by high levels of retrograde shear stress can be detrimental for vascular health. In this study we examined whether retrograde shear rate and endothelial function are related in healthy and formerly preeclamptic (PE) women and whether this relationship is altered by exercise training. Formerly PE women (32 ± 4 yr, n = 20) and controls (32 ± 4 yr, n = 20), all 6–12 mo postpartum, performed 12-wk aerobic exercise training. We measured brachial artery shear rate (SR) and endothelial function by flow-mediated dilation (FMD, echo-Doppler). We additionally performed power spectral analysis of heart rate variability and calculated low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio. Antegrade SR was not different between groups, while retrograde SR was significantly higher and FMD% lower in PE women compared with controls (both P < 0.05). Retrograde shear correlated strongly with FMD% in PE women and controls ( P < 0.05). LF/HF ratio inversely correlated with brachial artery retrograde SR and FMD% (both P < 0.05) in PE women and controls. Exercise training reduced retrograde shear, improved FMD%, and reduced LF/HF ratios similarly in both groups (all P < 0.05). Training-induced changes in retrograde SR correlated with changes in FMD% and LF/HF ratio. A higher brachial artery retrograde SR relates to lower brachial artery endothelial function, in both controls and formerly PE women. Exercise training improves retrograde SR, while the magnitude of this change correlated strongly with improvements in FMD and reductions in LF/HF ratio. Therefore, the impact of PE and exercise training on endothelial health may, at least partly, be related to retrograde shear rate.

Effect of Moderate Aerobic Exercise Training on Endothelial Function and Arterial Stiffness in CKD Stages 3-4: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaryllis H. Van Craenenbroeck ◽  
Emeline M. Van Craenenbroeck ◽  
Katrijn Van Ackeren ◽  
Christiaan J. Vrints ◽  
Viviane M. Conraads ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Pentraxin 3 increases in adult overweight and obese men after weight loss by dietary modification with exercise training

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asako Zempo-Miyaki ◽  
Hiroshi Kumagai ◽  
Toru Yoshikawa ◽  
Kanae Myoenzono ◽  
Rina So ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Pentraxin 3 ◽  
Habitual Exercise ◽  
Circulatory Level ◽  
Group D

The circulatory level of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), an anti-inflammatory cardioprotective protein, has been shown to be lower in obese individuals than in those with normal weight. However, reports on the effects of different weight-loss methods on PTX3 are limited. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of weight loss on circulating PTX3 levels in overweight and obese men and to examine the combined effect of dietary modification and exercise training on PTX3 levels. Forty-eight overweight and obese men were assigned to 2 groups: dietary modification (group D) or exercise training and dietary modification (group DE). Groups D and DE were composed of 27 and 21 participants, respectively. We observed a significant independent relationship between changes in PTX3 and body mass index (BMI) in all participants (β = −0.617, p < 0.01). Subsequently, we compared the effects of the 2 weight-loss methods on plasma PTX3 in groups D and DE. The magnitude of the increase in plasma PTX3 levels was similar in the 2 groups. Interestingly, we observed that PTX3 levels in group DE increased significantly more than those in group D in subjects who achieved normal weight, based on BMI, after interventions. Our study suggested that weight reduction after lifestyle modification significantly increased PTX3 levels in overweight and obese men, and the addition of habitual exercise to dietary modification enhanced the magnitude of the increase in PTX3 levels in obese individuals achieving normal weight after weight loss.

Abstract P525: The Effect of Weight Loss Combined With Aerobic Exercise Training on Arterial Stiffness: Results From the PREVAIL Pilot Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon L Swift ◽  
Joshua E McGee ◽  
Marie C Clunan ◽  
Anna C Huff ◽  
Briceida G Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training

Objective: The OPTIFAST diet has known effects for weight loss, but little data exists on the effects of the diet on arterial stiffness. Methods: Overweight and obese (BMI: 34.5 + 4.0) adults (N=17) participated in a 10-week OPTIFAST™ weight loss program and supervised aerobic exercise training (50%-75% VO 2 max). The diet consisted of OPTIFAST meal replacement products with a goal of reducing total caloric intake to 800 kcals/day and attending a weekly weight management class. Aerobic exercise was performed 3 times per week and the exercise volume was progressed from 300 to 700 MET mins. per week at an intensity of 50%-75% VO2 max. The goal of study participants was to achieve a 7% weight loss. Carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity, blood pressure (aortic and brachial), vascular age, augmentation index and blood samples were measured in the morning after an overnight fast at baseline and follow-up. A paired t-test was performed to evaluate the change in outcomes variables. Results: The mean percent weight loss in the sample was 9.0% (-8.5 kg), with 83.3% of participants achieving 7% weight loss (94.1% achieving ≥5%). The adherence to the exercise program was 94.9% and attendance in the weight loss classes was 81.8%. There was a reduction in pulse wave velocity (-0.44 m/s, p=0.030), aortic systolic blood pressure (-10.5 mmHg, p<0.001), aortic diastolic blood pressure (-7.8 mmHg, p<0.001), brachial systolic blood pressure (-11.2 mmHg , p<0.001), brachial diastolic blood pressure (-7.7 mmHg, p<0.001), vascular age (-13.4 yrs., p=0.008), resting heart rate (-4.7 bpm, p=0.005), and augmentation index (-7.5%, p=0.008) after the intervention. Change in resting heart rate from the intervention was associated with improvements in augmentation index (r=0.60, p=0.010) and approached significance for pulse wave velocity (r=0.45, p=0.07). Weight loss was associated with reduction in augmentation index (r= 0.56, p=0.02), but not change in PWV (r=-0.07, p=0.78). Changes in other cardiometabolic risk factors (e.g. glucose, insulin, lipids, and body fat) were not associated with improvements in arterial stiffness or blood pressure measures (all ps>0.05). Discussion: A hypo-caloric dietary program in combination with aerobic exercise training improves arterial stiffness, aortic blood pressure, and brachial blood pressure in overweight and obese adults An important limitation of the present study is that we cannot separate the health benefits of the diet from the exercise.

Carotid Arterial Compliance and Aerobic Exercise Training in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsubasa Tomoto ◽  
Tran Le ◽  
Takashi Tarumi ◽  
Marisara Dieppa ◽  
Kathleen Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Carotid Arterial

Prenatal exercise and cardiovascular health (PEACH) study: The remote effect of aerobic exercise training on conduit artery and resistance vessel function.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhbeer Singh Boparai ◽  
Rachel J Skow ◽  
Sauleha Farooq ◽  
Craig D Steinback ◽  
Margie H Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention

We assessed the impact of a structured lower-limb aerobic exercise training intervention during pregnancy on brachial artery endothelial function, shear rate and patterns, and forearm blood flow and reactive hyperemia. Twenty-seven pregnant women were recruited and randomized into either a control group (n=11; 31.0 ± 0.7 years), or an exercise intervention group (n=16; 32.6 ± 0.9 years; NCT02948439). The exercise group completed 40 minutes of aerobic exercise (50-70% heart rate reserve) 3-4 times per week, between the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD, normalized for shear stress) pre- (16-20 weeks) and post-intervention (34-36 weeks). The exercise training group experienced an attenuated increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) relative to the control group (∆MAP exercise: +2± 2 mmHg vs. control: +7±3 mmHg; p=0.044) from pre- to post-intervention. % FMD change corrected for shear stress was not different between groups (p=0.460); however, the post occlusion mean flow rate (exercise: 437±32 mL/min vs. control: 364±35 mL/min; p=0.001) and post occlusion anterograde flow rate (exercise: 438±32 mL/min vs. control: 364±46 mL/min;p=0.001) were larger for the exercise training group compared to controls, post-intervention. Although endothelial function was not different between groups, we observed an increase in microcirculatory dilatory capacity, as suggested by the augmented reactive hyperemia in the exercise training group. Novelty: • Endothelial function was not altered with exercise training during pregnancy. • Exercise training did contribute to improved cardiovascular outcomes, which may have been associated with augmented reactive hyperaemia, indicative of increased microcirculatory dilatory capacity

62 Time course of improvement in secretory unbalance of asymmetric dimethylarginine and nitric oxide productions in response to exercise training in middle-aged and older adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fujie ◽  
N Hasegawa ◽  
K Sanada ◽  
T Hamaoka ◽  
S Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Plasma Adma ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (#17H02182, #16K13059, M. Iemitsu; #18J01024, S. Fujie) Introduction Aging is well known to elevate risks of cardiovascular diseases. As a mechanism of these increased risks with aging, a reduction of nitric oxide (NO) production via augmented secretion of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthesis is related. Habitual aerobic exercise has shown to improve secretory unbalance of endothelium-derived regulating factors with aging, such as increase in NO and decrease in ADMA, resulting in the reduction of arterial stiffness. However, the time course of improvement in secretory unbalance of NO and ADMA productions in response to exercise training in middle-aged and older adults remains unclear. Purpose This study aimed to determine the time course of changes in plasma nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and ADMA levels related to exercise-training effects of arterial stiffness in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Methods Thirty-two Japanese healthy middle-aged and older subjects (67 ± 1 years) were randomly divided into two groups: exercise intervention and sedentary controls. Subjects in the training group completed 8-week of aerobic exercise training (60-70% peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak] for 45 min, 3 days/week). We evaluated plasma NOx and ADMA concentrations and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) as an index of arterial stiffness, measured every 2 weeks for 8-week in the training group. Results cfPWV was gradually declined from baseline to 8-week and significantly decreased from baseline at weeks 6 (P &lt; 0.05) and 8 (P &lt; 0.01). Plasma NOx level was gradually elevated during exercise intervention and significantly increased from baseline at weeks 6 (P &lt; 0.05) and 8 (P &lt; 0.01). Interestingly, plasma ADMA level was significantly decreased at 8-week intervention (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the exercise training-induced reduction in plasma ADMA level was negatively correlated with the change in plasma NOx level before and after the 8-week (r = -0.483, P &lt; 0.05). The exercise training-induced change in plasma ADMA concentration was positively correlated with training-induced change in cfPWV before and after the 8-week (r = 0.633, P &lt; 0.01). Additionally, there was a negative correlation between the changes in plasma NOx level and cfPWV before and after the 8-week (r = -0.642, P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that habitual aerobic exercise can normalize the secretory unbalance of NO and ADMA productions in 6 to 8 weeks, and these balance normalizations may be contributed to the reduction of arterial stiffness in the middle-aged and older adults.

scholarly journals Effects of resveratrol or estradiol on postexercise endothelial function in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-747
Author(s):  
Cemal Ozemek ◽  
Kerry L. Hildreth ◽  
Patrick J. Blatchford ◽  
K. Joseph Hurt ◽  
Rachael Bok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Estradiol Treatment

Regular exercise enhances endothelial function in older men, but not consistently in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. Estradiol treatment improves basal endothelial function and restores improvements in endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation, FMD) to aerobic exercise training in postmenopausal women; however, estradiol treatment is controversial. Resveratrol, an estrogen receptor ligand, enhances exercise training effects on cardiovascular function and nitric oxide (NO) release in animal models, but impairs exercise training effects in men. We conducted a randomized cross-over, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study to determine whether acute (single dose) resveratrol (250-mg tablet) or estradiol (0.05 mg/day transdermal patch) treatment enhances FMD at rest and after a single bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in healthy estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women ( n = 15, 58.1 ± 3.2 yr). FMD was measured before and after (30, 60, and 120 min) a 40-min bout of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise (60–75% peak heart rate) under the respective conditions (separated by 1-2 wk). FMD was higher ( P < 0.05) before exercise and at all post-exercise time points in the resveratrol and estradiol conditions compared to placebo. FMD was increased from baseline by 120 min postexercise in the estradiol condition ( P < 0.001), but not resveratrol or PL conditions. Consistent with our previous findings, estradiol also enhances endothelial function in response to acute endurance exercise. Although resveratrol improved basal FMD, there was no apparent enhancement of FMD to acute exercise and, therefore, may not act as an estradiol mimetic. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The benefits of endurance exercise training on endothelial function are diminished in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, but estradiol treatment appears to restore improvements in endothelial function in this group. We show that basal endothelial function is enhanced with both acute estradiol and resveratrol treatments in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, but endothelial function is only enhanced following acute endurance exercise with estradiol treatment.

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