Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing on Upper Body Resistance Exercise Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Ben M. Krings ◽  
Brandon D. Shepherd ◽  
Hunter S. Waldman ◽  
Matthew J. McAllister ◽  
JohnEric W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mouth Rinsing ◽  
Repetitions To Failure

Carbohydrate mouth rinsing has been shown to enhance aerobic exercise performance, but there is limited research with resistance exercise (RE). Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of carbohydrate mouth rinsing during a high-volume upper body RE protocol on performance, heart rate responses, ratings of perceived exertion, and felt arousal. Recreationally experienced resistance-trained males (N = 17, age: 21 ± 1 years, height: 177.3 ± 5.2 cm, mass: 83.5 ± 9.3 kg) completed three experimental sessions, with the first serving as familiarization to the RE protocol. During the final two trials, the participants rinsed a 25-ml solution containing either a 6% carbohydrate solution or an artificially flavored placebo in a randomized, counterbalanced, and double-blinded fashion. The participants rinsed a total of nine times immediately before beginning the protocol and 20 s before repetitions to failure with the exercises bench press, bent-over row, incline bench press, close-grip row, hammer curls, skull crushers (all completed at 70% one-repetition maximum), push-ups, and pull-ups. Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, and felt arousal were measured at the baseline and immediately after each set of repetitions to failure. There were no differences for the total repetitions completed (carbohydrate = 203 ± 25 repetitions vs. placebo = 201 ± 23 repetitions, p = .46, Cohen’s d = 0.10). No treatment differences were observed for heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, or felt arousal (p > .05). Although carbohydrate mouth rinsing has been shown to be effective in increasing aerobic performance, the results from this investigation show no benefit in RE performance in resistance-trained males.

scholarly journals Effects of Preferred and Non-Preferred Warm-Up Music on Resistance Exercise Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Ballmann ◽  
Georgia D. Cook ◽  
Zachary T. Hester ◽  
Thomas J. Kopec ◽  
Tyler D. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Repetitions To Failure ◽  
Trial Participants ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of listening to preferred and non-preferred warm-up music on upper-body resistance exercise performance. Resistance-trained males (ages 18–24) participated in two separate bench press trials each with a different warm-up music condition: preferred warm-up music (PREF) or non-preferred warm-up music (NON-PREF). In each trial, participants listened to PREF or NON-PREF music during a standardized bench press warm-up. Following the warm-up, motivation to exercise was measured using a visual analog scale followed by two sets × repetitions to failure (RTF) at 75% of 1-RM separated by 1 min of rest. A linear position transducer was used to measure mean barbell velocity. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was obtained after each set. RTF, velocity, RPE, and motivation were analyzed. RTF were significantly higher during the PREF versus NON-PREF trail (p = 0.001) while mean barbell velocity remained unchanged (p = 0.777). RPE was not significantly different between PREF and NON-PREF trials (p = 0.735). Motivation to exercise was significantly higher during the PREF versus NON-PREF trial (p < 0.001). Findings show that listening to PREF music during a warm-up improves subsequent RTF performance during bench press exercise. However, barbell velocity was largely unaffected. While perceived exertion was similar between trials, motivation to exercise was markedly increased during the PREF warm-up music trial. These findings suggest that competitors listening to warm-up music before giving maximal effort during resistance exercise could optimize performance by ensuring self-selection of their own preferred music.

Carbohydrate mouth rinsing improves resistance training session performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 804-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana S Decimoni ◽  
Victor M Curty ◽  
Livia Almeida ◽  
Alexander J Koch ◽  
Jeffrey M Willardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

We investigated the effect of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on resistance exercise performance. Fifteen recreationally trained women (age 26 ± 4 y; height 1.61.9 ± 5.1 m; weight 59.5 ± 8.2 kg) completed two resistance exercise bouts consisting of three sets of five exercises (half-squat, leg press, bench press, military press, and seated row) to volitional fatigue with a 10 repetition-maximum load. Immediately prior to and during the middle of each exercise bout, subjects mouth rinsed for 10 s with 100 mL of either a 6% maltodextrin solution (CHO) or an artificially flavored solution (PLA) in a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced fashion. Heart rate and perceived exertion were compared between conditions using a 2 (conditions) × 15 (time points) repeated measures ANOVA. Significant main effects were further analyzed using pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni post hoc tests. Total volume (exercises * sets * repetitions * load) between sessions was compared with a Student’s t-test. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 level of confidence. The CHO resulted in more repetitions performed during half-squat, bench press, military press, and seated row, for a significantly greater (∼12%) total volume load lifted versus PLA ( p = 0.039, ES: 0.49). Rating of perceived exertion was also significantly lower in the CHO versus PLA ( p = 0.020, ES: 0.28). These data indicate that CHO mouth rinsing can enhance high-volume resistance exercise performance and lower ratings of perceived exertion.

Effects Of Caffeine On Resistance Exercise Performance, Mood, Heart Rate, And Rating Of Perceived Exertion

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 443-444
Author(s):  
Edward Jo ◽  
Michael Martinez ◽  
Brown E. Lee ◽  
Jared W. Coburn ◽  
Biagini Matthew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion

scholarly journals Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Body Composition, Aerobic Performance and Lactate, Heart Rate and Perceptual Responses in Young Soccer Players

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alpay Güvenç
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Ramadan Fasting

Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Body Composition, Aerobic Performance and Lactate, Heart Rate and Perceptual Responses in Young Soccer PlayersThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Ramadan fasting on body composition, aerobic exercise performance and blood lactate, heart rate and perceived exertion in regularly trained young soccer players. Sixteen male soccer players participated in this study. Mean age, stature, body mass and training age of the players were 17.4±1.2 years, 175.4±3.6 cm, 69.6±4.3 kg and 5.1±1.3 years, respectively. During the Ramadan period, all subjects voluntarily chose to follow the fasting guidelines and abstained from eating and drinking from sunrise to sunset. Body composition, hydration status, dietary intake and sleep duration were assessed on four occasions: before Ramadan, at the beginning of Ramadan, at the end of Ramadan and 2 weeks after the end of Ramadan. On each occasion, aerobic exercise performance and blood lactate, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion responses of players were also determined during an incremental running test. Repeated measures of ANOVA revealed that body mass, percentage of body fat, fat-free mass, hydration status, daily sleeping time and daily energy and macronutrient intake of players did not vary significantly throughout the study period (p>0.05). However, players experienced a small but significant decrease in skinfold thicknesses over the course of the study (p<0.05). Although ratings of perceived exertion at submaximal workloads increased during Ramadan (p<0.05), blood lactate and heart rate responses had decreased by the end of Ramadan (p<0.05). In line with these changes, peak running performance and running velocity at anaerobic threshold also improved by the end of Ramadan (p<0.05). Improvements in aerobic exercise performance with time were probably due to the effects of pre-season training program that was performed after the break of the fast (Iftar) during the month of Ramadan. The results of the present study suggest that if regular training regimen, body fluid balance, daily energy intake and sleep duration are maintained as before Ramadan, Ramadan fasting does not have detrimental effects on aerobic exercise performance or body composition in young soccer players.

Opposition of Carbohydrate in a Mouth-Rinse Solution to the Detrimental Effect of Mouth Rinsing During Cycling Time Trials

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Gam ◽  
Kym J. Guelfi ◽  
Paul A. Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Time To Completion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mouth Rinsing ◽  
Cycling Time

Studies have reported that rinsing the mouth with a carbohydrate (CHO) solution improves cycling time-trial performance compared with rinsing with a placebo solution. However, no studies have compared the effect of mouth rinsing with a no-mouth-rinse control condition. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a CHO mouth rinse with those of a placebo rinse and a no-rinse condition. Ten male cyclists completed three 1,000-kJ cycling time trials in a randomized, counterbalanced order. At every 12.5% of the time trial completed, participants were required to rinse their mouths for 5 s with either a 6.4% maltodextrin solution (CHO), water (WA), or no solution (CON). Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded every 25% of the time trial completed. Time to completion was faster in both CHO (65.7 ± 11.07 min) and CON (67.6 ± 12.68 min) than in WA (69.4 ± 13.81 min; p = .013 and p = .042, respectively). The difference between CHO and CON approached significance (p = .086). There were no differences in heart rate or RPE between any conditions. In summary, repeated mouth rinsing with water results in decreased performance relative to not rinsing at all. Adding CHO to the rinse solution appears to oppose this fall in performance, possibly providing additional benefits to performance compared with not rinsing the mouth at all. This brings into question the magnitude of the effect of CHO mouth rinsing reported in previous studies that did not include a no-rinse condition.

The effect of minimal differences in the skin-to-air vapor pressure gradient at various dry-bulb temperatures on self-paced exercise performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity M. Bright ◽  
Brad Clark ◽  
Ollie Jay ◽  
Julien D. Periard
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vapor Pressure Gradient

The effects of dry-bulb temperature on self-paced exercise performance, along with thermal, cardiovascular and perceptual responses, were investigated by minimizing differences in the skin-to-air vapor pressure gradient (Psk,sat-Pa) between temperatures. Fourteen trained male cyclists performed 30-km time trials in 13˚C and 44% relative humidity (RH), 20˚C and 70% RH, 28˚C and 78% RH, and 36˚C and 72% RH. Power output was similar in 13˚C (275±31 W; mean and SD) and 20˚C (272±28 W; P=1.00), lower in 36˚C (228±36 W) than 13˚C, 20˚C and 28˚C (262±27 W; P<0.001) and lower in 28˚C than 13˚C and 20˚C (P<0.001). Peak rectal temperature was higher in 36˚C (39.6±0.4˚C) than all conditions (P<0.001) and higher in 28˚C (39.1±0.4˚C) than 13˚C (38.7±0.3˚C; P<0.001) and 20˚C (38.8˚C±0.3˚C; P<0.01). Heart rate was higher in 36˚C (163±14 beats·min-1) than all conditions (P<0.001) and higher in 20˚C (156±11 beats·min-1; P=0.009) and 28˚C (159±11 beats·min-1; P<0.001) than 13˚C (153±11 beats·min-1). Cardiac output was lower in 36˚C (16.8±2.5 l·min-1) than all conditions (P<0.001) and lower in 28˚C (18.6±1.6 l·min-1) than 20˚C (19.4±2.0 l·min-1; P=0.004). Ratings of perceived exertion were higher in 36˚C than all conditions (P<0.001) and higher in 28˚C than 20˚C (P<0.04). Self-paced exercise performance was maintained in 13˚C and 20˚C at a matched evaporative potential, impaired in 28˚C and further compromised in 36˚C in association with a moderately lower evaporative potential and marked elevations in thermal, cardiovascular and perceptual strain.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory, Metabolic and Perceived Responses to Electrical Stimulation of Upper‐Body Muscles While Performing Arm Cycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Christoph Zinner ◽  
Manuel Matzka ◽  
Sebastian Krumscheid ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg ◽  
Billy Sperlich
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Arm Cycling ◽  
Cross Country Skiing

Abstract This study was designed to assess systemic cardio-respiratory, metabolic and perceived responses to incremental arm cycling with concurrent electrical myostimulation (EMS). Eleven participants (24 ± 3 yrs; 182 ± 10 cm; 86 ± 16.8 kg) performed two incremental tests involving arm cycling until volitional exhaustion was reached with and without EMS of upper-body muscles. The peak power output was 10.1% lower during arm cycling with (128 ± 30 W) than without EMS (141 ± 25 W, p = 0.01; d = 0.47). In addition, the heart rate (2-9%), oxygen uptake (7-15%), blood lactate concentration (8-46%) and ratings of perceived exertion (4-14%) while performing submaximal arm cycling with EMS were all higher with than without EMS (all p < 0.05). Upon exhaustion, the heart rate, oxygen uptake, lactate concentration, and ratings of perceived exertion did not differ between the two conditions (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, arm cycling with EMS induced more pronounced cardio-respiratory, metabolic and perceived responses, especially during submaximal arm cycling. This form of exercise with stimulation might be beneficial for a variety of athletes competing in sports involving considerable generation of work by the upper body (e.g., kayaking, cross-country skiing, swimming, rowing and various parasports).

Psychophysical and physiological comparison of squat and semi-squat lifting by young males

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Leon Straker ◽  
Carol Cain
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lower Heart Rate ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Squat Lifting

A comparison between semi-squat and squat techniques was made for floor to knuckle height lifting using maximum acceptable weight (MAW), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate. Semi-squat lifting resulted in greater MAW with lower RPE and lower heart rate compared to squat lifting. Discomfort was most commonly reported in knees/quadriceps with squat lifting. Twelve of the 13 subjects preferred the semi-squat technique. The results provide evidence that the semi-squat technique may have benefits over the squat technique for lifting a medium sized box from floor to knuckle height.

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