Muscle Oxygenation Asymmetry in Ice Speed Skaters: Not Compensated by Compression

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis-Peter Born ◽  
Christoph Zinner ◽  
Britta Herlitz ◽  
Katharina Richter ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion

Purpose:The current investigation assessed tissue oxygenation and local blood volume in both vastus lateralis muscles during 3000-m race simulations in elite speed skaters on ice and the effects of leg compression on physiological, perceptual, and performance measures.Methods:Ten (6 female) elite ice speed skaters completed 2 on-ice trials with and without leg compression. Tissue oxygenation and local blood volume in both vastus lateralis muscles were assessed with near-infrared spectroscopy. Continuous measures of oxygen uptake, ventilation, heart rate, and velocity were conducted throughout the race simulations, as well as blood lactate concentration and ratings of perceived exertion before and after the trials. In addition, lap times were assessed.Results:The investigation of tissue oxygenation in both vastus lateralis muscles revealed an asymmetry (P < .00; effect size = 1.81) throughout the 3000-m race simulation. The application of leg compression did not affect oxygenation asymmetry (smallest P = .99; largest effect size = 0.31) or local blood volume (P = .33; 0.95). Lap times (P = .88; 0.43), velocity (P = .24; 0.84), oxygen uptake (P = .79; 0.10), ventilation (P = .11; 0.59), heart rate (P = .21; 0.89), blood lactate concentration (P = .82; 0.59), and ratings of perceived exertion (P = .19; 1.01) were also unaffected by the different types of clothing.Conclusion:Elite ice speed skaters show an asymmetry in tissue oxygenation of both vastus lateralis muscles during 3000-m events remaining during the long gliding phases along the straight sections of the track. Based on the data, the authors conclude that there are no performance-enhancing benefits from wearing leg compression under a normal racing suit.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory, Metabolic and Perceived Responses to Electrical Stimulation of Upper‐Body Muscles While Performing Arm Cycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Christoph Zinner ◽  
Manuel Matzka ◽  
Sebastian Krumscheid ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg ◽  
Billy Sperlich
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Arm Cycling ◽  
Cross Country Skiing

Abstract This study was designed to assess systemic cardio-respiratory, metabolic and perceived responses to incremental arm cycling with concurrent electrical myostimulation (EMS). Eleven participants (24 ± 3 yrs; 182 ± 10 cm; 86 ± 16.8 kg) performed two incremental tests involving arm cycling until volitional exhaustion was reached with and without EMS of upper-body muscles. The peak power output was 10.1% lower during arm cycling with (128 ± 30 W) than without EMS (141 ± 25 W, p = 0.01; d = 0.47). In addition, the heart rate (2-9%), oxygen uptake (7-15%), blood lactate concentration (8-46%) and ratings of perceived exertion (4-14%) while performing submaximal arm cycling with EMS were all higher with than without EMS (all p < 0.05). Upon exhaustion, the heart rate, oxygen uptake, lactate concentration, and ratings of perceived exertion did not differ between the two conditions (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, arm cycling with EMS induced more pronounced cardio-respiratory, metabolic and perceived responses, especially during submaximal arm cycling. This form of exercise with stimulation might be beneficial for a variety of athletes competing in sports involving considerable generation of work by the upper body (e.g., kayaking, cross-country skiing, swimming, rowing and various parasports).

Energetics and Mechanics of Steep Treadmill Versus Overground Pole Walking: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nicola Giovanelli ◽  
Lara Mari ◽  
Asia Patini ◽  
Stefano Lazzer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Pole Walking

Purpose: To compare energetics and spatiotemporal parameters of steep uphill pole walking on a treadmill and overground. Methods: First, the authors evaluated 6 male trail runners during an incremental graded test on a treadmill. Then, they performed a maximal overground test with poles and an overground test at 80% (OG80) of vertical velocity of maximal overground test with poles on an uphill mountain path (length = 1.3 km, elevation gain = 433 m). Finally, they covered the same elevation gain using poles on a customized treadmill at the average vertical velocity of the OG80. During all the tests, the authors measured oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and rate of perceived exertion. Results: Treadmills required lower metabolic power (15.3 [1.9] vs 16.6 [2.0] W/kg, P = .002) and vertical cost of transport (49.6 [2.7] vs 53.7 [2.1] J/kg·m, P < .001) compared with OG80. Also, oxygen uptake was lower on a treadmill (41.7 [5.0] vs 46.2 [5.0] mL/kg·min, P = .001). Conversely, respiratory quotient was higher on TR80 compared with OG80 (0.98 [0.02] vs 0.89 [0.04], P = .032). In addition, rate of perceived exertion was higher on a treadmill and increased with elevation (P < .001). The authors did not detect any differences in other physiological measurements or in spatiotemporal parameters. Conclusions: Researchers, coaches, and athletes should be aware that steep treadmill pole walking requires lower energy consumption but same heart rate and rate of perceived exertion than overground pole walking at the same average intensity.

Acute Cardiometabolic and Perceptual Responses to Individual and Group-Based Body-Weight Resistance Exercise in Girls

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jeanette M. Ricci ◽  
Katharine D. Currie ◽  
Todd A. Astorino ◽  
Karin A. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Acute Responses ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
The Mean

Girls’ acute responses to group-based high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) are not well characterized. Purpose: To compare acute responses to treadmill-based HIIE (TM) and body-weight resistance exercise circuit (CIRC) and to CIRC performed in a small-group setting (group CIRC). Method: Nineteen girls (9.1 [1.1] y) completed exercise testing on a TM to determine peak oxygen uptake, peak heart rate (HRpeak), and maximal aerobic speed. The TM involved eight 30-second sprints at 100% maximal aerobic speed. The CIRC consisted of 8 exercises of maximal repetitions performed for 30 seconds. Each exercise bout was followed by 30 seconds of active recovery. The blood lactate concentration was assessed preexercise and postexercise. The ratings of perceived exertion, affective valence, and enjoyment were recorded at preexercise, Intervals 3 and 6, and postexercise. Results: The mean heart rate was higher during group CIRC (92% [7%] HRpeak) than CIRC (86% [7%] HRpeak) and TM (85% [4%] HRpeak) ( = .49). The mean oxygen uptake equaled 76% (11%) of the peak oxygen uptake for CIRC and did not differ from TM (d = 0.02). The CIRC elicited a greater postexercise blood lactate concentration versus TM (5.8 [1.7] vs 1.4 [0.4] mM, d = 3.61). The perceptual responses were similar among conditions (P > .05), and only the rating of perceived exertion increased during exercise ( = .78). Conclusion: Whether performed individually or in a small group, CIRC represents HIIE and may be a feasible alternative to running-based HIIE.

scholarly journals Comparison of perceptual and physiological variables of running on a track, motorized treadmill, and non-motorized curved treadmill at increasing velocity

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Myran Wee ◽  
Erna Von Heimburg ◽  
Roland Van den Tillaar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this study was to compare perceptual and physiological variables between running on three different modalities — an indoor athletics track, a motorized treadmill, and a non-motorized curved treadmill — for 1000 m at three different velocities. Ten male athletes (age 24±3 years, body mass 69.8±6.91 kg, height 1.80±0.06 m, VO2peak 69.0±6.70 ml/kg/ min) conducted three 1000 m laps at increasing velocity on three different running modalities. The athletes had a 3-minute recovery between each lap, where the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was registered and the blood lactate concentration and heart rate were measured. Oxygen uptake was measured using a portable metabolic analyser. The physiological (oxygen uptake, heart rate, and blood lactate concentration) and perceptual (RPE) variables were higher when running on a non-motorized curved treadmill compared with running on the track or a motorized treadmill. No differences were found between running on a motorized treadmill and the track except for the RPE, which was lower when running on the track compared with the motorized treadmill. Running on a non-motorized curved treadmill at three different velocities results in a higher oxygen uptake (37%) and heart rate (22%) and is subjectively much harder than running on a track or a motorized treadmill at the same velocities. The difference is around 4 km/h when comparing the physiological and perceptual responses. Thus, when performing training sessions on a non-motorized curved treadmill, subjects should subtract 4 km/h from their regular pace on a track or motorized treadmill to get the same response considering oxygen uptake, heart rate, RPE and blood lactate concentration.

scholarly journals Physiological responses and cycle characteristics during double-poling versus diagonal-stride roller-skiing in junior cross-country skiers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik P. Andersson ◽  
Irina Hämberg ◽  
Paulo Cesar Do Nascimento Salvador ◽  
Kerry McGawley
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Double Poling ◽  
Cross Country

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to compare physiological factors and cycle characteristics during cross-country (XC) roller-skiing at matched inclines and speeds using the double-poling (DP) and diagonal-stride (DS) sub-techniques in junior female and male XC skiers. Methods Twenty-three well-trained junior XC skiers (11 women, 12 men; age 18.2 ± 1.2 yr.) completed two treadmill roller-skiing tests in a randomized order using either DP or DS. The exercise protocols were identical and included a 5 min warm-up, 4 × 5 min submaximal stages, and an incremental test to exhaustion, all performed at a 5° incline. Results No significant three-way interactions were observed between sex, submaximal exercise intensity, and sub-technique. For the pooled sample, higher values were observed for DP versus DS during submaximal exercise for the mean oxygen uptake kinetics response time (33%), energy cost (18%), heart rate (HR) (9%), blood lactate concentration (5.1 versus 2.1 mmol·L−1), rating of perceived exertion (12%), and cycle rate (25%), while cycle length was lower (19%) (all P < 0.001). During the time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test, peak oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak), peak HR, and peak oxygen pulse were 8%, 2%, and 6% lower, respectively, for DP than DS, with a 29% shorter TTE during DP (pooled data, all P < 0.001). Conclusion In well-trained junior XC skiers, DP was found to exert a greater physiological load than DS during uphill XC roller-skiing at submaximal intensities. During the TTE test, both female and male athletes were able to ski for longer and reached markedly higher $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak values when using DS compared to DP.

Oxygen Uptake, Heart Rate, and Ratings of Perceived Exertion at the PWC&OV0312;o2

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1292-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Mielke ◽  
Terry J Housh ◽  
C Russell Hendrix ◽  
Clayton L Camic ◽  
Jorge M Zuniga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion

scholarly journals Lactate, Heart Rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion Responses to Shorter and Longer Duration CrossFit® Training Sessions

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramires Tibana ◽  
Nuno de Sousa ◽  
Jonato Prestes ◽  
Fabrício Voltarelli
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to analyze blood lactate concentration (LAC), heart rate (HR), and rating perceived exertion (RPE) during and after shorter and longer duration CrossFit® sessions. Nine men (27.7 ± 3.2 years; 11.3 ± 4.6% body fat percentage and training experience: 41.1 ± 19.6 months) randomly performed two CrossFit® sessions (shorter: ~4 min and longer: 17 min) with a 7-day interval between them. The response of LAC and HR were measured pre, during, immediately after, and 10, 20, and 30 min after the sessions. RPE was measured pre and immediately after sessions. Lactate levels were higher during the recovery of the shorter session as compared with the longer session (shorter: 15.9 ± 2.2 mmol/L/min, longer: 12.6 ± 2.6 mmol/L/min; p = 0.019). There were no significant differences between protocols on HR during (shorter: 176 ± 6 bpm or 91 ± 4% HRmax, longer: 174 ± 3 bpm or 90 ± 3% HRmax, p = 0.387). The LAC was significantly higher throughout the recovery period for both training sessions as compared to pre-exercise. The RPE was increased immediately after both sessions as compared to pre-exercise, while there was no significant difference between them (shorter: 8.7 ± 0.9, longer: 9.6 ± 0.5; p = 0.360). These results demonstrated that both shorter and longer sessions induced elevated cardiovascular responses which met the recommendations for gains in cardiovascular fitness. In addition, both training sessions had a high metabolic and perceptual response, which may not be suitable if performed on consecutive days.

Perceived Exertion during Physical Exercise among Individuals High and Low in Fitness

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios K. Travlos ◽  
Daniel Q. Marisi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Workload Analysis ◽  
Fitness Level

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of fitness level and gradually increased amounts of exercise on individuals' ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). 20 men served as paid subjects. They were divided into groups of high (>56 ml/kg/min.) and low fitness (<46 ml/kg/min.) according to their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). Participants were required to pedal on a cycle ergometer at a progressively increased workload (every 10 min.) corresponding to 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% of individual VO2 max values. Heart rates, RPE, and core temperatures were recorded every 5th minute after the initiation of exercising at a specific workload. Analysis indicated that, when controlling for VO2 max values, elevations of heart rate and core temperature were not affected by fitness. However, highly fit individuals perceived themselves under less exertion than did the group low in fitness. Correlations showed that, taking into consideration fitness, there is a stronger relationship between RPE and heart rate and RPE and core temperature for the highly fit individuals than for the less fit.

No Influence of Acute Moderate Normobaric Hypoxia on Performance and Blood Lactate Concentration Responses to Repeated Wingates

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-157
Author(s):  
Naoya Takei ◽  
Katsuyuki Kakinoki ◽  
Olivier Girard ◽  
Hideo Hatta
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Hypoxia

Background: Training in hypoxia versus normoxia often induces larger physiological adaptations, while this does not always translate into additional performance benefits. A possible explanation is a reduced oxygen flux, negatively affecting training intensity and/or volume (decreasing training stimulus). Repeated Wingates (RW) in normoxia is an efficient training strategy for improving both physiological parameters and exercise capacity. However, it remains unclear whether the addition of hypoxia has a detrimental effect on RW performance. Purpose: To test the hypothesis that acute moderate hypoxia exposure has no detrimental effect on RW, while both metabolic and perceptual responses would be slightly higher. Methods: On separate days, 7 male university sprinters performed 3 × 30-s Wingate efforts with 4.5-min passive recovery in either hypoxia (FiO2: 0.145) or normoxia (FiO2: 0.209). Arterial oxygen saturation was assessed before the first Wingate effort, while blood lactate concentration and ratings of perceived exertion were measured after each bout. Results: Mean (P = .92) and peak (P = .63) power outputs, total work (P = .98), and the percentage decrement score (P = .25) were similar between conditions. Arterial oxygen saturation was significantly lower in hypoxia versus normoxia (92.0% [2.8%] vs 98.1% [0.4%], P < .01), whereas blood lactate concentration (P = .78) and ratings of perceived exertion (P = .51) did not differ between conditions. Conclusion: In sprinters, acute exposure to moderate hypoxia had no detrimental effect on RW performance and associated metabolic and perceptual responses.

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