Effects of Plyometric Versus Concentric and Eccentric Conditioning Contractions on Upper-Body Postactivation Potentiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 736-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Ulrich ◽  
Mario Parstorfer
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Upper Body Power

Purpose:There are limited data on postactivation potentiation’s (PAP) effects after plyometric conditioning contractions (CCs), especially in the upper body. This study compared plyometric CCs with concentric-eccentric and eccentric CCs aiming to improve upper-body power performance due to a PAP effect.Methods:Sixteen resistance-trained males completed 3 experimental trials in a randomized order that comprised either a plyometric (PLY), a concentric-eccentric (CON), or an eccentric-only (ECC) CC. Maximal muscle performance, as determined by a ballistic bench-press throw, was measured before (baseline) and 1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 min after each CC.Results:Compared with baseline, bench-press power was significantly enhanced only in CON (P = .046, ES = 0.21) after 8 min of recovery. However, the results obtained from the comparisons between baseline power performance and the individual best power performance for each subject after each CC stimulus showed significant increases in PLY (P < .001, ES = 0.31) and CON (P < .001, ES = 0.38). There was no significant improvement in ECC (P = .106, ES = 0.11).Conclusions:The results indicate that only CON CCs generated increases in bench-press power after 8 min of rest. However, considering an individual rest interval, PLY CCs led to an enhanced power performance in the bench-press exercise, and this increase was comparable to that induced by CON CCs. Due to the easy practical application before a competition, PLY CCs might be an interesting part of warm-up strategies aiming to improve upper-body power performance by reason of PAP.

Effects of carbohydrate and branched-chain amino acid beverage ingestion during acute upper body resistance exercise on performance and postexercise hormone response

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
JohnEric W. Smith ◽  
Ben M. Krings ◽  
Brandon D. Shepherd ◽  
Hunter S. Waldman ◽  
Steven A. Basham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Double Blind Design ◽  
Experimental Trials

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the individual and combined effects of ingesting carbohydrates (CHO) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) during high-volume upper body resistance exercise (RE) on markers of catabolism and performance. Thirteen resistance-trained males completed 4 experimental trials with supplementation, ingesting beverages containing CHO, BCAA, CHO+BCAA, or placebo (PLA) in a randomized, double-blind design. The beverages were ingested in 118-mL servings 6 times during an ∼60-min RE session consisting of bench press, bent-over row, incline press, and close-grip row. Each RE was performed with 5 sets of repetitions at 65% 1-repetition maximum until volitional fatigue. Blood samples were collected at baseline, immediately postexercise, and 60 min postexercise to assess glucose and insulin. Cortisol was assessed immediately and at 60 min postexercise. No significant performance benefits were observed for any RE. CHO+BCAA (152.4 ± 71.4 ng/mL) resulted in the lowest cortisol levels, which was lower than BCAA and PLA (193.7 ± 88.5, 182.8 ± 67.5 ng/mL, p < 0.05), but not different from CHO (165 ± 76.5 ng/mL, p = 0.342). Postexercise insulin concentrations were significantly higher with CHO (4.79 ± 3.4 mU/L) compared with BCAA and PLA (3.7 ± 2.0, 3.5 ± 1.8 mU/L, p < 0.05), but not different from CHO+BCAA (4.3 ± 2.5 mU/L, p = 0.339). There was no treatment effect for glucose, but glucose significantly increased from baseline to immediately postexercise and significantly decreased at 60 min postexercise. Ingesting beverages containing CHO with or without BCAA during upper body resistance exercise may promote a more favorable postexercise less catabolic environment.

Influence of Ballistic Bench Press on Upper Body Power Output in Professional Rugby Players

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 2282-2287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. West ◽  
Daniel J. Cunningham ◽  
Blair T. Crewther ◽  
Christian J. Cook ◽  
Liam P. Kilduff
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Upper Body Power ◽  
Rugby Players

scholarly journals Reliability Analysis of Traditional and Ballistic Bench Press Exercises at Different Loads

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amador García-Ramos ◽  
Paulino Padial ◽  
Miguel García-Ramos ◽  
Javier Conde-Pipó ◽  
Javier Argüelles-Cienfuegos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Velocity Relationship ◽  
Body Velocity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine test–retest reliability for peak barbell velocity (Vpeak) during the bench press (BP) and bench press throw (BPT) exercises for loads corresponding to 20–70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). Thirty physically active collegiate men conducted four evaluations after a preliminary BP 1RM determination (1RM·bw-1 = 1.02 ± 0.16 kg·kg-1). In counterbalanced order, participants performed two sessions of the BP in one week and two sessions of the BPT in another week. Recovery time between sessions within the same week was 48 hours and recovery time between sessions of different weeks was 120 hours. On each day of evaluation the individual load-velocity relationship at each tenth percentile (20–70% of 1RM) in a Smith machine for the BP or BPT was determined. Participants performed three attempts per load, but only the best repetition (highest Vpeak), registered by a linear position transducer, was analysed. The BPT resulted in a significantly lower coefficient of variation (CV) for the whole load–velocity relationship, compared to the BP (2.48% vs. 3.22%; p = 0.040). Test–retest intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from r = 0.94-0.85 for the BPT and r = 0.91-0.71 for the BP (p < 0.001). The reduction in the biological within-subject variation in BPT exercise could be promoted by the braking phase that obligatorily occurs during a BP executed with light or moderate loads. Therefore, we recommend the BPT exercise for a most accurate assessment of upper-body velocity.

scholarly journals The effects of a postactivation potentiation warm-up on subsequent sprint performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad E. Smith ◽  
James C. Hannon ◽  
Brian McGladrey ◽  
Barry Shultz ◽  
Patricia Eisenman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Kinematics Analysis ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Mixed Anova ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect

AbstractPurpose. Many strength and conditioning professionals propose that postactivation potentiation (PAP) warm-ups enhance power performance although there are few studies conducted in this regard on sprinting. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a PAP warm-up on sprint performance. Methods. Twenty-four men and women completed a 40-yard (yd) sprint pretest on four nonconsecutive days followed by a PAP warm-up that included a sled resistance sprint at either 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% of their body mass and concluded with a 40-yd dash posttest. Each resistance sprint was recorded for kinematic analysis. Results. A 2 × 2 × 4 factorial mixed ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference between sexes in 40-yd dash times (p < 0.001). A significant main effect was found in pre- and post-40-yd dash measures regardless of sex (p < 0.001). The results indicated no significant differences in the post-40-yd dash times between sled loads and the load by time interaction. The participants’ 40-yd dash times improved 1.2% on average after the 10% load. Improvements in dash time for the 0%, 20%, and 30% loads were greater than 2%. Sprint kinematics analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences between lighter and heavier loads. Conclusions. Regardless of the significant disruptions in sprint mechanics, there appears to be a potential for heavier sled resistances to affect acute improvements in 40-yd sprint performance. However, it is unclear whether heavier sleds loads may provide greater benefit than warming up with 0% resistance.

Postactivation Potentiation: Effect of Various Recovery Intervals on Bench Press Power Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Lívia de Assis Ferreira ◽  
Valéria Leme GonÇalves Panissa ◽  
Bianca Miarka ◽  
Emerson Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Potentiation Effect

Comparison Between Bench Press Throw and Ballistic Push-up Tests to Assess Upper-Body Power in Trained Individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1503-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Bartolomei ◽  
Federico Nigro ◽  
Sandro Ruggeri ◽  
Ivan Malagoli Lanzoni ◽  
Simone Ciacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Upper Body Power ◽  
Push Up

The Novel Single-Stroke Kayak Test: Can It Discriminate Between 200-m and Longer-Distance (500- and 1000-m) Specialists in Canoe Sprint?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos R. Petrovic ◽  
Amador García-Ramos ◽  
Danica N. Janicijevic ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Castilla ◽  
Olivera M. Knezevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Traditional Resistance Training ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pull Tests ◽  
Training Exercises

Purpose: To test whether the force–velocity (F–V) relationship obtained during a specific single-stroke kayak test (SSKT) and during nonspecific traditional resistance-training exercises (bench press and prone bench pull) could discriminate between 200-m specialists and longer-distance (500- and 1000-m) specialists in canoe sprint. Methods: A total of 21 experienced male kayakers (seven 200-m specialists and 14 longer-distance specialists) participated in this study. After a familiarization session, kayakers came to the laboratory on 2 occasions separated by 48 to 96 hours. In a randomized order, kayakers performed the SSKT in one session and the bench press and bench pull tests in another session. Force and velocity outputs were recorded against 5 loads in each exercise to determine the F–V relationship and related parameters (maximum force, maximum velocity, F–V slope, and maximum power). Results: The individual F–V relationships were highly linear for the SSKT (r = .990 [.908, .998]), bench press (r = .993 [.974, .999]), and prone bench pull (r = .998 [.992, 1.000]). The F–V relationship parameters (maximum force, maximum velocity, and maximum power) were significantly higher for 200-m specialists compared with longer-distance specialists (all Ps ≤ .047) with large effect sizes (≥0.94) revealing important practical differences. However, no significant differences were observed between 200-m specialists and longer-distance specialists in the F–V slope (P ≥ .477). Conclusions: The F–V relationship assessed during both specific (SSKT) and nonspecific upper-body tasks (bench press and bench pull) may distinguish between kayakers specialized in different distances.

scholarly journals Correlation between ball speed of the spike and the strength condition of a professional women’s volleyball team during the season

Kinesiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Valadés ◽  
José Manuel Palao ◽  
Ángel Aúnsolo ◽  
Aurelio Ureña
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Upper Body Power ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Medicine Ball

The aim of this paper was to study the relationship between spike speed and the players’ characteristics, anthropometrics, and strength levels throughout the season for a women’s professional volleyball team. Players from a Spanish first division team performed a battery of tests evaluating anthropometric characteristics, strength performance, and spike speed at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of one competitive season. The variables were: age; training experience; height; one-hand standing reach height; body mass; body mass index; height of the vertical jump with an approach (spike jump); muscle percentage of arms; 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press; 1RM pullover; overhead medicine ball throws for distance using 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kg; spike angles; and speed of standing and jump spikes. Results showed that players’ general strength (bench press and pullover) and power parameters (medicine ball throws) increased throughout theseason, while speed of the jump did not improve. The variable that best predicted the jump spike speed at all the three time points in the season was the standing spike speed. The players’ training increased their strength and upper-body power, but these improvements were not transferred to players’ hitting speed ability. Push-pull and throwing exercises were not specific enough to improve the hitting ability of the female senior volleyball players.

Comparison of Upper Body Power in Adolescent Wrestlers and Basketball Players

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Mayhew ◽  
Michael G. Bemben ◽  
Donna M. Rohrs ◽  
Fontaine C. Piper ◽  
Michael K. Willman
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Power Test ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Upper Body Power ◽  
Shot Put

The purpose of this study was to compare the measurement of upper body power between male (n = 36) and female (n = 23) adolescent wrestlers and basketball players using the seated shot put (SSP) and a bench press power test (BPP). Boys were significantly different from girls on all physical and performance measures except age. The two SSP tests were significantly related to the two BPP tests in boys, but not in girls. Both SSP tests were significantly related to body mass and fat-free mass (FFM) in boys, but not in girls. Removing the effect of body mass or FFM reduced the relationships of both SSP tests with both BPP tests. BPP output was more dependent on age, height, and body mass in boys than in girls. The SSP may be measuring a different component of upper body power than a BPP test in either male or female adolescent athletes.

AN ATTEMPT TO INDUCE POSTACTIVATION POTENTIATION TO IMPROVE KAYAK SPRINT PERFORMANCE USING AN ON-WATER KAYAK-SPECIFIC WARM UP

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 2050026
Author(s):  
SZE YING SOH ◽  
ABDUL RASHID AZIZ ◽  
MARCUS J.C. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Resistance Exercises ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tennis Balls

This study explores whether an on-water kayak-specific resistance exercise (KSRE) performed during the warm-up period can induce postactivation potentiation (PAP) to improve subsequent kayak-sprint performance. The KSRE involves stringing several tennis balls around the boat’s hull to induce drag while paddling. In a laboratory setting, 10 well-trained male ([Formula: see text]) and female ([Formula: see text]) kayakers performed three repetitions of the single-arm seated-row (SASR) at 91% one-repetition maximum to induce PAP and were assessed for their peak power output while performing SASR on the Keiser machine at two-minute intervals up to 16 min. Each individual’s latency period for the onset of PAP during this exercise was recorded. In separate sessions, athletes performed in random, a 30 m kayak-sprint in a swimming pool setting after either control (no pre-performance loading) or experimental (post-PAP induction via the KSRE taking into account the individual’ onset of PAP latencies period obtained in the laboratory) conditions. Criterion measures of boat velocities of the third and fourth stroke from the start and 30 m sprint times, assessed using video, were not significantly different between control and experimental conditions. The translation of increased power output elicited via PAP using land-based resistance exercises into water-based resistance exercises to improve kayak-sprint performance remains a challenge.

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