Postactivation Potentiation: Effect of Various Recovery Intervals on Bench Press Power Performance

Purpose: To examine the postactivation potentiation effect on serve velocity and accuracy in young competition tennis players using complex training, and comparing different upper and lower body heavy-load resistance exercises (HLRE). Methods: Fifteen competition tennis players (9 boys and 6 girls; age 15.6 [1.5] y) performed 1 control session and 3 experimental sessions using HLRE in a crossover randomized design: (1) bench press, (2) half squat, (3) bench press plus half squat, and (4) control trial. HLRE were performed by accomplishing 3 sets of 3 repetitions when bench press or half squat conditions were performed and 2 sets of 3 repetitions of each exercise when bench press plus half squat condition was performed at 80% 1-repetition maximum, lifting the load at maximum speed. To assess the serve velocity and accuracy, all participants performed 32 flat serves after the HLRE, divided into 4 sets of 8 serves (0, 5, 10, and 15 min postexercise), resting 20 seconds between serves, and 2 minutes and 40 seconds between sets. Results: There were no significant (P > .05) differences in ball velocity and accuracy following each recovery time and exercise, compared with the basal situation. Conclusions: These results suggest that complex training using HLRE is not a useful method for eliciting the postactivation potentiation effect in tennis serve and does not have any effect in serve accuracy in young competition tennis players.

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Changes of Power Output and Velocity During Successive Sets of the Bench Press With Different Duration of Eccentric Movement

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2019-0164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 162-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michal Wilk ◽

Michal Krzysztofik ◽

Milosz Drozd ◽

Adam Zajac

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Bench Press ◽

Postactivation Potentiation ◽

Power Development ◽

Potentiation Effect ◽

Fast Tempo ◽

Resistance Exercises ◽

Slow Tempo ◽

Study Participants ◽

Post Hoc

Purpose: Resistance training is one of the key components influencing power output. Previous studies directed at power development through the use of postactivation potentiation have analyzed resistance exercises at volitional or fast tempo of movement in the entire cycle, without control of the duration of the concentric and eccentric phases of movement. To date, no scientific studies have explored the effects of varied movement tempo on the level of power output, velocity, and postactivation potentiation efficiency. Methods: During the experimental sessions, study participants performed 3 sets (Sets1–3) of the bench-press exercise using 70% 1-repetition maximum and 2 different tempos of movement: 2/0/X/0 eccentric medium tempo (ECCMED) and 6/0/X/0 eccentric slow tempo (ECCSLO). Results: Post hoc analysis demonstrated significant differences in values of peak (PPEAK) and mean (PMEAN) power between Sets1–3 measured for the ECCMED (2/0/X/0) tempo. The values of PMEAN in Set3 (492.15 [87.61] W) were significantly higher than in Set2 (480.05 [82.10] W) and Set1 (467.65 [79.18] W). Similarly, the results of PPEAK in Set3 (713.10 [132.72] W) were significantly higher than those obtained in Set2 (702.25 [129.5] W) and Set1 (671.55 [115.79] W). For the ECCSLO tempo (6/0/X/0) in Set2 (587.9 [138.48] W), the results of PPEAK were significantly higher than in Set1 (565.7 [117.37] W) and Set3 (563.1 [124.93] W). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the postactivation potentiation effect is observed for both slow and medium tempos of movement.

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Effects of Plyometric Versus Concentric and Eccentric Conditioning Contractions on Upper-Body Postactivation Potentiation

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2016-0278 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 736-741 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gert Ulrich ◽

Mario Parstorfer

Keyword(s):

Bench Press ◽

Muscle Performance ◽

Upper Body ◽

Postactivation Potentiation ◽

Power Performance ◽

Warm Up ◽

Interesting Part ◽

The Individual ◽

Experimental Trials ◽

Upper Body Power

Purpose:There are limited data on postactivation potentiation’s (PAP) effects after plyometric conditioning contractions (CCs), especially in the upper body. This study compared plyometric CCs with concentric-eccentric and eccentric CCs aiming to improve upper-body power performance due to a PAP effect.Methods:Sixteen resistance-trained males completed 3 experimental trials in a randomized order that comprised either a plyometric (PLY), a concentric-eccentric (CON), or an eccentric-only (ECC) CC. Maximal muscle performance, as determined by a ballistic bench-press throw, was measured before (baseline) and 1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 min after each CC.Results:Compared with baseline, bench-press power was significantly enhanced only in CON (P = .046, ES = 0.21) after 8 min of recovery. However, the results obtained from the comparisons between baseline power performance and the individual best power performance for each subject after each CC stimulus showed significant increases in PLY (P < .001, ES = 0.31) and CON (P < .001, ES = 0.38). There was no significant improvement in ECC (P = .106, ES = 0.11).Conclusions:The results indicate that only CON CCs generated increases in bench-press power after 8 min of rest. However, considering an individual rest interval, PLY CCs led to an enhanced power performance in the bench-press exercise, and this increase was comparable to that induced by CON CCs. Due to the easy practical application before a competition, PLY CCs might be an interesting part of warm-up strategies aiming to improve upper-body power performance by reason of PAP.

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Postactivation potentiation effect of two lower body resistance exercises on repeated jump performance measures

Biology of Sport ◽

10.5114/biolsport.2020.93034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 105-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Gahreman ◽

Mehdi Moghadam ◽

Ehsan Hoseininejad ◽

Vahid Dehnou ◽

Jonathan Connor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Performance Measures ◽

Lower Body ◽

Postactivation Potentiation ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Potentiation Effect ◽

Resistance Exercises ◽

Body Resistance

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Postactivation potentiation effect of overloaded cycling on subsequent cycling Wingate performance

The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness ◽

10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08134-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kenji Doma ◽

Anthony S. Leicht ◽

Moritz Schumann ◽

Akinori Nagata ◽

Kazuma Senzaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postactivation Potentiation ◽

Potentiation Effect

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The effects of a postactivation potentiation warm-up on subsequent sprint performance

Human Movement ◽

10.2478/humo-2013-0050 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Chad E. Smith ◽

James C. Hannon ◽

Brian McGladrey ◽

Barry Shultz ◽

Patricia Eisenman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sprint Performance ◽

Kinematics Analysis ◽

Postactivation Potentiation ◽

Power Performance ◽

Strength And Conditioning ◽

Warm Up ◽

Mixed Anova ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Main Effect

AbstractPurpose. Many strength and conditioning professionals propose that postactivation potentiation (PAP) warm-ups enhance power performance although there are few studies conducted in this regard on sprinting. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a PAP warm-up on sprint performance. Methods. Twenty-four men and women completed a 40-yard (yd) sprint pretest on four nonconsecutive days followed by a PAP warm-up that included a sled resistance sprint at either 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% of their body mass and concluded with a 40-yd dash posttest. Each resistance sprint was recorded for kinematic analysis. Results. A 2 × 2 × 4 factorial mixed ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference between sexes in 40-yd dash times (p < 0.001). A significant main effect was found in pre- and post-40-yd dash measures regardless of sex (p < 0.001). The results indicated no significant differences in the post-40-yd dash times between sled loads and the load by time interaction. The participants’ 40-yd dash times improved 1.2% on average after the 10% load. Improvements in dash time for the 0%, 20%, and 30% loads were greater than 2%. Sprint kinematics analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences between lighter and heavier loads. Conclusions. Regardless of the significant disruptions in sprint mechanics, there appears to be a potential for heavier sled resistances to affect acute improvements in 40-yd sprint performance. However, it is unclear whether heavier sleds loads may provide greater benefit than warming up with 0% resistance.

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The Effect of Active Recovery on Power Performance During the Bench Press Exercise

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2014-0018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 161-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Felipe A. S. Lopes ◽

Valéria L. G. Panissa ◽

Ursula F. Julio ◽

Elton M. Menegon ◽

Emerson Franchini

Keyword(s):

Blood Lactate ◽

Peak Power ◽

Bench Press ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Maximal Strength ◽

Power Performance ◽

Active Recovery ◽

Passive Recovery ◽

Main Effect

Abstract The objective of this study was to verify the effect of active and passive recovery on blood lactate concentration and power performance. Twelve male subjects were submitted to a maximal strength test in the the bench press, a maximal aerobic test in the bench step, and to four sets of bench press exercise performed as fast and as long as possible, using 80% of maximal strength when active or passive recovery was performed. The maximum number of repetitions, mean and peak power in eccentric and concentric phases were computed and blood lactate concentration was measured. Comparisons for the variables were made using a two-way variance analysis (recovery type and set numer) with repeated measures in the second factor. When significant differences were detected (p < 0.05), a Tukey post-hoc test was used. There was a main effect of set number on maximum number of repetitions (p < 0.05) (1 > 2, 3, and 4; 2 > 3 and 4; 3 > 4). Mean and peak power in both eccentric and concentric phases also differed across sets (1 > 2, 3, and 4; 2 > 4). There was also a main effect for the recovery type, with lower values (p < 0.05) observed for the active recovery compared to the passive one. It can be concluded that active recovery resulted in lower lactate concentration, but did not improve power performance in the bench press exercise.

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The effects of a caffeine-like supplement, TeaCrine®, on muscular strength, endurance and power performance in resistance-trained men

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s12970-019-0316-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kyle R. Cesareo ◽

Justin R. Mason ◽

Patrick G. Saracino ◽

Margaret C. Morrissey ◽

Michael J. Ormsbee

Keyword(s):

Muscular Strength ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Bench Press ◽

Time Trial ◽

Endurance Performance ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Power Performance ◽

Double Blind ◽

Tea Plants ◽

Repetitions To Failure

Abstract Background TeaCrine® is the synthetic version to naturally occurring theacrine (1, 3, 7, 9-tetramethyluric acid) found in the leaves of Camellia kucha tea plants. A few studies have examined the effects of TeaCrine® on cognitive perception, but no research exists examining its effects on resistance exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of TeaCrine®, a caffeine-like compound, on maximal muscular strength, endurance, and power performance in resistance-trained men. Methods Twelve resistance-trained men participated in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over designed study. Each participant performed one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press, 1RM squat, bench press repetitions to failure (RTF) at 70% 1RM, squat RTF at 70% 1RM, and 2-km rowing time trial 90 min after consumption of: (1) Caffeine 300 mg (CAFF300); (2) TeaCrine® 300 mg (TEA300); (3) TeaCrine® + Caffeine (COMBO; 150 mg/150 mg); (4) Placebo 300 mg (PLA). Power and velocity were measured using a TENDO Power Analyzer. Visual analogue scales for energy, focus, motivation to exercise, and fatigue were administered at baseline and 90 min post-treatment ingestion (pre-workout). Rating of perceived exertion was assessed after bench press RTF and squat RTF. Results There were no differences between groups for 1RM, RTF, and power in the bench press and squat exercises. Only CAFF300 resulted in significant increases in perceived energy and motivation to exercise vs. TEA300 and PLA (Energy: + 9.8%, 95% confidence interval [3.3–16.4%], p < 0.01; + 15.3%, 95% CI [2.2–28.5%], p < 0.02; Motivation to exercise: + 8.9%, 95% CI [0.2–17.6%], p = 0.04, + 14.8%, 95% CI [4.7–24.8%], p < 0.01, respectively) and increased focus (+ 9.6%, 95% CI [2.1–17.1%], p = 0.01) vs. TEA300, but there were no significant differences between CAFF300 and COMBO (Energy + 3.9% [− 6.9–14.7%], Focus + 2.5% [− 6.3–11.3%], Motivation to exercise + 0.5% [− 11.6–12.6%]; p > 0.05). Conclusion Neither TEA300, CAFF300, COMBO, or PLA (when consumed 90 min pre-exercise) improved muscular strength, power, or endurance performance in resistance-trained men. Only CAFF300 improved measures of focus, energy, and motivation to exercise.

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A Comparison Between The Recovery Responses Following an Eccentrically Loaded Bench Press Protocol Vs. Regular Loading in Highly Trained Men

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2019-0056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 59-67

Author(s):

Sandro Bartolomei ◽

Valentina Totti ◽

Federico Nigro ◽

Simone Ciacci ◽

Gabriele Semprini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Bench Press ◽

Body Height ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Complete Recovery ◽

Peak Force ◽

Power Performance ◽

Training Experience ◽

Performance Deficits ◽

And Performance

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses of a single bout of an eccentric accentuated bench press protocol (120% of 1RM in the eccentric phase/80% in the concentric phase; [120/80]) versus a regular high-intensity exercise protocol (80%/80%; [80/80]) in resistance-trained men. Eleven men (age = 25.6 ± 3.9 y; body mass = 84.6 ± 11.2 kg; body height = 176.4 ± 3.9 cm) with 6.3 ± 3.4 y of resistance training experience performed each protocol in counterbalanced, randomized order. Isometric, isokinetic and ballistic tests were performed at the bench press (IBPF, ISOK and BTP, respectively) at baseline (BL), 15-min (15P), 24-h (24P), and 48-h (48P) post-exercise for each testing session. In addition, muscle thickness of the pectoralis major (PecMT) was measured at the same timepoints via ultrasound. Significantly greater reductions in BTP (p < 0.001), peak force during both ISOK (p = 0.005) and IBPF (p = 0.006) at 15P were detected in 120/80 compared to 80/80. BTP was still significantly (p = 0.009) impaired at 48P following the 120/80 protocol, while no differences were noted following 80/80. PecMt was significantly elevated following both 120/80 and 80/80 (p < 0.05) at 15P, but significant differences between the trials were present at 15P and 24P (p = 0.005 and p = 0.008, respectively). Results indicated that heavy eccentric loading during the bench press exercise caused greater performance deficits than a bout of traditionally loaded high intensity resistance exercise. Power performance appears to be more influenced by the 120/80 protocol than isometric peak force. Eccentrically loaded exercise sessions should be separated by at least 48 hours to obtain a complete recovery of the initial muscle morphology and performance.

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Postactivation Potentiation of Bench Press Throw Performance Using Velocity-Based Conditioning Protocols with Low and Moderate Loads

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2019-0058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 81-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Athanasios Tsoukos ◽

Lee E. Brown ◽

Panagiotis Veligekas ◽

Gerasimos Terzis ◽

Gregory C. Bogdanis

Keyword(s):

Bench Press ◽

Peak Velocity ◽

Postactivation Potentiation ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Mean Velocity ◽

Movement Velocity ◽

Under Five ◽

Prime Movers ◽

Semg Activity

AbstractThis study examined the acute effects of the bench press exercise with low and moderate loads as well as with two predetermined movement velocity loss percentages on bench press throw performance and surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity. Ten trained men completed 5 main trials in randomized and counterbalanced order one week apart. Mean propulsive velocity (MPV), peak velocity (PV) and sEMG activity of prime movers were evaluated before and periodically for 12 minutes of recovery under five conditions: using loads of 40 or 60% of 1 RM, until mean velocity dropped to 90 or 70%, as well as a control condition (CTRL). MPV and PV were increased 4-12 min into recovery by 4.5-6.8% only after the 60%1RM condition during which velocity dropped to 90% and total exercise volume was the lowest of all conditions (p < 0.01, Hedges’ g = 0.8-1.7). When peak individual responses were calculated irrespective of time, MPV was increased by 9.2 ± 4.4 (p < 0.001, Hedges’ g = 1.0) and 6.1 ± 3.6% (p < 0.001, Hedges’ g = 0.7) under the two conditions with the lowest total exercise volume irrespective of the load, i.e. under the conditions of 40 and 60% 1RM where velocity was allowed to drop to 90%. sEMG activity of the triceps was significantly greater when peak individual responses were taken into account only under the 60%1RM condition when velocity dropped to 90% (p < 0.05, Hedges’ g = 0.4). This study showed that potentiation may be maximized by taking into account individual fatigue profiles using velocity-based training.

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