Three-Dimensional Knee Joint Loading in Alpine Skiing: A Comparison Between a Carved and a Skidded Turn

Limited data exists on knee biomechanics in alpine ski turns despite the high rate of injuries associated with this maneuver. The purpose of the current study was to compare knee joint loading between a carved and a skidded ski turn and between the inner and outer leg. Kinetic data were collected using Kistler mobile force plates. Kinematic data were collected with five synchronized, panning, tilting, and zooming cameras. Inertial properties of the segments were calculated using an extended version of the Yeadon model. Knee joint forces and moments were calculated using inverse dynamics analysis. The obtained results indicate that knee joint loading in carving is not consistently greater than knee joint loading in skidding. In addition, knee joint loading at the outer leg is not always greater than at the inner leg. Differentiation is required between forces and moments, the direction of the forces and moments, and the phase of the turn that is considered. Even though the authors believe that the analyzed turns are representative, results have to be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size.

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Influence of Modern Studded and Bladed Soccer Boots and Sidestep Cutting on Knee Loading during Match Play Conditions

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546507300257 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 35 (9) ◽

pp. 1528-1536 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Rajiv Kaila

Keyword(s):

Inverse Dynamics ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Match Play ◽

Joint Forces ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Knee Loading ◽

Anterior Cruciate ◽

Inverse Dynamics Analysis ◽

Straight Ahead

Background The influence of modern studded and bladed soccer boots and sidestep cutting on noncontact knee loading during match play conditions is not fully understood. Hypothesis Modern soccer boot type and sidestep cutting compared with straight-ahead running do not significantly influence knee internal tibia axial and valgus moments, anterior joint forces, and flexion angles. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Fifteen professional male outfield soccer players undertook trials of straight-ahead running and sidestep cutting at 30° and 60° with a controlled approach velocity on a Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) approved soccer surface. Two bladed and 2 studded soccer boots from 2 manufacturers were investigated. Three-dimensional inverse dynamics analysis determined externally applied internal/external tibia axial and valgus/varus moments, anterior forces, and flexion angles throughout stance. Results The soccer boot type imparted no significant difference on knee loading for each maneuver. Internal tibia and valgus moments were significantly greater for sidestep cutting at 30° and 60° compared with straight-ahead running. Sidestep cutting at 60° compared with straight-ahead running significantly increased anterior joint forces. Conclusion Varying soccer boot type had no effect on knee loading for each maneuver, but sidestep cutting significantly increased internal tibia and valgus moments and anterior joint forces. Clinical Relevance Sidestep cutting, irrespective of the modern soccer boot type worn, may be implicated in the high incidence of noncontact soccer anterior cruciate ligament injuries by significantly altering knee loading.

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Three-dimensional knee joint loading during seated cycling

Journal of Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/0021-9290(92)90244-u ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 41-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Patricia Ruby ◽

M.L. Hull ◽

David Hawkins

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Joint Loading ◽

Knee Joint Loading

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Three-Dimensional Lower Extremity Joint Loading in a Carved Ski and Snowboard Turn: A Pilot Study

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/340272 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Miriam Klous ◽

Erich Müller ◽

Hermann Schwameder

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Kinetic Data ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Longitudinal Axis ◽

Joint Loading ◽

Inverse Dynamic ◽

Kinematic Data ◽

Joint Forces ◽

Anterior Posterior

A large number of injuries to the lower extremity occur in skiing and snowboarding. Due to the difficulty of collecting 3D kinematic and kinetic data with high accuracy, a possible relationship between injury statistic and joint loading has not been studied. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to compare ankle and knee joint loading at the steering leg between carved ski and snowboard turns. Kinetic data were collected using mobile force plates mounted under the toe and heel part of the binding on skies or snowboard (KISTLER). Kinematic data were collected with five synchronized, panning, tilting, and zooming cameras. An extended version of the Yeadon model was applied to calculate inertial properties of the segments. Ankle and knee joint forces and moments were calculated using inverse dynamic analysis. Results showed higher forces along the longitudinal axis in skiing and similar forces for skiing and snowboarding in anterior-posterior and mediolateral direction. Joint moments were consistently greater during a snowboard turn, but more fluctuations were observed in skiing. Hence, when comparing joint loading between carved ski and snowboard turns, one should differentiate between forces and moments, including the direction of forces and moments and the turn phase.

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Influence of rearfoot kinematics during initial ground contact on knee joint loading in rearfoot running

Footwear Science ◽

10.1080/19424280.2011.575814 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (sup1) ◽

pp. S78-S79

Author(s):

Frank Ingo Michel ◽

Sebastian Campe ◽

Eveline Silvia Graf ◽

Katja Johanna Michel

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Ground Contact ◽

Joint Loading ◽

Knee Joint Loading

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Effects of Body Weight Modification on Internal Knee Contact Forces During Gait

Volume 1A: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms; Active and Reactive Soft Matter; Atherosclerosis; BioFluid Mechanics; Education; Biotransport Phenomena; Bone, Joint and Spine Mechanics; Brain Injury; Cardiac Mechanics; Cardiovascular Devices, Fluids and Imaging; Cartilage and Disc Mechanics; Cell and Tissue Engineering; Cerebral Aneurysms; Computational Biofluid Dynamics; Device Design, Human Dynamics, and Rehabilitation; Drug Delivery and Disease Treatment; Engineered Cellular Environments ◽

10.1115/sbc2013-14727 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Allison L. Kinney ◽

Heather K. Vincent ◽

Melinda K. Harman ◽

James Coburn ◽

Darryl D. D’Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Knee Joint ◽

Inverse Dynamics ◽

Contact Forces ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Body Weight Changes ◽

Total Knee ◽

Knee Joint Loading ◽

Knee Load

Obesity is commonly considered a risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis [1]. Previous studies have shown that reductions in body weight correspond to reductions in total knee joint compressive forces (as calculated by inverse dynamics) [2–4]. A recent study showed that external knee load measurements are not strong predictors of internal knee contact forces [5]. Therefore, direct measurement of knee contact force is important for understanding how body weight changes impact knee joint loading. Force-measuring knee implants can directly measure internal knee contact forces [6].

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