scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Lower Extremity Joint Loading in a Carved Ski and Snowboard Turn: A Pilot Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Klous ◽  
Erich Müller ◽  
Hermann Schwameder
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Joint Loading ◽  
Inverse Dynamic ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Anterior Posterior

A large number of injuries to the lower extremity occur in skiing and snowboarding. Due to the difficulty of collecting 3D kinematic and kinetic data with high accuracy, a possible relationship between injury statistic and joint loading has not been studied. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to compare ankle and knee joint loading at the steering leg between carved ski and snowboard turns. Kinetic data were collected using mobile force plates mounted under the toe and heel part of the binding on skies or snowboard (KISTLER). Kinematic data were collected with five synchronized, panning, tilting, and zooming cameras. An extended version of the Yeadon model was applied to calculate inertial properties of the segments. Ankle and knee joint forces and moments were calculated using inverse dynamic analysis. Results showed higher forces along the longitudinal axis in skiing and similar forces for skiing and snowboarding in anterior-posterior and mediolateral direction. Joint moments were consistently greater during a snowboard turn, but more fluctuations were observed in skiing. Hence, when comparing joint loading between carved ski and snowboard turns, one should differentiate between forces and moments, including the direction of forces and moments and the turn phase.

Three-Dimensional Knee Joint Loading in Alpine Skiing: A Comparison Between a Carved and a Skidded Turn

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Klous ◽  
Erich Müller ◽  
Hermann Schwameder
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Joint Loading ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Inverse Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Knee Joint Loading

Limited data exists on knee biomechanics in alpine ski turns despite the high rate of injuries associated with this maneuver. The purpose of the current study was to compare knee joint loading between a carved and a skidded ski turn and between the inner and outer leg. Kinetic data were collected using Kistler mobile force plates. Kinematic data were collected with five synchronized, panning, tilting, and zooming cameras. Inertial properties of the segments were calculated using an extended version of the Yeadon model. Knee joint forces and moments were calculated using inverse dynamics analysis. The obtained results indicate that knee joint loading in carving is not consistently greater than knee joint loading in skidding. In addition, knee joint loading at the outer leg is not always greater than at the inner leg. Differentiation is required between forces and moments, the direction of the forces and moments, and the phase of the turn that is considered. Even though the authors believe that the analyzed turns are representative, results have to be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size.

scholarly journals Estimation of Knee Joint Forces in Sport Movements Using Wearable Sensors and Machine Learning

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd J. Stetter ◽  
Steffen Ringhof ◽  
Frieder C. Krafft ◽  
Stefan Sell ◽  
Thorsten Stein
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Biomechanical Modelling ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Good Agreement

Knee joint forces (KJF) are biomechanical measures used to infer the load on knee joint structures. The purpose of this study is to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) that estimates KJF during sport movements, based on data obtained by wearable sensors. Thirteen participants were equipped with two inertial measurement units (IMUs) located on the right leg. Participants performed a variety of movements, including linear motions, changes of direction, and jumps. Biomechanical modelling was carried out to determine KJF. An ANN was trained to model the association between the IMU signals and the KJF time series. The ANN-predicted KJF yielded correlation coefficients that ranged from 0.60 to 0.94 (vertical KJF), 0.64 to 0.90 (anterior–posterior KJF) and 0.25 to 0.60 (medial–lateral KJF). The vertical KJF for moderate running showed the highest correlation (0.94 ± 0.33). The summed vertical KJF and peak vertical KJF differed between calculated and predicted KJF across all movements by an average of 5.7% ± 5.9% and 17.0% ± 13.6%, respectively. The vertical and anterior–posterior KJF values showed good agreement between ANN-predicted outcomes and reference KJF across most movements. This study supports the use of wearable sensors in combination with ANN for estimating joint reactions in sports applications.

Joint Loading Effect on Kinematics of the Natural Knee During a Range of Simulated Walking Profiles

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fallon Fitzwater ◽  
Kim Cole ◽  
Lorin Maletsky
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Loading Effect ◽  
Minimal Error ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Joint Loads ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The physiological ratio of compression to anterior-posterior (A-P) knee joint loads has substantial effects on the loading of soft tissue structures, patellofemoral loads, and knee kinematics [1, 2]. There is also a direct relationship between resultant kinematics and joint forces. D’lima et al. was also able to compute A-P kinematics at a given flexion angle with minimal error using measured A-P and compressive load acquired from the instrumented tibia [3]. The direction of A-P load measured at the tibia is associated with the direction of translations of the femur relative to the tibia.

Computational Modeling of a Dynamic Knee Simulator for Reproduction of Joint Loading

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent M. Guess ◽  
Lorin P. Maletsky
Keyword(s):  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Joint Loading ◽  
Knee Simulator ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Five Axis ◽  
Five Axes

A three-dimensional dynamic computational model was developed for the dual purposes of predicting and replicating joint loading generated by a five-axis dynamic knee simulator. The model was verified through an analog knee that was constrained for accurate modeling and instrumented to directly measure joint forces. The verified model was then used to generate control profiles to the five axes of the simulator for replication of desired joint loading. Reproduction of a walking profile is demonstrated.

The wing beat of Drosophila Melanogaster . II. Dynamics

1990 ◽  
Vol 327 (1238) ◽  
pp. 19-44 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Interferometry ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Average Force ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Blade Element Theory ◽  
Element Theory ◽  
Blade Element

The wing beat of tiny insects has attracted considerable interest because conventional aerodynamics predicts a reduction of flight efficiency when aerofoils are comparatively small and slow. Here, two approaches are reported by which we investigated the dynamics of the wing beat of tethered flying Drosophila melanogaster . First, the forces acting on the moving wing were calculated from three-dimensional kinematic data, following the blade-element theory which assumes quasi-steady aerodynamics. Under these conditions, the flight force is directed upwards, relative to the longitudinal body axis, during the second half of the downstroke; it is oriented forwards and downwards during the upstroke. The time average of the force generated according to this theory does not correspond to the direction and magnitude of the actual average force of flight. The expected force is directed forwards, along the body’s longitudinal axis, and is too small to keep the fly airborne. Secondly, an attempt is made to measure the timecourse of flight forces by attaching the fly to along the body’s longitudinal axis, and is too small to keep the fly airborne. Secondly, an attempt is made to measure the timecourse of flight forces by attaching the fly to a string, the displacement of which is monitored by means of laser interferometry. A sharp lift-pulse is observed when the wing is rapidly rotated during the ventral reversal of the wing-beat cycle. A second lift maximum of variable strength seems to be associated with the squeeze-peel events during the dorsal reversal. These results support the notion that flight in small insects might be dominated by unsteady mechanisms.

Three-dimensional knee joint loading during seated cycling

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Ruby ◽  
M.L. Hull ◽  
David Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Joint Loading ◽  
Knee Joint Loading

scholarly journals Application of Computational Lower Extremity Model to Investigate Different Muscle Activities and Joint Force Patterns in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients during Walking

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Wook Nha ◽  
Ariunzaya Dorj ◽  
Jun Feng ◽  
Jun Ho Shin ◽  
Jong In Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Inverse Dynamic ◽  
Joint Force ◽  
Joint Contact ◽  
Muscle Activations

Many experimental and computational studies have reported that osteoarthritis in the knee joint affects knee biomechanics, including joint kinematics, joint contact forces, and muscle activities, due to functional restriction and disability. In this study, differences in muscle activities and joint force patterns between knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and normal subjects during walking were investigated using the inverse dynamic analysis with a lower extremity musculoskeletal model. Extensor/flexor muscle activations and torque ratios and the joint contact forces were compared between the OA and normal groups. The OA patients had higher extensor muscle forces and lateral component of the knee joint force than normal subjects as well as force and torque ratios of extensor and flexor muscles, while the other parameters had little differences. The results explained that OA patients increased the level of antagonistic cocontraction and the adduction moment on the knee joint. The presented findings and technologies provide insight into biomechanical changes in OA patients and can also be used to evaluate the postoperative functional outcomes of the OA treatments.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Characteristics on the Lower Extremity of Three Typical Yoga Manoeuvres

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Whissell ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
Jing Xian Li ◽  
Zhen Wei
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Angular Impulse

This study was aimed at exploring the biomechanical characteristics of the lower extremity amongst three typical yoga manoeuvres. A total of thirteen experienced female yoga practitioners were recruited in the current study; they were all certified with the Yoga Alliance. A three-dimensional motion capture system with 10 cameras combined with four synchronised force plates was used to collect kinematics of the lower extremity and ground reactive force whilst the participants performed the crescent lunge pose, warrior II pose, and triangle pose. One-way repeated ANOVA was used in exploring the differences amongst the three yoga movements, and the significance was set to alpha < 0.05 . The triangle pose performed the largest range of motion (ROM) of the hip ( 90.5 ° ± 22.9 ° ), knee ( 68.8 ° ± 23.1 ° ), and ankle ( 46.4 ° ± 11.3 ° ) in the sagittal plane and the hip ( 54.8 ° ± 6.5 ° ), knee ( 42.4 ° ± 12.8 ° ), and ankle ( 4.8 ° ± 1.7 ° ) in the frontal plane amongst the three manoeuvres ( P < 0.05 ). No significant difference was found for the hip and ankle joint moment amongst the three manoeuvres ( P > 0.05 ). Knee joint travelled into 9.5° of extension and slight adduction of 1.94° whilst expressing the largest knee joint adduction moments ( 0.30 ± 0.22   Nm / kg ) in the triangle pose. The distribution of the angular impulse of the lower limb joints indicated that the hip joint contributed significantly the most in the sagittal and frontal planes of the three yoga manoeuvres ( P < 0.05 ), ranging from 51.67% to 70.56%. Results indicated that triangle pose may be superior to the other two manoeuvres, which improved hip joint ROM, strength, and dynamic stability. However, knee injuries such as osteoarthritis (OA) should be considered because of the large knee extensor angle and adductor moments.

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