Effects of Body Weight Modification on Internal Knee Contact Forces During Gait

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison L. Kinney ◽  
Heather K. Vincent ◽  
Melinda K. Harman ◽  
James Coburn ◽  
Darryl D. D’Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Knee Joint Loading ◽  
Knee Load

Obesity is commonly considered a risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis [1]. Previous studies have shown that reductions in body weight correspond to reductions in total knee joint compressive forces (as calculated by inverse dynamics) [2–4]. A recent study showed that external knee load measurements are not strong predictors of internal knee contact forces [5]. Therefore, direct measurement of knee contact force is important for understanding how body weight changes impact knee joint loading. Force-measuring knee implants can directly measure internal knee contact forces [6].

Tibio-Femoral Contact Pressure During Gait

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonis P. Stylianou ◽  
Mohammad Kia ◽  
Trent M. Guess
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Total Knee Replacement ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Ambulatory Activities ◽  
Knee Joint Loading ◽  
The Ideal

Detailed analysis of knee joint loading during ambulatory activities is of utmost importance for improving the design of total knee replacement components and the outcome of the surgical procedures. A dynamic computational model capable of concurrent predictions of muscle, ligament, and articular surface contact forces would be the ideal tool for enhancing our knowledge of these in-vivo loads and for exploring different loading scenarios.

Pre-lambing supplementation of gadic ewes in western Afghanistan

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
I. D. McArthur
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Selective Feeding ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Sheep Production

SummaryA survey of sheep production was undertaken in rangeland areas of western Afghanistan to provide basic information of ewe body-weight changes throughout the year and on production variables, including mortality and lambing performance. Ewes lost up to 31% of body weight between December and March and mortality over the same period was 7%. On the basis of the results of this survey, an experiment was made to test the effect on lambing performance of pre-lambing supplementation of range-based ewes.Supplementation reduced weight losses in ewes, but the feeding treatments did not produce significant results in terms of lamb birth weights or survival to 10 days. However, there were indications that selective feeding of weak ewes can produce economic benefits, given that the costs of supervising such animals are minimal and the price of grain supplements is low relative to the price of meat.

Anti-COVID-19 measures threaten our healthy body weight: Changes in sleep and external synchronizers of circadian clocks during confinement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Baquerizo-Sedano ◽  
J.A. Chaquila ◽  
Luis Aguilar ◽  
J.M. Ordovás ◽  
Pedro González-Muniesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body

scholarly journals Secretogranin II binds to secretogranin III and forms secretory granules with orexin, neuropeptide Y, and POMC

2009 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kikuko Hotta ◽  
Masahiro Hosaka ◽  
Atsushi Tanabe ◽  
Toshiyuki Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Secretogranin Ii

Functional variations in the secretogranin III (SCG3) gene are associated with susceptibility to obesity. SCG3 forms secretory granules with orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and POMC in the hypothalamus. In this study, we screened proteins for SCG3-binding activity and identified secretogranin II (SCG2) using a yeast two-hybrid system. Immunoprecipitation revealed that SCG2 interacts with SCG3. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry indicated that SCG2 was highly expressed in the lateral hypothalamic area, paraventricular nucleus, and arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Double-labeling immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that SCG2 was expressed in orexin-, MCH-, NPY-, and POMC-expressing neurons. SCG2 was also coexpressed with SCG3. Upon introduction into neuroblastoma cells, SCG2 was expressed in the cytosol and formed granule-like structures with SCG3, orexin, NPY, or POMC. SCG3 bound to POMC; however, it did not bind to orexin, MCH, or NPY. By contrast, SCG2 formed aggregates with orexin, MCH, NPY, and POMC. SCG2 may act as a hormone carrier for orexin, MCH, NPY, and POMC by binding with SCG3, which targets proteins to the secretory granules. SCG2 mRNA levels increased along with those of SCG3, orexin, MCH, and NPY after a 24-h fast, suggesting that the SCG2/SCG3 system may respond in an adaptive manner to acute body weight changes. However, this SCG2/SCG3 system appears to be unresponsive to chronic body weight changes, such as diet-induced obesity or obesity in ob/ob mice. We suggest that SCG2, as well as SCG3, may be a potential regulator of food intake based on its capacity to accumulate appetite-related hormones into secretory granules.

Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Wistar albino rats fed processed dehulled jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
O. A. Abu ◽  
O. H. Amusa ◽  
R. O. Atoyebi ◽  
R. A. Kehinde ◽  
F. C. Nworgu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Jack Bean

A total of fifty 3-4 weeks old albino rats of the Wistar strain weighing 50-60g were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design to investigate the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of the rats fed diets containing processed dehulled jack bean. Five diets were formulated to contain casein (T1)-control diet, dehulled jack bean soaked in filtrate obtained from raw pap(T2), dehulled jack bean soaked in lye solution (T3), dehulled jack bean boiled for 15minutes (T4) while a protein free diet served as a negative control (T5). The experiment lasted for 28-days.Dehulled jack bean significantly (P>0.05) influenced the growth parameters measured for the Wistar rats. Rats on control diets had the highest value for all the growth indices, feed intake (210.90g), final body weight (103.40g), body weight changes (41.90g), feed conversion ratio (5.10) and protein efficiency ratio (1.41). Rats on T2 (soaked in ‘ogi’ liquor) had feed intake value of (147.40g), followed by rats on T4 (boiled for 15minutes) (117.00g), T5 (negative control) (119.07) and T3 (soaked in lye solution) (79.40g) respectively. Rats on T4 had the highest value for final body weight (67.80g), body weight changes (6.30g), feed conversion ratio (12.27) and protein efficiency ratio (0.25) while rats on T3 had the lowest value for final body weight (67.80g), body weight changes (-32.45g), total feed intake (79.40g) with FCR of (-0.96) for the tested diets. Wistar rats placed on lye treated diet had depressed body weight changes of 59.8% compared to the control. Digestibility studies however showed that rats on control diets had the highest digestibility value of DM and other nutrients, while there was no significant (P<0.05) difference in digestibility value of CF, significant (P>0.05) differences existed in DM, digestibility value of CP, EE and Ash. Rats on T3 and T5 had the lowest digestibility value for Ash (11.48) and CP (37.66). Rats fed dehulled jack bean seed soaked in ogi liquor and boiled for 15minutes showed slight improvement in growth performance and nutrient utilization over those fed lye soaked jack bean. All the processing methods were ineffective when compared to the performance of rat fed casein based diets.

Functional Evaluation of a Personalized Orthosis for Knee Osteoarthritis - A Motion Capture Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Huber ◽  
Matthew Eschbach ◽  
Kazem Kazerounian ◽  
Horea T. Ilies
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Shock Absorption

Abstract Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease that compromises the cartilage inside the knee joint, resulting in pain and impaired mobility. Bracing is a common treatment, however currently prescribed braces cannot treat bicompartmental knee OA, fail to consider the muscle weakness that typically accompanies the disease, and utilize hinges that restrict the knee's natural biomechanics. We have developed and evaluated a brace which addresses these shortcomings. This process has respected three principal design goals: reducing the load experienced across the entire knee joint, generating a supportive moment to aid the muscles in shock absorption, and interfering minimally with gait kinematics. Load reduction is achieved via the compression of medial and lateral leaf springs, and magnetorheological dampers provide the supportive moment during knee loading. A novel, personalized joint mechanism replaces a traditional hinge to reduce interference with knee kinematics. Using motion capture gait analysis, we evaluated the basic functionality of a prototype device. We calculated, via inverse dynamics analysis, the reaction forces at the knee joint and the moments generated by the leg muscles during gait. Comparing these values between braced and unbraced trials allowed us to evaluate the system's effectiveness. Kinematic measurements showed the extent to which the brace interfered with natural gait characteristics. Of the three design goals: a reduction in knee contact forces was demonstrated; increased shock absorption was observed, but not to statistical significance; and natural gait was largely preserved. The techniques presented in this paper could lead to improved OA treatment through patient-specific braces.

Treated sugarcane bagasse for maintenance of sheep in Brazil

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
A.L. Abdalla ◽  
D.M.S.S. Vitti ◽  
N.L. del Mastro ◽  
M.S. Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Microbial Synthesis ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Wool Production

Several treatments for increasing digestibility of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) have been studied in Brazil for many years (Abdalla et al., 1990). Despite some improvements in in situ digestibility obtained with steam and pressure treatments, the SCB has not performed well when given to cattle (Mello Junior, et al., 1989). More recently, irradiation and ammonia has been tested in studies to improve the digestibility of SCB, rice and corn straw, rice and soybean hulls and others rough feed. The purpose of the present experiment was aimed to determine the intake, body weight changes, wool production and microbial synthesis in sheep fed with grass hay (Cynodon dactilon) or SCB treated with 600kGy of radiation and ammonia (20g/kg dry matter (DM)).

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