Maximal Isometric Muscle Strength and Socioeconomic Status, Health, and Physical Activity in 75-Year-Old Persons

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taina Rantanen ◽  
Pertti Era ◽  
Markku Kauppinen ◽  
Eino Heikkinen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Self Rated Health

This study analyzes the associations of socioeconomic status (SES), health, and physical activity with maximal isometric strength in 75-year-old men (n= 104) and women (n= 191). Maximal isometric strength was measured with dynamometers; the forces were adjusted using body weight. The maximal forces for women varied from 66% (trunk flexion) to 73% (knee extension) of those of the men. SES was not associated with muscle force. For men the trunk forces and elbow flexion force correlated negatively with the number of chronic diseases, index of musculoskeletal pain, and self-rated health. For women all the strength test results correlated with self-rated health; the other health indicators showed significant correlation with trunk extension force only. For both sexes the physically more active exhibited greater strength. The index of musculoskeletal symptoms explained the variance on trunk force factor in both sexes. It was concluded that a higher level of everyday physical activity and good values in the state-of-health indicators were the most important variables explaining greater strength among the elderly.

scholarly journals The effect of self-rated health, subjective socioeconomic status, social capital, and physical activity on life satisfaction: a cross-sectional study in urban western Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Rajabi Gilan ◽  
Mehdi khezeli ◽  
Shirin Zardoshtian
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
College Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Self Rated Health

Abstract Background Life satisfaction is an important component in designing strategies to improve health outcomes in different groups of society. This study aimed to investigate the effect of subjective socioeconomic status (SSS), social capital (SC), self-rated health (SRH), and physical activity (PA) on life satisfaction (LS) in Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1187 people (643 men and 544 women) lived in five western cities in Iran. The sampling method was multistage clustering. Data collection tool was a five part questionnaire including demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status ladder, social capital scale, a question to measure physical activity, and the life satisfaction scale. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one way ANOVA, and Ordinal Logistic Regression. Result Life satisfaction was higher in married men and women compared to single and widows (p < 0.05). Among the variables included in the main model, the significant predictors were college education (− 0.500), marriage (coefficient = 0.422), age 25–34 years (coefficient = − 0.384), SRH (coefficient = 0.477), male sex (coefficient = 0.425), SSS (coefficient = 0.373), trust (coefficient = 0.115), and belonging and empathy (coefficient = 0.064). Conclusion SRH and SSS were significant predictors of life satisfaction in west Iranian society. Being married was associated with higher LS, but college education affects LS adversely.

scholarly journals The Associations Between Socioeconomic Status and Lifestyle Factors in European Adolescents: A Population-based Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Dario Novak ◽  
Štefan Lovro ◽  
Branislav Antala ◽  
Arunas Emeljanovas ◽  
Brigita Mieziene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Self Rated Health

Abstract The main purpose of the present study was to determine the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle factors. In this cross-sectional study, participants were 3,072 adolescents from two European countries of Lithuania and Serbia. The dependent variable was SES, while independent variables were gender, adherence to a Mediterranean diet, body-mass index, self-rated health, psychological distress, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviour. The associations between dependent and independent variables were analysed by using logistic regression analysis. In univariate model, middle/high SES was associated with higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet (ptrend = 0.003), good self-rated health (OR 1.51; 95 % CI 1.12 to 2.05) and meeting recommendations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (OR 2.09; 95 % CI 1.45 to 3.00), yet inversely associated with psychological distress (OR 0.81; 95 % CI 0.66 to 0.99) and sedentary behaviour (OR 0.80; 95 % CI 0.68 to 0.94). No associations were found between SES and bodymass index and gender. In multivariate model, the same associations occurred between middle/high SES and lifestyle factors. In conclusion, special strategies and policies, based on more affordable nutrition and participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, should be implemented within the system.

Effects of Short- and Long-Term Aerobic-Strength Training and Determinants of Walking Speed in the Elderly

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lucia Slobodová ◽  
Ľudmila Oreská ◽  
Martin Schön ◽  
Patrik Krumpolec ◽  
Veronika Tirpáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Minor Effect

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Walking speed (WS) is an objective measure of physical capacity and a modifiable risk factor of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. In this study, we (i) determined effects of 3-month supervised aerobic-strength training on WS, muscle strength, and habitual physical activity; (ii) evaluated capacity of long-term (21 months) training to sustain higher WS; and (iii) identified determinants of WS in the elderly. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Volunteers (F 48/M 14, 68.4 ± 7.1 years) completed either 3-month aerobic-strength (3 × 1 h/week, <i>n</i> = 48) or stretching (active control, <i>n</i> = 14) intervention (study A). Thirty-one individuals (F 24/M 7) from study A continued in supervised aerobic-strength training (2 × 1 h/week, 21 months) and 6 (F 5/M 1) became nonexercising controls. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Three-month aerobic-strength training increased preferred and maximal WS (10-m walk test, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01), muscle strength (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) and torque (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) at knee extension, and 24-h habitual physical activity (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), while stretching increased only preferred WS (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.03). Effect of training on maximal WS was most prominent in individuals with baseline WS between 1.85 and 2.30 m·s<sup>−1</sup>. Maximal WS measured before intervention correlated negatively with age (<i>r</i> = −0.339, <i>p</i> = 0.007), but this correlation was weakened by the intervention (<i>r</i> = −0.238, <i>p</i> = 0.06). WS progressively increased within the first 9 months of aerobic-strength training (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and remained elevated during 21-month intervention (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). Cerebellar gray matter volume (MRI) was positively associated with maximal (<i>r</i> = 0.54; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001) but not preferred WS and explained &#x3e;26% of its variability, while age had only minor effect. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Supervised aerobic-strength training increased WS, strength, and dynamics of voluntary knee extension as well as habitual physical activity in older individuals. Favorable changes in WS were sustainable over the 21-month period by a lower dose of aerobic-strength training. Training effects on WS were not limited by age, and cerebellar cortex volume was the key determinant of WS.

scholarly journals Factors Predicting Physical Activity and Sports Participation in Adolescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Amalie Rullestad ◽  
Eivind Meland ◽  
Thomas Mildestvedt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Student Rated ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
10Th Grade

Physical activity is important for children’s health and wellbeing, yet participation declines across teenage years. It is important to understand the mechanisms that could support adolescents to maintain physical activity participation. The aim of this study was firstly to examine change in sports and nonsports activities over two years during adolescence. Secondly, we explored possible predictors of physical activity and sports participation after two years. Method. A longitudinal cohort study was conducted between 2011 and 2013. Our data were collected from 1225 Norwegian adolescents who were followed over a two-year period, from 6th to 8th grade (11 to 13 years) and from 8th to 10th grade (13 to 15 years). We examined the relations between physical activity and predictors such as peer support, parent support, socioeconomic status (SES), attitude towards physical education, active transportation to school, self-rated health, body image, and change of nonsports activities. We used linear regression analyses and binary logistic regression to explore possible predictors of physical activity and sports participation after two years. Results. We found a significant reduction in sports participation during early adolescence, most pronounced, from 8th to 10th grade (from 13 to 15 years). Factors which predicted physical activity after two years were a positive attitude towards physical education, perceived support from parents, if the student travelled to school in an active way (by walk or bicycle) and also how the student rated his/her own health. The last three factors also predicted improvements of physical activity during the two years. Possible predictors of persisting or starting doing sports were increasing levels of self-rated health, increasing socioeconomic status, whereas increasing engagement in nonsports activities predicted reduced participation in sports. Conclusion. Health promotive efforts aiming at increasing active school transportation, parental support, and subjective health seem important for maintenance of physical activity and sports participation during adolescence. Attitudes may improve by adapting physical education to individual needs and interests and can function as an additional promotive factor.

scholarly journals Health-enhancing physical activity in Germany: findings from a national sample of 24,016 adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Bennie ◽  
Katrien De Cocker ◽  
Susanne Tittlbach
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Guideline Adherence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Physical Activity Guideline ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Physical Activity Guideline Adherence

Abstract Background The German ‘ National Recommendations for Physical Activity and Physical Activity Promotion ’ state that adults (≥18 years) should engage in: [i] ≥150 minutes of aerobic moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity/week (MVPA); and [ii] ≥2 days/week of muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE). However, there is limited research on the adherence to these guidelines among German adults. The present purpose was to describe the prevalence and correlates of physical activity guideline adherence among a nationally representative sample of German adults. Methods Data were drawn from the 2014 German Health Update survey, collected via a combination of web-based and mail surveys. Self-reported physical activity levels were assessed using the previously validated European Health Interview Survey Physical Activity Questionnaire. Weighted prevalence levels of the sample meeting the aerobic MVPA (≥150 minutes/week), MSE (≥2 times/week) and combined MVPA-MSE guidelines were calculated. Poisson regressions were used to assess prevalence ratios for physical activity guideline adherence categories across sociodemographic (age, sex, socioeconomic status) and lifestyle-related (self-rated health, BMI) variables. Results Out of 24,016 participants (response rate = 27.6%), aged ≥18 years, 45.3% (95% CI: 44.5-46.0%), 29.4% (95% CI: 28.7-30.1%) and 22.6% (95% CI: 21.9-23.2%) met the aerobic MVPA, MSE and combined guidelines, respectively. Population sub-groups independently less likely to meet the combined guidelines included those with poor self-rated health, low socioeconomic status and those being overweight or obese. Conclusions As almost 80% of German adults do not meet the nationally recommended aerobic combined MVPA-MSE physical activity guidelines, there is a necessity for large-scale public health interventions promoting both aerobic MVPA and MSE.

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