Few Structural Brain Changes Associated With Moderate-Intensity Interval Training and Low-Intensity Continuous Training in a Randomized Trial of Fitness and Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Renée Martin-Willett ◽  
Jarrod E. Ellingson ◽  
Jill Fries ◽  
Timothy Helmuth ◽  
Hollis Karoly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Condition ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The Right

This study utilized a randomized control trial to examine whether structural changes in the precuneus, insula, caudate, hippocampus, and putamen were related to exercise. A total of 197 healthy older adults with no evidence of dementia participated in moderate-intensity interval training or low-intensity continuous training for 16 weeks. Size decreased in the right hippocampus such that the effect of time was significant but the interaction with condition was not. For the left hippocampus, size decreased in the low-intensity continuous training condition but increased in the moderate-intensity continuous training plus interval training condition at the trend level. Finally, there was a significant time-by-condition interaction such that the thickness of the left insula increased for low-intensity continuous training and decreased for moderate-intensity continuous training plus interval training. Few structural changes were associated with the exercise intervention. Future studies should examine the effects of exercise on brain structure in high-risk or clinical populations for a longer period of time.

scholarly journals High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cognitive Flexibility in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Said Mekari ◽  
Heather F. Neyedli ◽  
Sarah Fraser ◽  
Myles W. O’Brien ◽  
Ricardo Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Introduction: Regular aerobic exercise is associated with better executive function in older adults. It is unclear if high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT) elicits moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or resistance training (RT). We hypothesized that HIIT would augment executive function more than MICT and RT. Methods: Sixty-nine older adults (age: 68 ± 7 years) performed six weeks (three days/week) of HIIT (2 × 20 min bouts alternating between 15 s intervals at 100% of peak power output (PPO) and passive recovery (0% PPO); n = 24), MICT (34 min at 60% PPO; n = 19), or whole-body RT (eight exercise superior improvements in executive function of older adults than moderate-intensity-continuous-training, 2 × 10 repetitions; n = 26). Cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., V˙O2max) and executive function were assessed before and after each intervention via a progressive maximal cycle ergometer protocol and the Stroop Task, respectively. Results: The V˙O2max findings revealed a significant group by time interaction (p = 0.001) in which all groups improved following training, but HIIT and MICT improved more than RT. From pre- to post-training, no interaction in the naming condition of the Stroop Task was observed (p > 0.10). However, interaction from pre- to post-training by group was observed, and only the HIIT group exhibited a faster reaction time (from 1250 ± 50 to 1100 ± 50 ms; p < 0.001) in switching (cognitive flexibility). Conclusion: Despite similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, HIIT, but not MICT nor RT, enhanced cognitive flexibility in older adults. Exercise programs should consider using HIIT protocols in an effort to combat cognitive decline in older adults.

Comparison of High-Intensity Interval Training to Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 798-807
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Keating ◽  
Juan Á. Párraga Montilla ◽  
Pedro Á. Latorre Román ◽  
Rafael Moreno del Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Female Population ◽  
High Intensity Interval

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is emerging as a safe and effective means to combat chronic diseases. The objective of this work was to perform a systematic review of the effect of HIIT interventions in an aging population. Three electronic databases were searched for randomized trials comparing the effect of HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training in older adults. After a thorough screening process, 15 articles were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. All studies expressed a comparable or superior effect of HIIT in cardiorespiratory fitness measures. No studies reported a lessened effect of HIIT in comparison with moderate-intensity continuous training. This systematic review demonstrates that HIIT is a useful exercise regimen, which can be used in older adults to increase cardiorespiratory fitness. More research is needed to determine the effects of HIIT in an aging, predominately female population.

scholarly journals Relativizing effects of high intensity interval training vs continuous moderate

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Nicanor Mello da Silva ◽  
Leony Morgana Galliano ◽  
Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract The production of systematic reviews and meta-analysis increased substantially. In this sense, we highlight those comparing Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT). It is known that meta-analyses of well-conducted studies are considered as a superior level of scientific evidence; therefore, it is relevant to critically analyze all those articles, especially speaking about the absence of differences between MICT and HIIT reported in previous studies. Widely, analyzing studies included in a meta-analysis frequently is possible to identify a lack of crucial information to the understanding of the exercise intervention, and this can skew readers interpretation and may conduct an equivocate comprehension of the results. In meta-analysis regarding the effects of MICT and HIIT in body composition, the relativization of the full length of training time of each intervention is frequently lacking. Data from previously published meta-analysis was reanalyzed, verifying higher relative reductions of body fat percentage to the HIIT group in comparison to the MICT group when considered the duration of interventions. In this sense, we suggest that all meta-analysis about this subject need not only to provide complete analysis in body composition but also consider analysis relativized of time spent training.

Abstract 18329: Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Improves Following Moderate-intensity Continuous Training but not High-intensity Interval Training in Older Men and Postmenopausal Women

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Kyul Kim ◽  
Chueh-Lung Hwang ◽  
Jeung-Ki Yoo ◽  
Moon-Hyon Hwang ◽  
Eileen M Handberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Introduction: Aortic pulse wave velocity (AoPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, increases with age and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. Higher levels of habitual physical activity are associated with reduced AoPWV, but the effect of well-controlled aerobic training interventions in healthy older adults remains unclear. We hypothesized that moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) will both improve AoPWV in healthy older adults. Methods: Thirty five sedentary older men and postmenopausal women, free of overt cardiovascular disease (age, 65±1 yrs, body mass index, 27.7±0.8 kg/m 2 ; systolic and diastolic blood pressures, 116±2 and 69±1 mmHg, respectively; mean±SE) participated in this intervention. Subjects were randomized to MICT (n=13), HIIT (n=12) or non-exercise control group (CONT; n=10). Isocaloric MICT and HIIT were performed on Airdyne bicycles 4 days/week for 8 weeks under supervision. MICT consisted of 47 min of cycling at 70% of maximal heart rate, while HIIT consisted of 40 min of cycling at alternating intensities of 90% and 70% of maximal heart rate. AoPWV, aortic systolic and diastolic blood pressures were evaluated using applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor) before and after the intervention. Results: AoPWV improved by 0.52 m/s in MICT (9.26±0.39 vs. 8.75±0.35 m/s, pre- vs. post-intervention; P<0.05), but did not change in HIIT (9.29±0.29 vs. 9.16±0.38 m/s, P>0.05) or CONT (8.82±0.75 vs. 9.26±0.70 m/s, P>0.05). Aortic systolic blood pressure (MICT: 106±2 vs. 107±3 mmHg; HIIT: 115±3 vs. 113±4 mmHg; CONT: 109±5 vs. 110±4 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (MICT: 69±2 vs. 69±2 mmHg; HIIT: 70±2 vs. 70±2 mmHg; CONT: 68±2 vs. 69±2 mmHg) did not change with the intervention (P>0.05). Body mass index remained unchanged in all groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: MICT Airdyne exercise leads to arterial destiffening, however, HIIT does not lead to improved arterial stiffness in healthy older men and postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Effects of Three Different Exercise Strategies for Optimizing Aerobic Capacity and Skeletal Muscle Performance in Older Adults: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
D. Tavoian ◽  
D.W. Russ ◽  
T.D. Law ◽  
J.E. Simon ◽  
P.J. Chase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

This Brief Report describes a pilot study of the effect of 12 weeks of stationary bicycle high-intensity interval training, stationary bicycle moderate-intensity continuous training, and resistance training on cardiorespiratory, muscular, and physical function measures in insufficiently-active older adults (N=14; 66.4±3.9 years; 3 male, 11 female). After baseline testing, participants were randomly assigned to one of the exercise groups. High-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training had small-to-large effect sizes on cardiorespiratory/endurance and physical function measures, but very small effect sizes on muscular measures. Resistance training had small-to-large effect sizes on cardiorespiratory, muscular, and physical function measures. This pilot study should be interpreted cautiously, but findings suggest that resistance exercise may be the most effective of the three studied exercise strategies for older adults as it can induce beneficial adaptations across multiple domains. These effect sizes can be used to determine optimal sample sizes for future investigations.

scholarly journals Total Transcriptome Responses to Low and Higher Intensity Aerobic Exercise Interventions in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 688-688
Author(s):  
Meghan Smith ◽  
Gabriella McWilliams ◽  
Angela Bryan ◽  
Douglas Seals ◽  
Thomas LaRocca
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Low Intensity

Abstract Aerobic exercise is a universally recommended strategy for increasing healthspan, and recent advances in next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics (e.g., RNA-seq/transcriptomics) have made it possible to broadly profile the molecular transducers of exercise. However, most transcriptome studies of exercise have focused on coding genes only, and the transcriptomic response to different exercise interventions has not been characterized by RNA-seq in older adults. Therefore, we performed total RNA-seq (to capture both coding and non-coding gene expression) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from healthy, previously sedentary older adults (males and females, aged 70 ± 1 years). Samples were collected before and after 16 weeks of either low-intensity continuous training (LICT, 50% maximum heart rate, 3 x 30 min/week) or moderate-intensity continuous training plus interval training (MICT+IT, 60-80% maximum heart rate, progressively increased to include IT, 3 x 30 min/week). We found that both interventions modified biological processes (transcriptome modules) related to oxygen transport and reduced inflammatory signaling/immune activation processes (more pronounced with LICT). Interestingly, transcriptome changes unique to LICT subjects included increased expression of genes linked with vascularization and endothelial cell migration, whereas MICT+IT was uniquely associated with a robust increase in antioxidant response gene expression. We also observed numerous changes in long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs that could be linked with these exercise-associated gene expression changes with both interventions. These data provide a first comprehensive look into transcriptomic changes associated with moderate vs. low intensity aerobic exercise in older adults, and they suggest distinct benefits of each exercise strategy.

scholarly journals The influence of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on sedentary time in overweight and obese adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean F. Nugent ◽  
Mary E. Jung ◽  
Jessica E. Bourne ◽  
Jason Loeppky ◽  
Abigail Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) elicits health benefits but it is unclear how HIIT impacts sedentary behaviour. In this preliminary study, we compared the effects of supervised HIIT or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on sedentary time in overweight/obese adults. In both groups, percentage of time spent in sedentary activities was significantly reduced during the supervised exercise intervention (time main effect, P = 0.03), suggesting that both HIIT and MICT replaced time spent previously being sedentary.

scholarly journals HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING AND MODERATE-INTENSITY CONTINUOUS TRAINING EFFECTS IN OBESE OLDER ADULTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
L Carvalho ◽  
M Dulac ◽  
G El Hajj-Boutros ◽  
V Marcangeli ◽  
P Noirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval
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