scholarly journals Total Transcriptome Responses to Low and Higher Intensity Aerobic Exercise Interventions in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 688-688
Author(s):  
Meghan Smith ◽  
Gabriella McWilliams ◽  
Angela Bryan ◽  
Douglas Seals ◽  
Thomas LaRocca
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Low Intensity

Abstract Aerobic exercise is a universally recommended strategy for increasing healthspan, and recent advances in next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics (e.g., RNA-seq/transcriptomics) have made it possible to broadly profile the molecular transducers of exercise. However, most transcriptome studies of exercise have focused on coding genes only, and the transcriptomic response to different exercise interventions has not been characterized by RNA-seq in older adults. Therefore, we performed total RNA-seq (to capture both coding and non-coding gene expression) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from healthy, previously sedentary older adults (males and females, aged 70 ± 1 years). Samples were collected before and after 16 weeks of either low-intensity continuous training (LICT, 50% maximum heart rate, 3 x 30 min/week) or moderate-intensity continuous training plus interval training (MICT+IT, 60-80% maximum heart rate, progressively increased to include IT, 3 x 30 min/week). We found that both interventions modified biological processes (transcriptome modules) related to oxygen transport and reduced inflammatory signaling/immune activation processes (more pronounced with LICT). Interestingly, transcriptome changes unique to LICT subjects included increased expression of genes linked with vascularization and endothelial cell migration, whereas MICT+IT was uniquely associated with a robust increase in antioxidant response gene expression. We also observed numerous changes in long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs that could be linked with these exercise-associated gene expression changes with both interventions. These data provide a first comprehensive look into transcriptomic changes associated with moderate vs. low intensity aerobic exercise in older adults, and they suggest distinct benefits of each exercise strategy.

Few Structural Brain Changes Associated With Moderate-Intensity Interval Training and Low-Intensity Continuous Training in a Randomized Trial of Fitness and Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Renée Martin-Willett ◽  
Jarrod E. Ellingson ◽  
Jill Fries ◽  
Timothy Helmuth ◽  
Hollis Karoly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Condition ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The Right

This study utilized a randomized control trial to examine whether structural changes in the precuneus, insula, caudate, hippocampus, and putamen were related to exercise. A total of 197 healthy older adults with no evidence of dementia participated in moderate-intensity interval training or low-intensity continuous training for 16 weeks. Size decreased in the right hippocampus such that the effect of time was significant but the interaction with condition was not. For the left hippocampus, size decreased in the low-intensity continuous training condition but increased in the moderate-intensity continuous training plus interval training condition at the trend level. Finally, there was a significant time-by-condition interaction such that the thickness of the left insula increased for low-intensity continuous training and decreased for moderate-intensity continuous training plus interval training. Few structural changes were associated with the exercise intervention. Future studies should examine the effects of exercise on brain structure in high-risk or clinical populations for a longer period of time.

scholarly journals The Effects of Acute and Chronic Aerobic Activity on the Signaling Pathway of the Inflammasome NLRP3 Complex in Young Men

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Khakroo Abkenar ◽  
Farhad Rahmani-nia ◽  
Giovanni Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
High Group ◽  
Nlrp3 Gene

Background and Objectives: The results of the studies show that the intensity and volume of aerobic exercise activity produce different responses of the immune system. This study aims to show how the signaling pathway of the inflammatory NLRP3 complex is influenced by the acute and chronic effects of moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercises in young men. Materials and Methods: Accordingly, 60 healthy (BMI = 23.56 ± 2.67) young (24.4 ± 0.4) students volunteered to participate in the study that was randomly divided into two experimental (n = 20) groups and one control (n = 20) group. The training protocol started with two intensity levels of 50% for a moderate group and 70% of maximum heart rate for high group for 30 min and then continued until reaching 70% (moderate group) and 90% (high group) of the maximum heart rate, respectively. Using Real Time-PCR method, the expression of NLRP3 gene and ELISA- were measured by IL-1β, IL-18. Results: The results showed that acute aerobic exercise with moderate intensity had no significant effect on the expression of NLRP3 gene and serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines (p > 0.05) when acute exercise, with high intensity, begins an initiation of the activity of the inflammatory complex with elevated serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and NLRP3 gene expression (p < 0.05). In addition, chronic exercise with moderate intensity significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3 gene and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 cytokines (p < 0.05). In the case of chronic exercise with high intensity, a significant increase in expression of gene, NLRP3 and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 cytokines were observed (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Generally, it can be concluded that chronic exercise with moderate intensity is effective in decreasing the expression of the inflammasome and inflammation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Low and Moderate Exercise on Hyperuricemia: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuning Hou ◽  
Renyan Ma ◽  
Song Gao ◽  
Keneilwe Kenny Kaudimba ◽  
Hongmei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

BackgroundHyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disease by purine metabolism disorders. It is a risk factor for many chronic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Studies have shown that exercise can effectively reduce serum uric acid (SUA), but the optimal exercise dose, intensity, and mode of exercise for improving HUA have not been verified in clinical studies. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effect of different exercise intensities in improving SUA of patients with HUA.Methods and AnalysisA randomized, single-blind, parallel controlled trial will be conducted in this study. 186 HUA patients who meet the inclusion criteria will be randomly divided into a 1:1:1 ratio (1): control group (2), low-intensity exercise group (brisk walking, 57-63% maximum heart rate, 150 min/week, 12 months), and (3) moderate-intensity exercise group (jogging, 64-76% maximum heart rate, 150 min/week, 12 months). The three groups of subjects will receive the same health education and prohibition of high-purine diet during the intervention period. The primary outcomes will be SUA concentration, SUA concentration change (mg/dL), SUA change rate (%), and the proportion of HUA patients. Secondary outcomes will include anthropometric parameters (body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI); physiological indicators (blood pressure, grip, vital capacity, maximum oxygen); biochemical indicators (blood lipid, blood sugar, liver enzyme, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen). Each group of patients will go through an assessment at baseline, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months.DiscussionThis study will evaluate the effect of 12-month low-intensity exercise and moderate-intensity exercise on HUA patients. We hypothesize that both low-intensity and moderate-intensity exercise would improve HUA as compared with no-exercise control, and that moderate-intensity exercise would be more effective than low-intensity exercise in improving HUA. These results can provide a basis for the current physical activity guidelines for HUA’s healthy lifestyle management.Ethics and DisseminationThis study has been approved by the Ethical Review Committee of the Shanghai University of Sport (approval number: 102772020RT005). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants or their guardians. The authors intend to submit the study findings to peer-reviewed journals or academic conferences to be published.Clinical Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, identifier ChiCTR2100042643.

scholarly journals Neutrophil and Monocyte Bactericidal Responses to 10 Weeks of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval or Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Sedentary Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Bartlett ◽  
Sam O. Shepherd ◽  
Oliver J. Wilson ◽  
Ahmed M. Adlan ◽  
Anton J. M. Wagenmakers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Oxidative Burst ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Time Commitment ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Neutrophils and monocytes are key components of the innate immune system that undergo age-associated declines in function. This study compared the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on immune function in sedentary adults. Twenty-seven (43 ± 11 years) healthy sedentary adults were randomized into ten weeks of either a HIIT (>90% maximum heart rate) or MICT (70% maximum heart rate) group training program. Aerobic capacity (VO2peak), neutrophil and monocyte bacterial phagocytosis and oxidative burst, cell surface receptor expression, and systemic inflammation were measured before and after the training. Total exercise time commitment was 57% less for HIIT compared to that for MICT while both significantly improved VO2peaksimilarly. Neutrophil phagocytosis and oxidative burst and monocyte phagocytosis and percentage of monocytes producing an oxidative burst were improved by training similarly in both groups. Expression of monocyte but not neutrophil CD16, TLR2, and TLR4 was reduced by training similarly in both groups. No differences in systemic inflammation were observed for training; however, leptin was reduced in the MICT group only. With similar immune-enhancing effects for HIIT compared to those for MICT at 50% of the time commitment, our results support HIIT as a time efficient exercise option to improve neutrophil and monocyte function.

scholarly journals Exercise Strategies for Optimizing Aerobic Capacity and Skeletal Muscle Performance in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 528-528
Author(s):  
Dallin Tavoian ◽  
David Russ ◽  
Brian Clark
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Comparable Amount ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Type Of Exercise

Abstract Most older adults do not exercise regularly. Among those who do, the majority only perform one type of exercise, and— as such— are either not getting the benefits of endurance exercise or resistance exercise. The aim of this pilot study was to determine which standalone exercise strategy has the greatest effect on both cardiorespiratory and lower-extremity muscular function in insufficiently active older adults 60 to 75 years of age (N = 14). Participants were randomly assigned to either resistance training (RT, n=5), moderate intensity continuous training on a stationary bicycle (MICT, n=4), or high-intensity interval training on a stationary bicycle (HIIT, n=5) for supervised exercise sessions three times per week for 12 weeks. Maximal oxygen consumption increased a comparable amount in all groups (11.9±11.2% for HIIT vs. 8.0±14.8% for MICT vs 9.8±5.7% for RT). Leg extensor power did not change in the HIIT group (-0.34±5.2%), but increased by 5.2±9.7% in the MICT group and 14.5±26.1% in the RT group. Leg extensor strength decreased by 1.7±22.1% in the HIIT group and 0.6±6.4% in the MICT group, but increased by 27.3±21.2% in the RT group. These findings demonstrate that RT results in improved lower-extremity strength and power, as well as improvements in maximal aerobic capacity comparable to MICT and HIIT in older adults. Thus, RT should be promoted as an essential exercise strategy for older adults, particularly for individuals who are inactive or that are only performing one type of exercise regularly.

scholarly journals Cognitive Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fang Yu ◽  
David M. Vock ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Dereck Salisbury ◽  
Nathaniel W. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background: Aerobic exercise has shown inconsistent cognitive effects in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. Objective: To examine the immediate and longitudinal effects of 6-month cycling on cognition in older adults with AD dementia. Methods: This randomized controlled trial randomized 96 participants (64 to cycling and 32 to stretching for six months) and followed them for another six months. The intervention was supervised, moderate-intensity cycling for 20–50 minutes, 3 times a week for six months. The control was light-intensity stretching. Cognition was assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months using the AD Assessment Scale-Cognition (ADAS-Cog). Discrete cognitive domains were measured using the AD Uniform Data Set battery. Results: The participants were 77.4±6.8 years old with 15.6±2.9 years of education, and 55%were male. The 6-month change in ADAS-Cog was 1.0±4.6 (cycling) and 0.1±4.1 (stretching), which were both significantly less than the natural 3.2±6.3-point increase observed naturally with disease progression. The 12-month change was 2.4±5.2 (cycling) and 2.2±5.7 (control). ADAS-Cog did not differ between groups at 6 (p = 0.386) and 12 months (p = 0.856). There were no differences in the 12-month rate of change in ADAS-Cog (0.192 versus 0.197, p = 0.967), memory (–0.012 versus –0.019, p = 0.373), executive function (–0.020 versus –0.012, p = 0.383), attention (–0.035 versus –0.033, p = 0.908), or language (–0.028 versus –0.026, p = 0.756). Conclusion: Exercise may reduce decline in global cognition in older adults with mild-to-moderate AD dementia. Aerobic exercise did not show superior cognitive effects to stretching in our pilot trial, possibly due to the lack of power.

scholarly journals Increased proinflammatory and oxidant gene expression in circulating mononuclear cells in older adults: amelioration by habitual exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (14) ◽  
pp. 895-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey B. Gano ◽  
Anthony J. Donato ◽  
Gary L. Pierce ◽  
Hamza M. Pasha ◽  
Katherine A. Magerko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1

We tested the hypothesis that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of older adults demonstrate a proinflammatory/-oxidative gene expression profile that can be improved by regular aerobic exercise. PBMC were isolated from young ( n = 25, 18–33 yr) and middle-aged/older ( n = 40, 50–76 yr) healthy adults. The older adults had greater mRNA expression (real-time RT-PCR) of the proinflammatory/-oxidant transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (1.58-fold, P < 0.05) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (1.12-fold, P < 0.05), the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (1.90-fold, P < 0.05) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (1.47-fold, P < 0.05), and the oxidant-producing enzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (0.91-fold, P < 0.05) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (2.60-fold, P < 0.05). In 11 subjects (58–70 yr), maximal oxygen consumption (+11%) and exercise time (+19%) were increased (both P < 0.001), and expression of the above proinflammatory/-oxidative genes was or tended to be decreased in PBMC after vs. before 2 mo of aerobic exercise (brisk walking ∼6 days/wk, 50 min/day, 70% of maximal heart rate). Expression of interleukin-6 was not different with age or exercise intervention. Age group- and exercise intervention-related differences in gene expression were independent of other factors. PBMC of healthy older adults demonstrate increased expression of several genes associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which is largely ameliorated by habitual aerobic exercise. This proinflammatory/-oxidative gene signature may represent a therapeutic target for lifestyle and pharmacological prevention and treatment strategies.

scholarly journals The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Heart Rate Variability in Physically Inactive Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alansare ◽  
Ken Alford ◽  
Sukho Lee ◽  
Tommie Church ◽  
Hyun Jung
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Physically Inactive

Physically inactive adults are prevalent worldwide. This study compared the effects of short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on heart rate variability (HRV) in physically inactive adults as a preliminary study. Thirteen physically inactive male adults (27.5 ± 3.80 years) were randomly assigned to HIIT (N = 7) or MICT (N = 6). The HIIT program consisted of 20 min of interval training with cycling to rest ratio of 10/50 s at ≥90% HRpeak, while the MICT program consisted of 40 min of continuous cycling at 60–75% HRpeak. Both groups completed eight sessions of training within two weeks. Time and frequency domains of HRV were measured for 20 min with Actiwave-Cardio monitor (CamNtech, UK). The number of R-R interval and inter-beat interval (IBI) were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in both HIIT and MICT programs following eight sessions of training. A significant interaction effect for group by time was found in the lnLF/HF ratio (p < 0.05) where it was only improved in the HIIT group from pre- to post-test. The HIIT program is superior to MICT in improving HRV in physically inactive adults. The HIIT program can be applied as a time-efficient program for improving cardiac-autoregulation.

scholarly journals Efek Latihan Intensitas Rendah dan Sedang Terhadap Lemak pada Overweight

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Rizky Sota Dyaksa
Keyword(s):  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Low Intensity

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Low Intensity Continuous Training (LICT) dan Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) terhadap penurunan kandungan lemak tubuh (FM) dan peningkatan asam lemak bebas (FFA) pada perempuan overweight. Metode, 18 subjek penelitian menyelesaikan 4x/minggu latihan LICT atau MICT selama 5 minggu. LICT dan MICT dilakukan selama 30 menit dengan tambahan waktu 5 menit pemanasan dan 5 menit pendinginan dengan intensitas LICT 60%-70% dan MICT 70%-80% dari HR maksimal dimana kedua jenis latihan tersebut menggunakan ergocycle sedangkan pengukuran FM dan FFA diukur sebelum dan sesudah latihan. Hasil. Pada kelompok LICT terjadi signifakan pada lemak tubuh dan asam lemak bebas dengan tingkat signifikan < 0,05 serta pada kelompok MICT juga mengalami signifikan pada lemak tubuh dan asam lemak bebas dengan tingkat signifikan < 0,05. Pada perbandingan kedua kelompok antara LICT dan MICT secara deskriptif mengalami peningkatan akan tetapi hasil dari analisis tidak ada perbedaan antara kedua kelompok dengan nilai ∆FM (p = 0.120) dan ∆FFA (p = 0.131) yang mana nilai tersebut > 0.05. Kesimpulan. Latihan ini bisa digunakan sebagai penekanan terjadinya overweight di Indonesia dengan pengaturan jadwal latihan lagi..  Kata kunci—Lemak; Asam Lemak bebas; intensitas; Overweight

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