scholarly journals High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cognitive Flexibility in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Said Mekari ◽  
Heather F. Neyedli ◽  
Sarah Fraser ◽  
Myles W. O’Brien ◽  
Ricardo Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Introduction: Regular aerobic exercise is associated with better executive function in older adults. It is unclear if high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT) elicits moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or resistance training (RT). We hypothesized that HIIT would augment executive function more than MICT and RT. Methods: Sixty-nine older adults (age: 68 ± 7 years) performed six weeks (three days/week) of HIIT (2 × 20 min bouts alternating between 15 s intervals at 100% of peak power output (PPO) and passive recovery (0% PPO); n = 24), MICT (34 min at 60% PPO; n = 19), or whole-body RT (eight exercise superior improvements in executive function of older adults than moderate-intensity-continuous-training, 2 × 10 repetitions; n = 26). Cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., V˙O2max) and executive function were assessed before and after each intervention via a progressive maximal cycle ergometer protocol and the Stroop Task, respectively. Results: The V˙O2max findings revealed a significant group by time interaction (p = 0.001) in which all groups improved following training, but HIIT and MICT improved more than RT. From pre- to post-training, no interaction in the naming condition of the Stroop Task was observed (p > 0.10). However, interaction from pre- to post-training by group was observed, and only the HIIT group exhibited a faster reaction time (from 1250 ± 50 to 1100 ± 50 ms; p < 0.001) in switching (cognitive flexibility). Conclusion: Despite similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, HIIT, but not MICT nor RT, enhanced cognitive flexibility in older adults. Exercise programs should consider using HIIT protocols in an effort to combat cognitive decline in older adults.

Comparison of High-Intensity Interval Training to Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 798-807
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Keating ◽  
Juan Á. Párraga Montilla ◽  
Pedro Á. Latorre Román ◽  
Rafael Moreno del Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Female Population ◽  
High Intensity Interval

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is emerging as a safe and effective means to combat chronic diseases. The objective of this work was to perform a systematic review of the effect of HIIT interventions in an aging population. Three electronic databases were searched for randomized trials comparing the effect of HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training in older adults. After a thorough screening process, 15 articles were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. All studies expressed a comparable or superior effect of HIIT in cardiorespiratory fitness measures. No studies reported a lessened effect of HIIT in comparison with moderate-intensity continuous training. This systematic review demonstrates that HIIT is a useful exercise regimen, which can be used in older adults to increase cardiorespiratory fitness. More research is needed to determine the effects of HIIT in an aging, predominately female population.

scholarly journals Effects of Three Different Exercise Strategies for Optimizing Aerobic Capacity and Skeletal Muscle Performance in Older Adults: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
D. Tavoian ◽  
D.W. Russ ◽  
T.D. Law ◽  
J.E. Simon ◽  
P.J. Chase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

This Brief Report describes a pilot study of the effect of 12 weeks of stationary bicycle high-intensity interval training, stationary bicycle moderate-intensity continuous training, and resistance training on cardiorespiratory, muscular, and physical function measures in insufficiently-active older adults (N=14; 66.4±3.9 years; 3 male, 11 female). After baseline testing, participants were randomly assigned to one of the exercise groups. High-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training had small-to-large effect sizes on cardiorespiratory/endurance and physical function measures, but very small effect sizes on muscular measures. Resistance training had small-to-large effect sizes on cardiorespiratory, muscular, and physical function measures. This pilot study should be interpreted cautiously, but findings suggest that resistance exercise may be the most effective of the three studied exercise strategies for older adults as it can induce beneficial adaptations across multiple domains. These effect sizes can be used to determine optimal sample sizes for future investigations.

scholarly journals Effect of Cycle-Based High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate to Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Adolescent Soccer Players

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1628
Author(s):  
Bin Fang ◽  
Yonghwan Kim ◽  
Moonyoung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Cardiorespiratory fitness, anaerobic power, and lower extremity strength are essential for soccer players at all levels. An effective program should be developed to improve physical strength for adolescent soccer players who need to combine academic and technical training. This study analyzed the impact of short-term high intensity interval training (HIIT) training and traditional moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on adolescent soccer players. Participants included 56 adolescent soccer players who were divided into HIIT and MICT groups. The training program was conducted 3 times a week for 4 weeks using cycle ergometer. Each session included the same resistance training program, and the characteristics of HIIT and MICT were applied to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and anaerobic power. Body composition analysis, graded exercise test for peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), Wingate anaerobic power test, and isokinetic knee strength test were performed. VO2 peak was improved in HIIT and MICT, but anaerobic threshold and heart rate recovery significantly improved in the HIIT group. Wingate anaerobic peak power had increased significantly in sets 1, 2, and 3 in the HIIT group, but showed significant improvement only in set 1 in the MICT group. The isokinetic strength improved significantly in the HIIT group at 60°/s and in the MICT group at 240°/s. There was no significant change in body composition in either group. In conclusion, short-term HIIT administered to adolescent soccer players effectively improved cardiorespiratory fitness in HIIT and MICT groups. While HIIT increased anaerobic threshold and power, MICT effectively improved muscle endurance. Short-term intensive training can be considered a time-efficient training strategy.

scholarly journals HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING AND MODERATE-INTENSITY CONTINUOUS TRAINING EFFECTS IN OBESE OLDER ADULTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
L Carvalho ◽  
M Dulac ◽  
G El Hajj-Boutros ◽  
V Marcangeli ◽  
P Noirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

scholarly journals The Benefits of High-Intensity Interval Training on Cognition and Blood Pressure in Older Adults With Hypertension and Subjective Cognitive Decline: Results From the Heart & Mind Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narlon C. Boa Sorte Silva ◽  
Andrea F. M. Petrella ◽  
Nathan Christopher ◽  
Catherine F. S. Marriott ◽  
Dawn P. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Background: The impact of exercise on cognition in older adults with hypertension and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is unclear.Objectives: We determined the influence of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with mind-motor training on cognition and systolic blood pressure (BP) in older adults with hypertension and SCD.Methods: We randomized 128 community-dwelling older adults [age mean (SD): 71.1 (6.7), 47.7% females] with history of hypertension and SCD to either HIIT or a moderate-intensity continuous training (MCT) group. Both groups received 15 min of mind-motor training followed by 45 min of either HIIT or MCT. Participants exercised in total 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 6 months. We assessed changes in global cognitive functioning (GCF), Trail-Making Test (TMT), systolic and diastolic BP, and cardiorespiratory fitness.Results: Participants in both groups improved diastolic BP [F(1, 87.32) = 4.392, p = 0.039], with greatest effect within the HIIT group [estimated mean change (95% CI): −2.64 mmHg, (−4.79 to −0.48), p = 0.017], but no between-group differences were noted (p = 0.17). Both groups also improved cardiorespiratory fitness [F(1, 69) = 34.795, p &lt; 0.001], and TMT A [F(1, 81.51) = 26.871, p &lt; 0.001] and B [F(1, 79.49) = 23.107, p &lt; 0.001]. There were, however, no within- or between-group differences in GCF and systolic BP at follow-up.Conclusion: Despite improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise of high- or moderate-intensity, combined with mind-motor training, did not improve GCF or systolic BP in individuals with hypertension and SCD.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03545958).

scholarly journals High-intensity interval training in haemodialysis patients: a pilot randomised controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Blakstad Nilsson ◽  
Heidi Bunæs-Næss ◽  
Elisabeth Edvardsen ◽  
Aud-Eldrid Stenehjem
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

ObjectivesPatients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing haemodialysis (HD) have significantly reduced cardiorespiratory fitness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Our hypothesis was that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a feasible and safe form of exercise during HD and that HIIT would elicit greater change in cardiorespiratory fitness and HRQoL compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT).MethodsTwenty patients were randomised to either HIIT (n=6), MICT (n=8) (two times a week within 22 weeks) or usual care (n=6). Feasibility was assessed by session attendance and adherence to exercise intensity. Safety was assessed by adverse event reporting. Efficacy was determined from change in peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), 6 min walk distance and a HRQoL questionnaire (the COOP-WONCA chart).ResultsEleven patients (55%) completed premeasurements and postmeasurements. The main reason for drop-out was due to kidney transplant during follow-up. The patients completed the same number of sessions in each group and adhered to the target heart rates after habituation. There were no adverse events. In the HIIT group, two of the three patients increased VO2peak by 46% and 53%, respectively. Three of the five patients in the MICT group increased their VO2peak by 6%, 18% and 36%, respectively.ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrated that HIIT is a feasible and safe exercise model for intradialytic exercise in patients undergoing HD. There might be a considerable potential of intradialytic HIIT in patients undergoing HD. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to determine if HIIT is an optimal approach in patients with ESRD undergoing HD.Trial registration numberNCT01728415.

Effects of Different Exercise Training Programs on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Overweight/Obese Adults With Hypertension: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Jurio-Iriarte ◽  
Sara Maldonado-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The goal of the study was to compare the effects of two supervised aerobic exercise programs (moderate-intensity continuous training [MICT] vs. high-intensity interval training [HIIT]) after 8-, 12-, and 16-week intervention periods on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in overweight/obese adults diagnosed with hypertension. Participants ( N = 64) were divided into three intervention cohorts (control group [CG], MICT, and HIIT) and each of these, in turn, into three intervention length cohorts (8, 12, and 16 weeks). Supervised groups exercised twice a week. There were no statistical changes in postintervention periods in CG ( g < 0.1). CRF as assessed by peak oxygen uptake (mL kg−1·min−1) increased ( p < .001) in exercise groups (MICT, 3.8 ± 3.3, g = 0.6; HIIT, 4.2 ± 4.7, g = 0.7). The effect of exercise interventions compared with CG was substantial ( p < .02, g > .8) and mostly consequence of HIIT-related effects. The improvements on CRF occurred after 12 and 16 weeks in exercise interventions, rather than in the 8-week group or CG, where Hedges’s g index indicated small effect. This study may suggest that both MICT and HIIT exert cardioprotector effects on hypertension in the overweight/obese population. However, short-term training duration (<12 weeks) does not seem to improve CRF, and HIIT intervention might generate higher aerobic capacity, which seems to grow as intervention lengthens.

scholarly journals Effects of 5 Years Aerobic Exercise on Cognition in Older Adults: The Generation 100 Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Zotcheva ◽  
Asta Kristine Håberg ◽  
Ulrik Wisløff ◽  
Øyvind Salvesen ◽  
Geir Selbæk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to investigate whether a 5-year exercise intervention and change in peak oxygen uptake ($$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$ V O 2 peak ) is associated with cognitive function in older adults. Methods Nine hundred and forty-five participants (48% women, mean age at study end 78.2 ± 2.02 years) from the Generation 100 Study were randomized 2:1:1 to a control group, moderate-intensity continuous training or high-intensity interval training twice weekly for 5 years. Peak oxygen uptake was measured using ergospirometry at baseline and after 5 years. Global cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA) after 5 years. Results Compared to the control group, the combined moderate-intensity continuous training plus high-intensity interval training (ExComb) group did not have significantly different cognitive scores (beta value 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.17, 0.69) or odds of MCI (odds ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.66, 1.13). Men in the ExComb group had 0.80 points higher MoCA (95% CI 0.21, 1.40) and 32% lower odds of MCI compared with male controls (95% CI 0.47, 0.99), with no such findings in women. In the total sample, each 1 metabolic equivalent of task increase in $$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$ V O 2 peak corresponded to 0.46 points higher MoCA (95% CI 0.25, 0.67) and 27% lower odds of MCI (95% CI 0.63, 0.85). Compared to $$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$ V O 2 peak stable, participants whose $$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$ V O 2 peak increased did not have significantly different cognitive scores (beta value 0.24, CI − 0.68, 1.15) or odds of MCI (odds ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.36, 1.34), whereas participants whose $$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$ V O 2 peak decreased had 0.64 points lower MoCA (95% CI − 1.15, − 0.14) and 35% higher odds of MCI (95% CI 0.98, 1.87). Conclusions Overall, exercise was not significantly associated with cognition among older adults. However, maintaining or increasing $$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$ V O 2 peak appeared to benefit cognition. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01666340.

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