Introducing 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years: A New Paradigm Gaining Momentum

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World Health ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Emerging research shows that the composition of movement behaviors throughout the day (physical activities, sedentary behaviors, sleep) is related to indicators of health, suggesting previous research that isolated single movement behaviors maybe incomplete, misleading, and/or unnecessarily constrained. Methods: This brief report summarizes evidence to support a 24-hour movement behavior paradigm and efforts to date by a variety of jurisdictions to consult, develop, release, promote, and study 24-hour movement guidelines. It also introduces and summarizes the accompanying series of articles related specifically to 24-hour movement guidelines for the early years. Results: Using robust and transparent processes, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the World Health Organization have developed and released 24-hour movement guidelines for the early years: an integration of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. Other countries are exploring a similar approach and related research is expanding rapidly. Articles related to guideline development in South Africa, the United Kingdom, Australia, and by the World Health Organization are a part of this special series. Conclusions: A new paradigm employing 24-hour movement guidelines for the early years that combines recommendations for movement behaviors across the whole day is gaining momentum across the globe.

Epidemology: The role of the World Health Organization in the study of influenza

1980 ◽  
Vol 288 (1029) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World Health ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
The World ◽  
Pandemic Strains ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (W.H.O.), since its inception in 1947, has given close attention to influenza. In its early years W.H.O. laid the foundations of its present network of over 100 national influenza centres and collaborating laboratories which today constitute the backbone of its influenza activities. The activities of the network include the isolation and characterization of influenza strains and the early notification of any changes in surface antigens, the preparation of reference reagents, standardization of diagnostic procedures, formulation of requirements for vaccines, training, and collaboration in research. The efficacy of the network has been proved in the 1957, 1968 and 1977 epidemics. Collaborative research organized by W.H.O. has made important contributions to our understanding of the epidemiology of influenza, including the possible role of lower animals as the origin of some pandemic strains. The latter subject is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Hypertension Pharmacological Treatment in Adults: A World Health Organization Guideline Executive Summary

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Al-Makki ◽  
Donald DiPette ◽  
Paul K. Whelton ◽  
M. Hassan Murad ◽  
Reem A. Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and deaths worldwide especially in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the availability of safe, well-tolerated, and cost-effective blood pressure (BP)-lowering therapies, <14% of adults with hypertension have BP controlled to a systolic/diastolic BP <140/90 mm Hg. We report new hypertension treatment guidelines, developed in accordance with the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development. Overviews of reviews of the evidence were conducted and summary tables were developed according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach. In these guidelines, the World Health Organization provides the most current and relevant evidence-based guidance for the pharmacological treatment of nonpregnant adults with hypertension. The recommendations pertain to adults with an accurate diagnosis of hypertension who have already received lifestyle modification counseling. The guidelines recommend BP threshold to initiate pharmacological therapy, BP treatment targets, intervals for follow-up visits, and best use of health care workers in the management of hypertension. The guidelines provide guidance for choice of monotherapy or dual therapy, treatment with single pill combination medications, and use of treatment algorithms for hypertension management. Strength of the recommendations was guided by the quality of the underlying evidence; the tradeoffs between desirable and undesirable effects; patient’s values, resource considerations and cost-effectiveness; health equity; acceptability, and feasibility consideration of different treatment options. The goal of the guideline is to facilitate standard approaches to pharmacological treatment and management of hypertension which, if widely implemented, will increase the hypertension control rate world-wide.

World Health Organization

1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-377 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
United Nations ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Health Organization

On April 7, 1948 the World Health Organization came into existence as a specialized agency of the United Nations with the ratification of its constitution by the Byelorussian SSR and Mexico. These ratifications brought the total number of ratifying States (Member governments of the United Nations) to 27, or one more than were required by the WHO Constitution to bring the Organization into existence. The Member states who had ratified the Constitution at that time were Australia, Canada, China, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Greece, Haiti, India, Iran, Iraq, Liberia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Siam, Sweden, Syria, Turkey, Ukrainian SSR, Union of South Africa, USSR, United Kingdom, and Yugoslavia. In addition, Albania, Austria, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland and Transjordan had also joined the organization.

scholarly journals Substance use and duration of untreated psychosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen P. Davis ◽  
Andrew Tomita ◽  
Joy Noel Baumgartner ◽  
Sisanda Mtshemla ◽  
Siphumelele Nene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Substance use and psychiatric disorders cause significant burden of disease in low- and middle-income countries. Co-morbid psychopathology and longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) can negatively affect treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> The study assessed substance use amongst adults with severe mental illness receiving services at a regional psychiatric hospital in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). We describe the prevalence and correlates of lifetime substance use and examine the association between substance use and DUP.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional survey recruited adults diagnosed with severe mental illness and assessed lifetime and past 3-month substance use using the World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between lifetime substance use (other than alcohol and tobacco) and DUP as measured by the World Health Organization Encounter Form.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Amongst 87 participants, alcohol (81.6%), tobacco (75.6%) and cannabis (49.4%) were the most common substances reported for lifetime use. Risk of health-related problems (health, social, financial, legal and relationship) of cannabis use was associated with younger age, single marital status and lower education. Adjusted regression analyses indicated that use of amphetamines and methaqualone is associated with longer DUP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Substance use is prevalent amongst psychiatric patients in KwaZulu-Natal and may contribute to longer DUP. Mental health services in this region should address co-morbid substance use and psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Substance Use; Psychosis; KwaZulu-Natal</p>

scholarly journals Mental health and COVID-19 in South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 008124632110015
Author(s):  
Siphelele Nguse ◽  
Douglas Wassenaar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Human Life ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has affected most parts of the globe since its first appearance in the city of Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As a result, the World Health Organization declared the virus a global public health crisis and a pandemic within 2 weeks, after the virus had spread to 114 countries with 118 000 recorded cases and 4291 deaths due to the virus and related complications. The World Health Organization declaration is indicative of the enormous impact of the pandemic on human life globally. South Africa has not been exempted from that impact. While the pandemic has affected all South Africans in various ways, the poor have been most affected due to structural inequality, poverty, unemployment, and lack of access to quality health care and other services. Furthermore, public mental health has also been negatively affected by the pandemic, and this comes against a backdrop of an ailing mental health care system. We argue that the psychology profession, as a mental health profession and behavioural science, working as part of a multidisciplinary team, ought to play a significant role in addressing the mental health ramifications of the pandemic. In so doing, lessons can be drawn from other countries while establishing contextual immediate and long-term interventions.

scholarly journals International risk of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant importations originating in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Bai ◽  
Zhanwei Du ◽  
Mingda Xu ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Fast Spreading ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractOmicron, a fast-spreading SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern reported to the World Health Organization on November 24, 2021, has raised international alarm. We estimated there is at least 50% chance that Omicron had been introduced by travelers from South Africa into all of the 30 countries studied by November 27, 2021.

World Health Organization

1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-542 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Program and organization were the most important questions discussed at the First Assembly of the World Health Organization, which was held in Geneva from June 24 to July 24, 1948. Dr. Andrija Stampar (Yugoslavia), who had been chairman of the Interim Commission, was elected president by acclamation. An Executive Board of eighteen members representing the following countries was chosen: Australia, Brazil, Byelorussia, Ceylon, China, Egypt, France, India, Iran, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Union of South Africa, USSR, United Kingdom, United States, and Yugoslavia. A system was adopted whereby the Board Members would draw by lot for the duration of their terms of office. Dr. Brock Chisholm (Canada) was elected Director-General of the organization, which had a membership of 52 countries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document