The Independent and Combined Effects of Aerobic Physical Activity and Muscular Strengthening Activity on All-Cause Mortality: An Analysis of Effect Modification by Race-Ethnicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 881-888
Author(s):  
William Boyer ◽  
James Churilla ◽  
Amy Miller ◽  
Trevor Gillum ◽  
Marshare Penny
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hispanic White

Background: The effects of aerobic physical activity (PA) and muscular strengthening activity (MSA) on all-cause mortality risk need further exploration among ethnically diverse populations. Purpose: To examine potential effect modification of race-ethnicity on meeting the PA guidelines and on all-cause mortality. Methods: The study sample (N = 14,384) included adults (20–79 y of age) from the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PA was categorized into 6 categories based on the 2018 PA guidelines: category 1 (inactive), category 2 (insufficient PA and no MSA), category 3 (active and no MSA), category 4 (no PA and sufficient MSA), category 5 (insufficient PA and sufficient MSA), and category 6 (meeting both recommendations). Race-ethnic groups examined included non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American. Cox-proportional hazard models were used. Results: Significant risk reductions were found for categories 2, 3, and 6 for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black. Among Mexican American, significant risk reductions were found in category 6. Conclusion: In support of the 2018 PA guidelines, meeting both the aerobic PA and MSA guidelines significantly reduced risk for all-cause mortality independent of race-ethnicity. The effects of aerobic PA alone seem to be isolated to non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black.

Abstract P153: Dose-Response Associations Between Physical Activity And All-Cause Mortality Among A Multi-Ethnic Sample With Diabetes: NHANES 1999-2006

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Boyer ◽  
Madison Brenton ◽  
Allison Milano
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Physician Diagnosis ◽  
Hispanic White

Introduction: Emerging evidence has suggested that those identifying as non-Hispanic white (NHW) or non-Hispanic black (NHB) have consistent and similar all-cause mortality risk reductions across dose of aerobic PA. In the same analyses, those identifying as Mexican American (MA) receive no protection from all-cause mortality across dose of aerobic PA. However, a single study has suggested that MAs meeting both the aerobic and muscular strengthening activity (MSA) recommendations have similar all-cause mortality risk reductions compared to NHW and NHB, highlighting the importance of MSA among MA. It is unknown, however, if these results translate to those who have diabetes. Hypothesis: NHW or NHB participants will have similar all-cause mortality risk reductions associated with aerobic PA independent of MSA participation. MA meeting both recommendations will have significant all-cause mortality risk reductions. Methods: The study sample (n=1,999) included adult (≥20 years of age) participants with diabetes from the 1999-2006 NHANES. Diabetes was defined as having one of the following: reported physician diagnosis, reported taking anti-hyperglycemic medication, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. PA was categorized into 6 categories based around the 2018 PA guidelines: category 1 (no aerobic PA and insufficient MSA), category 2 (insufficient aerobic PA and insufficient MSA), category 3 (active and insufficient MSA), category 4 (no aerobic PA and sufficient MSA), category 5 (insufficient aerobic PA and sufficient MSA), and category 6 (meeting both recommendations). Cox-proportional hazard models were used for all analyses. Results: A significant interaction (p<0.001) was found between categories of PA and race. Statistically significant risk reductions were found for categories 2,3 and 6 among NHW, and categories 2 and 3 among NHB; with a non-statistically significant risk reduction of 67% in category 6 (p=0.13) for NHB. A 45% reduction in risk was found among MA for category 6, however the estimate did not attain statistical significance (p=0.17). Conclusions: Similar to previous studies in those without diabetes, aerobic PA of any volume significantly reduced risk for all-cause mortality only among NHW and NHB with diabetes. While the risk reductions were clinically meaningful for both NHB and MA in category 6 compared to category 1, there was a lack of statistical significance. It is probable this may be, in part, influenced by a relatively low sample size within these two race-ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Periodontal Antibodies and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Qi ◽  
Z. Zihang ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
Y.M. Park ◽  
D. Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Actinomyces Naeslundii ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Periodontitis is positively linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, cancer, and increased mortality. Empirically derived clusters of IgG antibodies against 19 selected periodontal microorganisms have been associated with hyperglycemia. We further investigated associations between these serum IgG antibody clusters and all-cause and CVD mortality in a representative US population. Participants free of CVD and cancer and aged ≥40 y at baseline ( N = 6,491) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 to 1994) were followed up until December 31, 2011. Antibodies were categorized into 4 clusters: red-green, orange-red, yellow-orange, and orange-blue. Over a 23-y follow-up, 2,702 deaths occurred, including 810 CVD-related deaths. In fully adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, the red-green cluster was positively associated with all-cause mortality (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.90, P = 0.015). The yellow-orange cluster was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63 to 0.97, P = 0.028) and CVD mortality (tertile 2 vs. tertile 1: HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.42 to 0.77, P = 0.005). The orange-blue cluster (composed of antibodies against Eubacterium nodatum and Actinomyces naeslundii) was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.55 to 0.78, P < 0.0001) and CVD mortality (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.88, P = 0.007). These antibodies could predict prognosis or be potential intervention targets to prevent systemic effects of periodontal disease if further studies establish a causal relationship.

scholarly journals Exploring How Exposure to Truth and State-Sponsored Anti-Tobacco Media Campaigns Affect Smoking Disparities among Young Adults Using a National Longitudinal Dataset, 2002–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7803
Author(s):  
David C. Colston ◽  
Yanmei Xie ◽  
James F. Thrasher ◽  
Sherry Emery ◽  
Megan E. Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Daily Smoking ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Monitoring The Future

Background. Little is known regarding long-term impacts of anti-tobacco media campaigns on youth smoking and related disparities in the United States. Methods. We examined longitudinal cohort data from Monitoring the Future (MTF) between 2000 and 2017 in modified Poisson regression models to understand the long-term impacts of televised Truth and state-sponsored ad campaign exposure at baseline (age 18) on first cigarette and daily smoking initiation 1 to 2 years later (at modal ages 19/20). We also used additive interactions to test for potential effect modification between campaign exposure and smoking outcomes by sex, race/ethnicity, and parental educational attainment. Results. We found no evidence for baseline media campaign exposure to be associated with first cigarette or daily smoking initiation at modal age 19/20. Further, results showed no evidence for effect modification between campaign exposure and first cigarette or daily smoking initiation. Conclusions. We found no evidence that baseline Truth and state-sponsored ad exposure was associated with first cigarette or daily smoking initiation at follow up, nor did we find any evidence for effect modification by sex, race/ethnicity, or parental education. We hypothesize that anti-tobacco media campaigns might have had a short-term impact on smoking behaviors, though these effects were not sustained long term.

Rural-Urban Mortality Disparities: Variations Across Causes of Death and Race/Ethnicity, 2013–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 1325-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice C. Probst ◽  
Whitney E. Zahnd ◽  
Peiyin Hung ◽  
Jan M. Eberth ◽  
Elizabeth L. Crouch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Black Populations ◽  
Lower Respiratory Disease ◽  
Hispanic White

Objectives. To examine rural-urban disparities in overall mortality and leading causes of death across Hispanic (any race) and non-Hispanic White, Black, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN), and Asian/Pacific Islander populations. Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of age-adjusted death rates for all-cause mortality and 5 leading causes of death (cardiovascular, cancer, unintentional injuries, chronic lower respiratory disease, and stroke) by rural versus urban county of residence in the United States and race/ethnicity for the period 2013 to 2017. Results. Rural populations, across all racial/ethnic groups, had higher all-cause mortality rates than did their urban counterparts. Comparisons within causes of death documented rural disparities for all conditions except cancer and stroke among Hispanic individuals; Hispanic rural residents had death rates similar to or lower than urban residents. Rural Black populations experienced the highest mortality for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and stroke. Unintentional injury and chronic lower respiratory disease mortality were highest in rural AI/AN and rural non-Hispanic White populations, respectively. Conclusions. Investigating rural-urban disparities without also considering race/ethnicity leaves minority health disparities unexamined and thus unaddressed. Further research is needed to clarify local factors associated with these disparities and to test appropriate interventions.

scholarly journals Infant feeding practices and dietary consumption of US infants and toddlers: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen E Davis ◽  
Xilong Li ◽  
Beverley Adams-Huet ◽  
Lona Sandon
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
National Health ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Race Ethnicity

AbstractObjectiveTo compare infant and toddler anthropometric measurements, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes by race/ethnicity and income.DesignCross-sectional analysis using general linear modelling. Ten years of survey data (2003–2012) were combined to compare anthropometric measurements, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes from a nationally representative US sample.SettingThe 2003–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).SubjectsInfants and toddlers (n 3669) aged 0–24 months.ResultsRates of overweight were higher among Mexican-American infants and toddlers (P=0·002). There were also several differences in feeding practices among groups based on race/ethnicity. Cessation of breast-feeding occurred earlier for non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American v. non-Hispanic white infants (3·6 and 4·2 v. 5·3 months; P<0·0001; P=0·001). Age at first feeding of solids was earlier for white than Mexican-American infants (5·3 v. 5·7 months; P=0·02). There were differences in almost all feeding practices based on income, including the lowest-income infants stopped breast-feeding earlier than the highest-income infants (3·2 v. 5·8 months, P<0·0001). Several differences in mean nutrient intakes by both race/ethnicity and income were also identified.ConclusionsOur study indicates that disparities in overweight, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes exist among infants and toddlers according to race/ethnicity, which cannot be disentangled from income.

Incidence of dementia: evidence for an effect modification by gender. The ILSA Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1867-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Noale ◽  
Federica Limongi ◽  
Sabina Zambon ◽  
Gaetano Crepaldi ◽  
Stefania Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Competing Risks ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Incidence Of Dementia

ABSTRACTBackground:Gender differences for incidence of dementia among elderly people have been usually investigated considering gender as a predictor and not as a stratification variable.Methods:Analyses were based on data collected by the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging (ILSA), which enrolled 5,632 participants aged 65–84 years between 1992 and 2000. During a median follow-up of 7.8 years, there were 194 cases of incident dementia in the participants with complete data. Cox proportional hazard models for competing risks, stratified by sex, were defined to determine risk factors in relation to developing dementia.Results:The incidence rate of dementia increased from 5.57/1,000 person-years at 65–69 years of age to 30.06/1,000 person-years at 80–84 years. Cox proportional hazard models for competing risks of incidence of dementia and death revealed that, among men, significant risk factors were heart failure, Parkinson's disease, family history of dementia, mild depressive symptomatology and age, while triglycerides were associated with a lower risk of developing dementia. Significant risk factors in women were age, both mild and severe depressive symptomatology, glycemia ≥109 mg/dL, and a BMI < 24.1 kg/m2. Even as little as three years of schooling was found to be a significant protective factor against the incidence of dementia only for women.Conclusions:Our results suggest that there is an effect modification by gender in our study population in relation to the association between low education level, lipid profile, BMI, and glycemia and dementia.

scholarly journals Protective role of physical activity on type 2 diabetes: Analysis of effect modification by race-ethnicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Boyer ◽  
James R. Churilla ◽  
Samantha F. Ehrlich ◽  
Scott E. Crouter ◽  
Lyndsey M. Hornbuckle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Race Ethnicity

scholarly journals Age of Initiation of Dual Tobacco Use and Binge Drinking among Youth (12–17 Years Old): Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 12985
Author(s):  
Adriana Pérez ◽  
Arnold E. Kuk ◽  
Meagan A. Bluestein ◽  
Hui Min Shirlyn Sia ◽  
Baojiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
The Public ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hispanic White

Earlier exposure to binge drinking and tobacco use is associated with higher odds of substance use disorders. Using national youth data from the PATH study, we prospectively estimate the age of initiating past 30-day use of (1) cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and binge drinking, and (2) cigarettes, cigarillos, and binge drinking. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate differences in the age of initiation by sex, race/ethnicity, and previous use of other tobacco products. By age 21, 4.4% (95% CI: 3.7–5.2) and 2.0% (95% CI: 1.2–2.8) of youth reported initiation of past 30-day use outcomes (1) and (2), respectively. After controlling for sex and previous use of other tobacco products, statistically significant differences in the age of initiation by race/ethnicity were found for each outcome: Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black youth were less likely than non-Hispanic White youth to initiate past 30-day use of both outcomes (1) and (2) at earlier ages. Although the initiation of both outcomes remained relatively low by age 21, these incidences represent 1.56 million and 700,000 youth, respectively. This study provides the public with evidence to identify the particular ages at which education campaigns may be most effective to prevent youth from initiating these three substances. Further research is needed to estimate the age of initiation of other dual tobacco use patterns with binge drinking.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document