The Physiological Cost and Enjoyment of Wii Fit in Adolescents, Young Adults, and Older Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee E.F. Graves ◽  
Nicola D. Ridgers ◽  
Karen Williams ◽  
Gareth Stratton ◽  
Greg Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Video Gaming ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Wii Fit ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Moderate Intensity Activity

Background:Active video games (exergames) increase energy expenditure (EE) and physical activity (PA) compared with sedentary video gaming. The physiological cost and enjoyment of exergaming in adolescents, and young and older adults has not been documented, nor compared with aerobic exercise. This study compared the physiological cost and enjoyment of exergaming on Wii Fit with aerobic exercise in 3 populations.Methods:Cardiorespiratory and enjoyment measurements were compared in 14 adolescents, 15 young adults, and 13 older adults during handheld inactive video gaming, Wii Fit activities (yoga, muscle conditioning, balance, aerobics), and brisk treadmill walking and jogging.Results:For all groups EE and heart rate (HR) of Wii Fit activities were greater than handheld gaming (P < .001) but lower than treadmill exercise (P ≤ .001). Wii aerobics elicited moderate intensity activity in adolescents, young adults, and older adults with respective mean (SD) metabolic equivalents of 3.2 (0.7), 3.6 (0.8), and 3.2 (0.8). HR during Wii aerobics fell below the recommended intensity for maintaining cardiorespiratory fitness. Group enjoyment rating was greater for Wii balance and aerobics compared with treadmill walking and jogging (P ≤ .05).Conclusions:Wii Fit appears an enjoyable exergame for adolescents and adults, stimulating light-to-moderate intensity activity through the modification of typically sedentary leisure behavior.

scholarly journals Cognitive Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fang Yu ◽  
David M. Vock ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Dereck Salisbury ◽  
Nathaniel W. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background: Aerobic exercise has shown inconsistent cognitive effects in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. Objective: To examine the immediate and longitudinal effects of 6-month cycling on cognition in older adults with AD dementia. Methods: This randomized controlled trial randomized 96 participants (64 to cycling and 32 to stretching for six months) and followed them for another six months. The intervention was supervised, moderate-intensity cycling for 20–50 minutes, 3 times a week for six months. The control was light-intensity stretching. Cognition was assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months using the AD Assessment Scale-Cognition (ADAS-Cog). Discrete cognitive domains were measured using the AD Uniform Data Set battery. Results: The participants were 77.4±6.8 years old with 15.6±2.9 years of education, and 55%were male. The 6-month change in ADAS-Cog was 1.0±4.6 (cycling) and 0.1±4.1 (stretching), which were both significantly less than the natural 3.2±6.3-point increase observed naturally with disease progression. The 12-month change was 2.4±5.2 (cycling) and 2.2±5.7 (control). ADAS-Cog did not differ between groups at 6 (p = 0.386) and 12 months (p = 0.856). There were no differences in the 12-month rate of change in ADAS-Cog (0.192 versus 0.197, p = 0.967), memory (–0.012 versus –0.019, p = 0.373), executive function (–0.020 versus –0.012, p = 0.383), attention (–0.035 versus –0.033, p = 0.908), or language (–0.028 versus –0.026, p = 0.756). Conclusion: Exercise may reduce decline in global cognition in older adults with mild-to-moderate AD dementia. Aerobic exercise did not show superior cognitive effects to stretching in our pilot trial, possibly due to the lack of power.

scholarly journals Impact of l-citrulline supplementation on oxygen uptake kinetics during walking

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ashley ◽  
Youngdeok Kim ◽  
Joaquin U. Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Oxygen Cost ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D

Supplementation with l-citrulline (Cit) has been shown to improve muscle oxygenation and oxygen uptake kinetics during moderate- to high-intensity cycling in young men. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that Cit would improve oxygen uptake kinetics during walking in older and young adults. In a randomized, double-blind study, 26 (15 women, 11 men) adults between the ages of 20–35 years (n = 15) and 64–86 years (n = 11) completed 7-day periods of taking placebo and Cit (6 g/day) in a crossover manner. Participants walked on a treadmill at 40% heart rate reserve while pulmonary oxygen uptake was measured using indirect calorimetry. Net oxygen cost, mean response time (MRT), and the oxygen deficit were calculated before and after each supplement period. There was no significant change (P > 0.05) in net oxygen cost, MRT, or the oxygen deficit after Cit in older adults, while young adults showed a decrease (P = 0.05) in the oxygen deficit after Cit that tended (P = 0.053) to be different than the change after placebo. Sex-stratified analysis revealed that Cit decreased MRT (P = 0.04, Cohen’s d = 0.41) and the oxygen deficit (P < 0.01, Cohen’s d = 0.56) in men with the change after Cit being greater than the change after placebo (MRT: −4.5 ± 2.1 vs. 3.4 ± 2.1 s, P = 0.01; deficit: −0.15 ± 0.05 vs. 0.01 ± 0.05 L, P = 0.02). All oxygen uptake parameters were unchanged (P > 0.05) following Cit and placebo in women. Cit does not alter the oxygen cost of moderate-intensity walking in young or older adults, but Cit improved the rate of rise in oxygen uptake at exercise onset in men.

scholarly journals Moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise improves skeletal muscle quality in older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille R. Brightwell ◽  
Melissa M. Markofski ◽  
Tatiana Moro ◽  
Christopher S. Fry ◽  
Craig Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Moderate Intensity

O2 uptake kinetics, pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and muscle deoxygenation in young and older adults during the transition to moderate-intensity exercise

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. R577-R584 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Gurd ◽  
S. J. Peters ◽  
G. J. F. Heigenhauser ◽  
P. J. LeBlanc ◽  
T. J. Doherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
O2 Uptake Kinetics ◽  
The Relationship

The adaptation of pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2p) kinetics is slowed in older compared with young adults during the transition to moderate-intensity exercise. In this study, we examined the relationship between V̇o2p kinetics and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity in young ( n = 7) and older ( n = 6) adults. Subjects performed cycle exercise to a work rate corresponding to ∼90% of estimated lactate threshold. Phase 2 V̇o2p kinetics were slower ( P < 0.05) in older (τ = 40 ± 17 s) compared with young (τ = 21 ± 6 s) adults. Relative phosphocreatine (PCr) breakdown was greater ( P < 0.05) at 30 s in older compared with young adults. Absolute PCr breakdown at 6 min was greater ( P < 0.05) in older compared with young adults. In young adults, PDH activity increased ( P < 0.05) from baseline to 30 s, with no further change observed at 6 min. In older adults, PDH activity during baseline exercise was similar to that seen in young adults. During the exercise transition, PDH activity did not increase ( P > 0.05) at 30 s of exercise but was elevated ( P < 0.05) after 6 min. The change in deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) was greater for a given V̇o2p in older adults, and there was a similar time course of HHb accompanying the slower V̇o2p kinetics in the older adults, suggesting a slower adaptation of bulk O2 delivery in older adults. In conclusion, the slower adaptation of V̇o2p in older adults is likely a result of both an increased metabolic inertia and lower O2 availability.

scholarly journals Acute Effect of Moderate-intensity Aerobic Exercise on Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Young Adults: Treadmill vs. Cycle Ergometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-169
Author(s):  
Yejin Kang ◽  
Ruda Lee ◽  
Moon-Hyon Hwang ◽  
Myong-Joo Lim
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Post Exercise

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of different types (treadmill vs. cycle) of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young adults.METHODS: By a randomized crossover study design, ten participants were initially assigned to either treadmill exercise (TE; n=5) or cycle ergometer exercise (CE; n=5) and then they performed the other with seven-day wash-out period. Both exercises were implemented at the target heart rate corresponding to 70% of heart rate reserve for 30 minutes. Cognitive function was assessed by the Stroop Color-Word test at pre- and post-exercise. Cerebral blood flow was continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy technique during rest, cognitive function test (CFT), and exercise.RESULTS: There was a significant group by time interaction in tissue saturation index (TSI) (<i>p</i>=.046). Post-hoc analysis presented that TSI at post-exercise CFT was higher than during exercise in TE (<i>p</i>=.02). In both exercises, TSI at pre-exercise CFT significantly increased compared to the resting value (<i>p</i>=.001). Cerebral oxyhemoglobin level was significantly increased during exercise and at post-exercise CFT compared to the resting value in both exercises (<i>p</i><.001). The reaction time for certain cognitive tasks such as color, word with matched color, word with color interference, and color with word interference was improved after both exercises (<i>p</i><.05).CONCLUSIONS: One-bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise acutely improves cerebral blood flow and cognitive function even in healthy young adults. Exercise types with the same intensity do not seem to make meaningful difference in the positive effects of aerobic exercise.

scholarly journals The physiological demands of Singing for Lung Health compared to treadmill walking

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keir EJ Philip ◽  
Adam Lewis ◽  
Sara C Buttery ◽  
Colm McCabe ◽  
Bishman Manivannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Training Modality ◽  
Moderate Intensity Activity ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
Lung Health

AbstractParticipating in singing is considered to have a range of social and psychological benefits. However, the physiological demands of singing, whether it can be considered exercise, and its intensity as a physical activity are not well understood. We therefore compared cardiorespiratory parameters while completing components of Singing for Lung Health (SLH) sessions, with treadmill walking at differing speeds (2, 4, and 6km/hr). Eight healthy adults were included, none of whom reported regular participation in formal singing activities. Singing induced physiological responses that were consistent with moderate intensity activity (METS: median 4.12, IQR 2.72 - 4.78), with oxygen consumption, heart rate, and volume per breath above those seen walking at 4km/hr. Minute ventilation was higher during singing (median 22.42L/min, IQR 16.83 - 30.54) than at rest (11L/min, 9 - 13), lower than 6km/hr walking (30.35L/min, 26.94 - 41.11), but not statistically different from 2km/hr (18.77L/min, 16.89 - 21.35) or 4km/hr (23.27L/min, 20.09 - 26.37) walking. Our findings suggest the metabolic demands of singing may contribute to the health and wellbeing benefits attributed to participation. However, if physical training benefits result remains uncertain. Further research including different singing styles, singers, and physical performance impacts when used as a training modality is encouraged.

scholarly journals Energy expenditure, recovery oxygen consumption, and substrate oxidation during and after body weight resistance exercise with slow movement compared to treadmill walking

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nakagata ◽  
Y Yamada ◽  
H Naito
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Slow Movement ◽  
Moderate Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Course Changes

The benefit of body weight resistance exercise with slow movement (BWRE-slow) for muscle function is well-documented, but not for energy metabolism. We aimed to examine physiological responses [e.g., energy expenditure (EE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and blood lactate (La)] during and after BWRE-slow compared to EE-matched treadmill walking (TW). Eight healthy young men (23.4 ± 1.8 years old, 171.2 ± 6.2 cm, 63.0 ± 4.8 kg) performed squat, push-up, lunge, heel-raise, hip-lift, and crunch exercises with BWRE-slow modality. Both the concentric and eccentric phases were set to 3 s. A total of three sets (10 repetitions) with 30 s rest between sets were performed for each exercise (26.5 min). On another day, subjects walked on a treadmill for 26.5 min during which EE during exercise was matched to that of BWRE-slow with the researcher controlling the treadmill speed manually. The time course changes of EE and RER were measured. The EE during exercise for BWRE-slow (92.6 ± 16.0 kcal for 26.5 min) was not significantly different from the EE during exercise for TW (95.5 ± 14.1 kcal, p = 0.36). BWRE-slow elicited greater recovery EE (40.55 ± 3.88 kcal for 30 min) than TW (37.61 ± 3.19 kcal, p = 0.029). RER was significantly higher in BWRE-slow during and 0–5 min after exercise, but became significantly lower during 25–30 min after exercise, suggesting greater lipid oxidation was induced about 30 min after exercise in BWRE-slow compared to TW. We also indicated that BWRE-slow has 3.1 metabolic equivalents in average, which is categorized as moderate-intensity physical activity.

Oxygen uptake kinetics for moderate exercise are speeded in older humans by prior heavy exercise

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry W. Scheuermann ◽  
Chris Bell ◽  
Donald H. Paterson ◽  
Thomas J. Barstow ◽  
John M. Kowalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Warm Up

This study examined the effect of heavy-intensity warm-up exercise on O2 uptake (V˙o 2) kinetics at the onset of moderate-intensity (80% ventilation threshold), constant-work rate exercise in eight older (65 ± 2 yr) and seven younger adults (26 ± 1 yr). Step increases in work rate from loadless cycling to moderate exercise (Mod1), heavy exercise, and moderate exercise (Mod2) were performed. Each exercise bout was 6 min in duration and separated by 6 min of loadless cycling.V˙o 2 kinetics were modeled from the onset of exercise by use of a two-component exponential model. Heart rate (HR) kinetics were modeled from the onset of exercise using a single exponential model. During Mod1, the time constant (τ) for the predominant rise in V˙o 2(τV˙o 2) was slower ( P < 0.05) in the older adults (50 ± 10 s) than in young adults (19 ± 5 s). The older adults demonstrated a speeding ( P < 0.05) of V˙o 2kinetics when moderate-intensity exercise (Mod2) was preceded by high-intensity warm-up exercise (τV˙o 2, 27 ± 3 s), whereas young adults showed no speeding of V˙o 2kinetics (τV˙o 2, 17 ± 3 s). In the older and younger adults, baseline HR preceding Mod2was elevated compared with Mod1, but the τ for HR kinetics was slowed ( P < 0.05) in Mod2only for the older adults. Prior heavy-intensity exercise in old, but not young, adults speeded V˙o 2 kinetics during Mod2. Despite slowed HR kinetics in Mod2in the older adults, an elevated baseline HR before the onset of Mod2 may have led to sufficient muscle perfusion and O2 delivery. These results suggest that, when muscle blood flow and O2 delivery are adequate, muscle O2consumption in both old and young adults is limited by intracellular processes within the exercising muscle.

scholarly journals EXERCISE ACUTELY IMPROVES COGNITION IN HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS: THE ROLE OF AROUSAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S836-S836
Author(s):  
Pearl N Cummins ◽  
James Kent ◽  
Timothy Weng ◽  
Vincent Magnottta ◽  
Gary Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Back Task

Abstract Previous researchers have reported that aerobic exercise improves cognition in older adults; however, few researchers have examined the role of arousal on improvements in cognition after exercise. The purpose of this study was to understand how changes in arousal acutely affect changes in cognitive performance after a single session of light compared to moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Cognitively normal older adults (N = 34) were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial where they were asked to complete the N-back task with faces, a cognitive task used to test working memory, in an fMRI scanner. On separate days, the task was completed before and 15 to 20 minutes after light and moderate intensity exercise. An intervention was also completed, but our question focuses on the acute effects of exercise rather than training. Arousal was measured before and after exercise through a questionnaire and a direct measure of physiological activation of the sympathetic nervous system with galvanic skin response (GSR). On average, resting GSRs decreased from pre- to post-exercise scan; however, the change was not statistically significant. The decrease in arousal after light exercise indicated that older adults had decreased sympathetic activity after both light and moderate intensity exercise. By contrast, N-back task performance improved most after moderate compared to light intensity exercise. Together, evidence that sympathetic activity tended to decrease generally for both intensities, whereas cognitive improvements were more specific, suggests that changes in arousal at rest were not a critical factor connecting exercise and improved working memory in this study.

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