The Effect of Group Cohesion on Competitive State Anxiety

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Prapavessis ◽  
Albert V. Carron
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Sport Team ◽  
Group Environment ◽  
Task Cohesion ◽  
Group Environment Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
State Responses

One purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cohesion and competitive state anxiety (A-state). If a cohesion-competition A-state relationship was obtained, the second purpose was to determine whether the perceived psychological benefits and/or psychological costs of cohesiveness mediate that relationship. In order to examine these issues, a sample of interactive sport-team athletes (N = 110) completed the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ; Carron, Widmeyer, & Brawley, 1985) and items related to the perceived psychological benefits and costs of membership in cohesive groups. In addition, athletes completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2 (CSAI-2; Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990) prior to competition. Results showed that cohesion was related to A-state responses (p < .004). Specifically, individuals holding higher perceptions of task cohesion reported less cognitive A-state. Results also showed that psychological costs associated with membership on cohesive teams mediates the cohesion–A-state relationship.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Task Cohesion and Competitive State Anxiety

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Eys ◽  
James Hardy ◽  
Albert V. Carron ◽  
Mark R. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Team Cohesion ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Practice Session ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Group Environment ◽  
Group Integration ◽  
Task Cohesion ◽  
The Relationship

The general purpose of the present study was to determine if perceptions of team cohesion are related to the interpretation athletes attach to their precompetition anxiety. Specifically examined was the association between athlete perceptions of task cohesiveness (Individual Attractions to the Group– Task, ATG-T, and Group Integration–Task, GI-T) and the degree to which perceptions of the intensity of precompetition anxiety symptoms (cognitive and somatic) were viewed as facilitative versus debilitative. Participants were athletes (N = 392) from the sports of soccer, rugby, and field hockey. Each athlete completed the Group Environment Questionnaire (Carron, Widmeyer, & Brawley, 1985) after a practice session. A directionally modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990) was completed just prior to a competition. Results showed that athletes who perceived their cognitive anxiety as facilitative had higher perceptions of both ATG-T and GI-T, χ2 (2, N = 260) = 8.96, p < .05, than athletes who perceived their cognitive anxiety as debilitative. Also, athletes who perceived their somatic anxiety as facilitative had higher perceptions of GI-T, χ2 (2, N = 249) = 5.85, p < .05.

Cohesion Predicts Success in Junior Ice Hockey

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 649-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simo Salminen ◽  
Pekka Luhtanen
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Predictors Of Success ◽  
Winning Percentage ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Group Environment ◽  
Task Cohesion ◽  
Group Environment Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between cohesion measured by the Group Environment Questionnaire and success measured by winning percentage with over 200 junior ice hockey players. The cohesion explained 29% of the variance of the success. Scores on task cohesion were better predictors of success than social cohesion.

The Development of an Instrument to Assess Cohesion in Sport Teams: The Group Environment Questionnaire

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Carron ◽  
W.N. Widmeyer ◽  
L.R. Brawley
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Oblique Rotation ◽  
Sport Team ◽  
Group Environment ◽  
Group Integration ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
Group Environment Questionnaire

The purpose of this paper was fourfold. The first purpose was to demonstrate the need to develop an instrument to assess group cohesion while the second was to outline a conceptual model of group cohesion upon which such an instrument could be based. This model reflected four related constructs which were the a priori basis for developing a large item pool and initial versions of the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). The third purpose was to outline the four projects conducted to obtain construct-related information and to develop an initial version of the GEQ. The final purpose was to outline the two reliability and validity studies conducted with two different sport team samples. The results of these studies revealed that an 18-item version of the GEQ was internally consistent, reliable across studies, and content valid. Factor analyses with oblique rotation revealed preliminary evidence for construct validity. The GEQ is comprised of four scales reflecting the constructs of group integration-task, group integration-social, individual attractions to group-task, and individual attractions to group-social.

scholarly journals Frequência, Intensidade e Direção da Ansiedade e sua Relação com a Coesão Grupal em uma Equipe de Voleibol Infanto-Juvenil Masculina

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Juliana Paes ◽  
Thais Do Amaral Machado ◽  
Sabrina Rebeca Berbetz ◽  
Joice Mara Facco Stefanello
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Group Environment ◽  
Group Environment Questionnaire

No presente estudo, analisou-se a relação entre nível de coesão grupal e ansiedade pré-competitiva de atletas de uma equipe de voleibol em competição. Participaram do estudo 12 atletas homens, com 16,33±0,65 anos de idade e tempo de prática de 1,29±0,89, de uma das equipes participantes da Fase Final dos Jogos Escolares do Estado do Paraná 2013. Utilizou-se o Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) para avaliação do nível de coesão grupal da equipe e o Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2R), para avaliação da ansiedade pré-competitiva, ambos validados para a língua portuguesa. Encontraram-se correlações significativas para a frequência (p=0,02 r= 0,66) e intensidade (p=0,04 r=0,61) da ansiedade apenas entre a dimensão de autoconfiança e a dimensão de atração individual para o grupo-social. Considerando a direção da ansiedade, a ansiedade somática apresentou correlação significativa, de moderada intensidade, com as dimensões de Integração para o Grupo-social (p=0,02 r= 0,67) e de Atração Individual para o Grupo-social (p=0,03 r= 0,62). A autoconfiança correlacionou-se moderadamente com as dimensões de Integração para o Grupo-social (p= 0,03 r= 0,61) e de Atração Individual para o Grupo-social (p= 0,02 r= 0,67). Os atletas vivenciaram os sintomas de ansiedade de maneira positiva e apresentaram níveis elevados de coesão grupal. 

Assessing the Cohesion of Teams: Validity of the Group Environment Questionnaire

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Brawley ◽  
Albert V. Carron ◽  
W. Neil Widmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Responsibility Attributions ◽  
Group Environment ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
Task Cohesion ◽  
Concurrent Study ◽  
Group Environment Questionnaire ◽  
Predictive Study

The process of validating a recently developed instrument to assess perceived team cohesion is discussed. The Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ), an instrument designed to measure cohesion in sport teams, has good estimates for its internal consistency and for its content and factorial validity (Carron, Widmeyer, & Brawley, 1985; Widmeyer, Brawley, & Carron, 1985). However, other aspects of its validity required examination. The present article reports three studies concerning inspection of the GEQ's concurrent (Study 1), predictive (Study 2), and construct (Study 3) validities. In Study 1 the GEQ exhibited the predicted correspondence with similar measures of cohesion and was not significantly correlated with measures of other constructs. In Study 2 the GEQ successfully discriminated team and individual sport athletes by predicting their membership to these groups on the basis of their task cohesion scores. As well, classification of athletes as new and long-standing members of individual sport teams was predicted on the basis of their social cohesion scores. Finally, in Study 3 evidence was obtained for the predicted difference in self-responsibility attributions between high and low task-cohesive athletes of team sports. Considering the results of the three studies with previous evidence of content and factorial validity, the conclusion was that the GEQ is valid. In sum, demonstrations of the GEQ's content, factorial, concurrent, predictive, and construct validity reflect the ongoing process of its construct validation.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Group Environment Questionnaire with an Intercollegiate Sample

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuzhong Li ◽  
Peter Harmer
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Factor Models ◽  
Second Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Group Environment ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Group Environment Questionnaire

This study was designed to assess the factorial construct validity of the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ; Carron, Widmeyer, & Brawley, 1985) within a hypothesis-testing framework. Data were collected from 173 male and 148 female intercollegiate athletes. Based on Carron et al.’s (1985) conceptual model of group cohesion, the study examined (a) the extent to which the first-order four-factor model could be confirmed with an intercollegiate athlete sample and (b) the degree to which higher order factors could account for the covariation among the four first-order factors. The a priori models of GEQ, including both the first- and second-order factor models, were tested through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CFA results showed that the theoretically specified first- and second-order factor models fit significantly better than all alternative models. These results demonstrated that the GEQ possesses adequate factorial validity and reliability as a measure of the sport group cohesion construct for an intercollegiate athlete sample.

scholarly journals Fears of Positive versus Negative Evaluation: Distinct and Conjoint Neuroendocrine, Emotional, and Cardiovascular Responses to Social Threat

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin W. Weeks ◽  
Peggy M. Zoccola
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Social Threat ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
Speech Task ◽  
Threat Cues ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Responses

Fear of evaluation in general is important in social anxiety, including fear of positive evaluation (FPE) and fear of negative evaluation (FNE). The present study examined various FPE- and FNE-associated state responses (i.e., affective, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine) to an impromptu speech task which integrated simultaneous and systematic delivery of positive and negative social threat cues (n = 100 [unselected]). Both FPE and FNE related positively to state anxiety and heart rate changes from anticipation of the speech to during the speech itself, and these effects were partly conjoint and partly unique. Furthermore, high FPE alone was associated with dampened cortisol in response to the speech task in contrast to a more normative, robust response to social threat. Last, consistent with hypothesis and prior findings, state anxiety during the speech mediated the relationship between trait FPE and state disqualification of positive social outcomes (a mental safety behavior for FPE-related state anxiety). These results further inform upon the commonalities and distinctions between these two socio-evaluative fears. Implications for the theoretical conceptualization and treatment of social anxiety are discussed.

Exploring the Relationship between Cohesion and Group Resistance to Disruption

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Brawley ◽  
Albert V. Carron ◽  
W. Neil Widmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Recreational Sport ◽  
Group Type ◽  
Group Environment ◽  
Task Cohesion ◽  
Extreme Groups ◽  
Activity Groups ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
The Relationship

Gross and Martin (1952), and Escovar and Sim (1974), proposed group resistance to disruption (GRD) as an alternative conception of cohesion, but the GRD/cohesion relationship has not been empirically examined. In Study 1, this relationship was examined using an extreme-groups design. It was a priori predicted that elite athletes perceiving high team cohesion would also perceive high GRD. The prediction was supported for three of four aspects of cohesion assessed by the Group Environment Questionnaire. Study 2 methodologically extended Study 1 and examined the GRD/cohesion relationship comparatively across physical activity groups. Elite sport, recreational sport, and fitness class groups were assessed. Participants extreme in GRD were predicted on the basis of their cohesion scores. Results indicated that the form and extent of the GRD/cohesion relationship was moderated by group type. In both studies, group task cohesion was positively related to GRD for all samples. The studies represent the first demonstration of this important but neglected relationship.

scholarly journals Rendimientos deportivos auto y heteropercibidos y cohesión grupal: un estudio exploratorio (Own and others’ perception of performance and group cohesion: an exploratory study)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
María Rocío Bohórquez Gómez-Millán ◽  
Patricia Delgado Vega ◽  
Jesús Fernández Gavira
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Attraction ◽  
Group Environment ◽  
Group Environment Questionnaire ◽  
Perception Of Performance

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la relación entre el rendimiento deportivo heteropercibido y autopercibido y la cohesión grupal. Para indagar en esta relación se contó con 22 jugadores de rugby semiprofesionales pertenecientes a un equipo militante en División de Honor B. Para medir la cohesión grupal se empleó la versión española del Group Environment Questionnaire, los rendimientos autopercibido y heteropercibido se evaluaron mediante un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc. Los resultados mostraron que no existe relación significativa entre el rendimiento deportivo deportivos y la cohesión social; aunque existen valores próximos a la significación del rendimiento deportivo autopercibido con las dimensiones de integración grupal a la tarea y atracción individual a lo social. Como principal conclusión, se destaca la inexistencia de relación directa entre la cohesión y el rendimiento individual de los jugadores, lo que abre la puerta a futuras investigaciones que ahonden en las posibles relaciones indirectas entre ambos constructos.Abstract: This study aims to express the relationship between own and others’ perception of athletic performance and group cohesion. Participants were 22 rugby players belonging to category B of the Honor Division in Spanish Rugby League. To measure group cohesion, the Spanish version of the Group Environment Questionnaire was used; own and others’ perception of performance were assessed by an ad hoc questionnaire. Results showed that there is no significant relationship between sports performance and social cohesion; however, self-perceived athletic performance and the dimensions of task group integration and individual social attraction were close to significant values. As a conclusion, we can highlight the absence of any direct relation between cohesion and players’ individual performance, which might drive the focus of future research on possible indirect relations between these two constructs.

Groupness, cohesion, and intention to return to sport: A study of intact youth teams

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin S Spink ◽  
Colin D McLaren ◽  
Jocelyn D Ulvick
Keyword(s):  
Return To Sport ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Sport Team ◽  
The Future ◽  
Task Cohesion ◽  
Intentions To Return ◽  
Intention To Return ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group Experience ◽  
Initial Results

The positive benefits for youth participating in sport have been well documented. Yet, keeping athletes returning to sport has been a concern. While various factors have been examined to explain this attrition, facets of the sport group experience have started to emerge. From a group perspective, it has been established that athlete intentions to return to a sport team the following season are positively associated with perceived team cohesion. While cohesion is a key group construct, other group factors are worthy of examination. The purpose of the current study was to build upon the research base by examining whether the relationship between cohesion and intention to return would be moderated by another group factor—the level of groupness ascribed to the team. At the end of a competitive season, youth soccer athletes ( N = 156) completed measures of task cohesion, groupness, and intention to return to their team in the future. Results revealed that the task cohesion-intention to return relationship was significantly moderated by groupness, p = .03. Simple slopes analysis revealed that the strongest relationship between task cohesion and intention to return occurred under conditions of lower groupness. These initial results indicated that intention to return was highest when the team was perceived as higher in task cohesion, regardless of groupness perceptions. However, when the team was perceived to be lower in task cohesion, those who perceived their team as being more like a group indicated a greater willingness to return to the team in the future.

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